Pemeriksaan Fisik Neurologi - Refleks Fisiologis & Refleks Patologis

Summary

This educational video demonstrates the process of conducting neurological reflex tests, focusing on both physiological and pathological reflexes. It includes step-by-step instructions for testing reflexes such as the biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patella, and Achilles tendon reflexes. The video also covers pathological reflexes like Babinski, Oppenheim, and Tromner's reflex, explaining how to correctly elicit and interpret responses to these tests. Aimed at medical professionals, the tutorial emphasizes correct technique and how to observe reflexive responses that may indicate neurological conditions.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video introduces the procedure for performing physical neurological assessments, focusing on reflex examinations.
• 😀 The first step involves the use of a hammer to perform a physiological reflex test, including brachioradialis, biceps, patellar, and Achilles tendon reflexes.
• 😀 For the biceps reflex, the examiner positions the patient's arm and taps the tendon, observing if the patient's hand moves, which indicates a positive reflex.
• 😀 The triceps reflex is assessed by placing the patient's arm in a specific position and tapping the triceps tendon, checking for hyporeflexia, normal reflex, or hyperreflexia.
• 😀 The brachioradialis reflex is performed by tapping the radial tendon area on the wrist, while the examiner observes if hyperreflexia or normal responses occur.
• 😀 The patellar reflex is tested with the patient sitting and their legs hanging. The examiner taps the patellar tendon, observing if there is a normal or abnormal reflex response.
• 😀 The Achilles tendon reflex involves dorsiflexing the patient's foot and tapping the Achilles tendon, with the goal of checking for normal reflex activity.
• 😀 After the physiological reflex tests, the focus shifts to pathological reflex tests, including Babinski, Oppenheim, and Hoffmann reflexes.
• 😀 The Babinski reflex is tested by scraping the lateral foot to the big toe, observing for dorsiflexion of the toes, which indicates a positive reflex.
• 😀 The Oppenheim reflex is assessed by scraping along the tibia and observing the patient's toes for any reflex signs, especially dorsiflexion.
• 😀 The Hoffmann reflex involves the examiner manipulating the patient's fingers to observe if there is any abnormal response, such as curling of the fingers, which indicates a positive result.

Q & A

What is the purpose of this video?

The video is designed to demonstrate and explain neurological physical separation, specifically focusing on physiological and pathological reflex tests.

Which reflexes are evaluated in the physiological reflex examination?

The physiological reflexes examined are the brachioradialis reflex, biceps reflex, triceps reflex, patellar reflex, and Achilles tendon reflex.

How is the biceps reflex tested?

The biceps reflex is tested by placing the patient's arm in a specific position, with the elbow supported. The examiner then strikes the biceps tendon while observing the patient's response to see if the hand moves, indicating a reflex.

What is the technique for testing the triceps reflex?

The triceps reflex is tested by positioning the patient's arm and palpating the triceps tendon at the elbow. The examiner then strikes the tendon and observes for any reflex response, such as hypo or hyperreflexia.

What is the procedure for assessing the brachioradialis reflex?

To test the brachioradialis reflex, the examiner holds the patient's wrist to stabilize it, then strikes the brachioradialis tendon while watching for any abnormal reflexes, including hyperreflexia or a normal response.

How is the patellar reflex tested?

The patellar reflex is tested with the patient seated, legs hanging loosely. The examiner palpates the patellar tendon, then strikes it and observes for normal or abnormal reflex responses.

What is the method for testing the Achilles tendon reflex?

For the Achilles tendon reflex, the patient’s foot is positioned in dorsiflexion, and the examiner strikes the Achilles tendon. The response is observed to assess for hypo, hyperreflexia, or a normal reflex.

What are pathological reflexes and how are they tested?

Pathological reflexes are abnormal reflex responses that may indicate neurological issues. They are tested through the Babinski reflex, Oppenheim reflex, and Tromner reflex. For the Babinski reflex, a stimulus is applied along the lateral side of the foot to observe for dorsiflexion of the toes.

How is the Babinski reflex tested?

The Babinski reflex is tested by scraping along the lateral side of the foot and observing for any dorsiflexion of the toes. If dorsiflexion occurs, the result is considered positive for the reflex.

What is the purpose of testing the Tromner reflex?

The Tromner reflex is tested by striking the third finger of the patient's hand while holding their wrist in place. If the first, second, fourth, and fifth fingers move or flex, it indicates a positive Tromner reflex.