Video Pembelajaran Kelas X Materi Ke 3 Kerajaan Bercorak Hindu Budha

Summary

The script explores the history of several major Indonesian kingdoms, highlighting their cultural, religious, and political developments. It begins with the Hindu Kutai kingdom in the 4th century, followed by the Tarumanegara and Sriwijaya kingdoms. The video also covers the Mataram, Singosari, and Majapahit kingdoms, detailing their leadership, major rulers, achievements, and eventual decline. Notable figures include Rajendra, Purnawarman, Samaratungga, and Hayam Wuruk. It also touches upon key events like the construction of significant temples, such as Borobudur and Prambanan, and military conflicts that led to the fall of these once-powerful empires.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kutai Kingdom was the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, founded in the 4th century CE in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
• 😀 The peak of Kutai's power occurred during the reign of King Mulawarman, and it eventually fell when King Maharaja Dharma Setia was killed in battle.
• 😀 The Tarumanegara Kingdom, established in the 4th century CE, was a Hindu kingdom located in western Java, with its golden age under King Purnawarman.
• 😀 Sriwijaya was a Buddhist kingdom that flourished from the 7th century CE, spanning regions from Southeast Asia, including parts of present-day Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
• 😀 The decline of Sriwijaya was caused by invasions from other kingdoms, such as Colamandala and Majapahit, along with the rise of Islam in Southeast Asia.
• 😀 The Mataram Kingdom, with Hindu and Buddhist influences, emerged in Central Java, featuring two prominent dynasties: the Syailendra and Sanjaya dynasties.
• 😀 King Samaratungga of the Syailendra dynasty is known for building the Borobudur, Mendut, and Sewu temples, while the Sanjaya dynasty produced the Prambanan temple.
• 😀 Mataram eventually shifted its base to East Java under the leadership of King Empu Sendok, marking the beginning of the Medang Kamulan kingdom.
• 😀 The Jenggala and Kediri kingdoms were formed after King Airlangga divided his kingdom between his sons to avoid conflicts, with the Kediri kingdom eventually falling due to internal strife.
• 😀 The Singosari Kingdom, established in the 13th century CE in East Java, saw numerous power struggles, including the rise of Ken Arok, who overthrew Tunggul Ametung and became the ruler of Tumapel.
• 😀 The Majapahit Kingdom, founded by Raden Wijaya in the 13th century, became a dominant force in Southeast Asia under the leadership of Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister, Gajah Mada.

Q & A

What was the first kingdom mentioned in the transcript?

The first kingdom mentioned is the Kutai Kingdom, which was the oldest Hindu-ruled kingdom in Indonesia, founded in the 4th century AD.

Where was the Kutai Kingdom located?

The Kutai Kingdom was located in Muara Kaman, East Kalimantan, specifically along the Mahakam River.

Who was the famous king that led the Kutai Kingdom?

The famous king of the Kutai Kingdom was King Asmawarman, and the kingdom reached its peak under the rule of King Mulawarman.

What important relics were left by the Kutai Kingdom?

The most significant relics of the Kutai Kingdom are the seven Yupa inscriptions.

What caused the downfall of the Kutai Kingdom?

The downfall of the Kutai Kingdom occurred when King Maharaja Dharma Setia was killed in battle by the 13th king of Kutai, Kartanegara.

Which kingdom followed the Kutai Kingdom in the transcript?

The next kingdom discussed is the Tarumanegara Kingdom, which also had a Hindu influence and was founded in the 4th century AD.

Who was the most famous king of the Tarumanegara Kingdom?

King Purnawarman was the most famous king of the Tarumanegara Kingdom, during whose reign the kingdom flourished.

What caused the decline of the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

Several factors contributed to the decline of the Sriwijaya Kingdom, including attacks by King Dharmawangsa, the Colamandala Kingdom, and the Majapahit Kingdom, as well as the rise of the Samudera Pasai Islamic Kingdom.

What were some of the main inscriptions from the Sriwijaya Kingdom?

Notable inscriptions from the Sriwijaya Kingdom include the Kedukan Bukit inscription, Talang Tuo inscription, Kota Kapur inscription, Telaga Batu inscription, Karang Birahi inscription, and Ligor inscription.

How did the Mataram Kingdom evolve and which two dynasties ruled it?

The Mataram Kingdom evolved through two dynasties: the Syailendra Dynasty, which brought Buddhism to the kingdom, and the Sanjaya Dynasty, which introduced Hinduism.

What significant constructions were made during the reign of King Samaratungga of the Syailendra Dynasty?

King Samaratungga of the Syailendra Dynasty built the famous Borobudur, Mendut, and Sewu Temples.

How did the Singosari Kingdom come to an end?

The Singosari Kingdom ended after a series of internal conflicts and assassinations, with King Kertanegara being killed in 1292 during a rebellion led by Jayakatwang.

What caused the downfall of the Majapahit Kingdom?

The downfall of the Majapahit Kingdom was influenced by internal conflicts, including the political tension surrounding the marriage of Amir Ueni to Dyah Pitaloka.