Kelas X | Kerajaan Hindu Buddha di Indonesia Part-2 | Sejarah Indonesia

Summary

This educational video provides an in-depth exploration of Indonesia's Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms, focusing on the Majapahit, Singasari, Kediri, Mataram Kuno, and several other significant dynasties. It covers their histories, key rulers, religious influences, and conflicts. Notable figures such as Airlangga, Ken Arok, and Hayam Wuruk are discussed, highlighting their contributions and struggles. The video also touches on the cultural and economic aspects, emphasizing agriculture, trade, and the legacy of architectural wonders like the Borobudur and Prambanan temples. Viewers are guided through a thorough understanding of these important kingdoms in Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video discusses the history of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia, focusing on various prominent kingdoms such as Mataram Kuno, Kediri, Singasari, and Majapahit.
• 😀 Mataram Kuno was founded by King Sanja, with the dynasty divided into two main factions: the Sanjaya Dynasty (Hindu) and the Syailendra Dynasty (Buddhist).
• 😀 The conflict within Mataram Kuno arose due to religious differences between the two dynasties, leading to a marriage between Rakai Pikatan (Hindu) and Pramawardhani (Buddhist) to unite the factions.
• 😀 After internal conflicts and a volcanic eruption, Mataram's capital was moved to East Java, and the kingdom was later known as Mataram Jawa Timur.
• 😀 The downfall of Mataram was followed by the emergence of the Kediri Kingdom, which was established after the division of the original Mataram kingdom into Jenggala and Panjalu.
• 😀 Kediri’s economy thrived on agriculture, trade, and livestock, with key archaeological sites such as Candi Panataran and various inscriptions reflecting the kingdom’s cultural and religious significance.
• 😀 Singasari Kingdom was founded after the fall of Kediri, and its most famous king, Kertanegara, led expeditions to strengthen the kingdom’s influence, including the Pamalayu Expedition.
• 😀 Singasari faced internal conflicts, including the assassination of King Kertanegara by Jayakatwang, which eventually led to the establishment of the Majapahit Kingdom.
• 😀 Majapahit, founded by Raden Wijaya, flourished under King Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister Gajah Mada, who aimed to unite the archipelago under Majapahit's rule through the famous 'Sumpah Palapa.'
• 😀 The expansion of Islam in the later years of Majapahit’s rule and the kingdom's legacy can still be seen in various monuments, including the Sukuh and Cetho temples, and in historical texts like the Kitab Sutasoma.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video focuses on discussing the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia, including the kingdoms of Mataram Kuno, Kediri, Singasari, and Majapahit.

What is the significance of the Mataram Kuno kingdom?

Mataram Kuno was significant because it marked a period of political power in Central Java during the 8th to 10th centuries, with its rule divided between two dynasties: the Sanjaya Dynasty (Hindu) and the Syailendra Dynasty (Buddhist).

Why was there a conflict in Mataram Kuno after Rakai Panangkaran's death?

The conflict arose due to religious differences between the Hindu Sanjaya Dynasty and the Buddhist Syailendra Dynasty, leading to political tensions within the royal family.

How did the conflict between Rakai Pikatan and Balaputradewa unfold?

Rakai Pikatan, from the Sanjaya Dynasty, married Pramuwardhani, a member of the Syailendra Dynasty. This caused a conflict with her brother, Balaputradewa, who opposed the marriage, resulting in a battle where Rakai Pikatan emerged victorious.

What led to the relocation of the capital of Mataram Kuno?

The capital of Mataram Kuno was relocated due to a volcanic eruption and internal conflicts. The relocation occurred during the reign of Mpu Sindok, who moved the capital to East Java.

What was the outcome of the internal conflict in Mataram Kuno?

The internal conflict culminated in the establishment of Mataram in East Java, with the kingdom eventually splitting into two parts: the Kingdom of Kediri (Panjalu) and the Kingdom of Jenggala.

Who was the founder of the Kediri Kingdom and what led to its creation?

The Kediri Kingdom was founded by Airlangga, following the division of Mataram into Jenggala and Panjalu. Airlangga, after being forced to divide his kingdom, governed the Panjalu region, which became the Kediri Kingdom.

What role did the keris of Mpu Gandring play in the history of the Kediri Kingdom?

The keris of Mpu Gandring, which was used by Ken Arok to kill King Kertajaya, became a symbol of the curse placed upon Ken Arok. It was later used to kill Ken Arok and played a pivotal role in the creation of the Singasari Kingdom.

What was the cause of the Singasari Kingdom's downfall?

The Singasari Kingdom fell due to internal conflicts, particularly the assassination of Ken Arok by Anusapati, his stepson. This triggered a series of events that led to the rise of the Majapahit Kingdom.

How did Majapahit come to power, and what was its significance?

Majapahit was founded by Raden Wijaya after the fall of Singasari. It became one of the greatest empires in Southeast Asia, known for its political and cultural achievements, especially under King Hayam Wuruk.