The 110 techniques of communication and public speaking | David JP Phillips | TEDxZagreb
Summary
TLDRIn this engaging talk, the speaker shares his journey of analyzing 5,000 public speakers to identify 110 core skills that distinguish good, great, and outstanding speakers. He highlights key skills, including effective body language, vocal techniques, and gestures, emphasizing that anyone can learn and improve these skills. Through demonstrations, he shows how subtle changes in presentation can significantly impact communication effectiveness. The talk concludes with practical tips on body language, voice modulation, and the importance of a genuine smile, inspiring listeners to enhance their public speaking abilities.
Takeaways
- 🎓 **110 Core Skills**: The speaker analyzed 5,000 public speakers to identify 110 core skills that contribute to effective public speaking.
- 📈 **Skill Application**: The more of these skills a speaker can apply, the more impactful their presentation becomes.
- 🤔 **Mediocrity vs Mastery**: There's a clear difference between a mediocre communicator and one who has mastered the art of public speaking.
- 🧍 **Body Language**: Open body language is crucial for connection and trust, while closed body language can signal a feeling of threat.
- 🙌 **Functional Gesturing**: Use hand gestures to emphasize points, show progression, or illustrate comparisons.
- 🤓 **Voice and Pace**: Speaking at a calm pace can make the content seem more important, whereas a fast pace may indicate a lack of interest or confidence.
- 📢 **Pause for Impact**: Pauses are powerful; they give the audience time to process information and can increase anticipation.
- 😊 **Duchenne Smile**: A genuine smile, engaging both the mouth and eyes, can make the speaker appear more approachable and can actually make them feel happier.
- 👀 **Eye Contact**: Making eye contact with the audience increases a speaker's presence and helps in building a connection.
- 🎤 **Voice Control**: Controlling the pitch, volume, and tone of your voice can greatly affect how your message is perceived.
- 🤝 **Combining Skills**: Just like in boxing, combining different public speaking skills can create a powerful and memorable presentation.
Q & A
What was the speaker's initial goal when embarking on the journey to analyze public speakers?
-The speaker's initial goal was to analyze 5,000 public speakers from all over the world, both amateurs and professionals, in order to understand what makes a good speaker good, a great speaker great, and an outstanding speaker outstanding.
How many core skills did the speaker identify as a result of his analysis?
-The speaker identified 110 core skills with loads of sub skills.
What is the implication of the number of skills identified for a TED talk?
-Given the large number of skills identified, it is not feasible to go through all 110 in a single TED talk.
What is the significance of the chair in the speaker's demonstration?
-The chair represents an idea or concept that the speaker wants the audience to believe in or buy into, symbolizing the power of effective communication.
What are the two options the speaker presents regarding communication?
-The two options are: being on one side of the chair as a mediocre communicator who hopes for the best, or being on the other side as a skilled communicator who knows exactly what to do to increase focus, empathy, trust, and anticipation.
What is the speaker's stance on whether everyone can become good at presentation skills?
-The speaker believes that everyone can become good at presentation skills, as they are not innate talents but rather skills that can be acquired and improved through practice and coaching.
What are the five most important skills the speaker focuses on for coaching?
-The speaker does not explicitly list the five skills in the provided transcript, but he mentions that he will focus on certain skills when coaching someone and also provides four bonus skills at the end.
What is the importance of open body language in communication?
-Open body language is important because it signifies a lack of threat and a willingness to engage, whereas closed body language can signal that a person feels threatened or defensive.
What is 'functional gesturing' and why is it important?
-Functional gesturing is the use of hand movements to emphasize or illustrate a point, showing that something is getting better, worse, or indicating a sequence. It is important because it enhances verbal communication and helps to convey meaning more effectively.
How does the pace of speech affect the audience's perception of importance?
-A slower pace can make the audience perceive the content as more important, as it suggests the speaker is taking time to ensure the message is understood. A faster pace might imply the speaker is not invested in the content.
Why is pausing considered an important aspect of public speaking?
-Pausing is important because it allows the audience to process the information, gives the speaker a moment for emphasis, and can create anticipation for what is coming next.
What is the 'Duquesne smile' and how did the speaker incorporate it into his personal development?
-The 'Duquesne smile' is a genuine smile that involves the entire face, including the eyes. The speaker incorporated it into his personal development by practicing it for six months until he could naturally produce it, which resulted in increased personal happiness and a more engaging presence on stage.
Outlines
🎤 The Art of Public Speaking Mastery
The speaker begins by sharing their passion for public speaking and their journey of analyzing 5,000 speakers to identify the core skills that differentiate good, great, and outstanding speakers. They introduce the concept of 110 core skills and sub-skills that contribute to effective communication. The speaker demonstrates how understanding and applying these skills can transform one's ability to communicate and persuade. They emphasize that anyone can acquire these skills through practice and experience, not just innate talent. The paragraph concludes with the speaker's intention to highlight the top skills that they focus on when coaching others.
🤔 The Impact of Body Language in Communication
This paragraph delves into the importance of body language in public speaking. The speaker discusses common closed body language positions that convey a sense of threat or discomfort, such as the fig leaf, double bunny, and Merkel positions. They advocate for open body language to enhance communication. The speaker also introduces the concept of functional gesturing, which involves using hand movements to emphasize points effectively. They illustrate the power of nonverbal communication by demonstrating how it can contradict or reinforce verbal messages, thereby affecting the audience's perception and understanding.
🎭 Enhancing Speech with Voice Control and Expression
The speaker shifts the focus to voice control and expression, starting with the pace of speech. They contrast a slow, deliberate pace that conveys importance with a rapid, monotonous pace that can bore the audience. The speaker then discusses the power of pauses, emphasizing their role in allowing the audience to process information and feel the speaker's emotions. They also address common filler words and phrases, such as 'um' and 'uh,' which can detract from a speaker's credibility and ethos. The speaker concludes this section by demonstrating the effectiveness of pauses and a measured pace in capturing the audience's attention.
😊 The Psychological Benefits of the Duquesne Smile
The speaker explores the impact of facial expressions, particularly the Duquesne smile, which involves smiling with both the mouth and the eyes. They discuss the psychological benefits of this genuine smile, including increased happiness, contentment, and relaxation. The speaker shares a personal anecdote about learning to perform the Duquesne smile and the positive changes they experienced as a result. They also provide a visual demonstration of the smile's evolution over several years, highlighting its transformative effect on their demeanor and well-being.
🥊 The Knockout Combination of Public Speaking Skills
In the final paragraph, the speaker likens the art of public speaking to a boxer's knockout combination, suggesting that certain skills, when combined, can have a powerful impact on the audience. They outline a sequence of skills, from body language to voice control, that can be used effectively in a public speaking engagement. The speaker concludes by reiterating the potential for anyone to become a great public speaker through the application of these skills, inspiring the audience to embrace the challenge and strive for excellence in their communication.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Public Speaking
💡Body Language
💡Core Skills
💡Functional Gesturing
💡Voice and Pace
💡Pause
💡Ethos, Logos, Pathos
💡Nonverbal Communication
💡Duquesne Smile
💡Audible Inhale
💡Self Laughter
💡Skill Combination
Highlights
Embarked on a journey to analyze 5,000 public speakers to understand what makes a good speaker, great speaker, or outstanding speaker.
Identified 110 core skills with sub-skills that contribute to effective public speaking.
Demonstrated how body language and gestures can significantly impact communication.
Highlighted the importance of maintaining open body language to avoid appearing threatened.
Explained the concept of functional gesturing and its role in emphasizing points during a speech.
Discussed the power of a calm pace in speech to convey importance and hold attention.
Emphasized the significance of pauses in speech for allowing the audience to process information.
Shared insights on the psychological impact of maintaining eye contact and its effect on presence.
Introduced the concept of the Duquesne smile and its positive effects on personal well-being and audience perception.
Provided a practical example of how to use small skills like audible inhale and self laughter to increase anticipation.
Stressed the importance of aligning body language with verbal communication to avoid discrepancies.
Outlined a combination of skills that can be used for effective public speaking, similar to a boxer's knockout combination.
Encouraged the audience to learn and improve their public speaking skills for personal and professional growth.
Suggested that anyone can become a good, great, or outstanding public speaker through practice and skill acquisition.
Presented a personal anecdote about learning the Duquesne smile and its transformative effect on happiness.
Used a metaphor of boxing to illustrate the power of combining different speaking skills for maximum impact.
Concluded with an inspiring message that public speaking skills are learnable and can lead to becoming a greater speaker.
Transcripts
alright ladies and gentlemen welcome to
to my passion and to my love and
according to my wife my mistress in life
seven years ago I embarked on a journey
to analyze 5,000 public speakers from
all over the world amateurs and
professionals in order to distill and
understand what makes a good speaker
good what makes a great speaker great
and what makes an outstanding speaker
outstanding the result 110 core skills
with loads of sub skills so what does it
look like it looks like this these are
the 110 core skills and the equation is
simple the more of them you fulfill the
greater you are now 110 skills that's
quite a tad too many to go through in
one TED talk don't you agree so what
I've done is I've picked out my absolute
favorites and I'd like to show you a
demonstration of what it can look like
imagine that this chair is something
that you want somebody else to believe
in you want somebody else to buy into
this this is your idea this is you
wanting to make your voice heard this
gives you two options either you're on
this side of the chair and you're a
fairly mediocre communicator you shoot
from the hip you hope for the best and
sometimes it works sometimes it doesn't
option number two is that you're on this
side of the chair and you know exactly
what you're doing in every instance of
time you know that by taking a step
forward you increase focus you know that
by tilting your head slightly to the
side you increase empathy you know that
by changing the pace of what you are
saying you increase focus
and you know that by shifting yourself
lower you increase trust and you know
that by lowering your voice
you get anticipation and you know for
absolute certain
you pause you get absolute and undivided
attention now the question then is can
everyone be on this side of the chair
can everyone become good at these skills
what do you think the answer is of
course it is why because it's cool
presentation skills skills skills skills
skills skills
it is not has never been I shall never
be called the talents you're not born
with a particular gene that makes you
brilliant on stage
something you acquire through life now
as I said 110 skills that's quite the
number so what I've chosen to do is I've
picked out the five would I say most
important skills whenever somebody comes
to me and they want coaching this is
what I focus on and then I'll actually
give you four bonus skills at the end as
well sounds okay so let's start with two
of my favorites from body language which
is skilled 34 and skill 69 that is not
intentional not 34 what am i doing what
could I be doing differently in this
case ladies and gentlemen it is an
absolute pleasure to have you here today
good of you to come what should I have
avoided
I should have avoided closing my body
language because whenever a human being
closest their body language it is a sign
that they feel threatened in one way or
another so I should have continued with
an open Lambada language so let's have a
look at number 69 which looks like this
I'll have to start up here so when a
presenter starts like this they go what
should I do better now ladies and
gentlemen welcome to one of the most
influential subjects known to mankind
now this will be super interesting we'll
be going through this you'll happy
having an amazing time
Wow it'll blow you away what should I
have avoided reversing look what a
double incorrect looks like it looks
like this ladies and gentlemen
absolutely pleasure to have you here and
good of you to come well a double
correct looks like this ladies and
gentlemen an absolute pleasure to have
you here
good of you to come is there a
difference of course there is the
biggest difference is in here I can feel
a difference while doing those two
versions you become what you are now
let's ask ourselves yeah but David the
clothes body language things what shall
I do with me hands what sure how where
shall I put them and the interesting
thing with the clothes body language is
that wherever I went all over the world
studying these people it seems like
we've got a general kind of locked body
language positions and I'll show you my
favorites that I've found we've
obviously got the classical fig leaf
position then we have the double bunny
position you have the right bunny
position the left bunny position their
right ha killed and the left tackle then
you have the forklift you of course have
the peacock with flapping elbows you
have the major the Merkel the prayer and
the beggar
one of my personal favorites is the the
British horse rider and the British
shores chloride er it look it's a person
who holds their hands like this puts it
just above the chest it's it's like
they're off somewhere Oh God Fox over
here and then we found two t-rexes as
well in the study such a weird thing
presenting like this or like this okay
so so you mean David that we need to
have an open body language yeah that's
what I mean and I'm not allowed to have
them in my pockets not allowed to have
them in my major or the double bunny
no shall I do with them then what you
should use them for is what is called
functional gesturing to show that
something is getting better well that
something is getting less good or that
it's one two three four five that we are
going to go through use your gestures
for what they're supposed to be used for
and what's interesting with this is that
if you imagine the time we've spent on
this planet as our race how much of that
time have we spent using gestures and
nonverbal communication in order to
communicate what we're saying is that
more than verbal absolutely give me let
me give you a demonstration of how
important this
I'll say something now and everything I
say will be super positive my facial
expressions will be super positive and
the way I say it will be super positive
but my hands will be saying the opposite
are you with me does this require some
focus all of you should learn more about
public speaking because if you do that
you will become better you will grow and
you will develop as a human being people
will love your presentations listening
to your arguments in just generally
loving whatever you're doing so do
yourself a great favor learn more about
this particular subject because you'll
be thanking yourself for the rest of
your life and particularly you have been
absolutely incredible so I thank you for
listening yeah
[Applause]
now the question is this did you listen
to what I was saying or what I was doing
I believe that you focused entirely on
what I was doing and that is the case
with body language and gestures if it's
not saying the same thing as what you're
saying verbally there's a discrepancy
and a disturbance in the communication
let's move on from body language to a
couple of tips on voice and the first
one I'm going to give you is about pace
so listen to this ladies and gentlemen
what I'm going to take you through now
is incredibly important now and for the
rest of your future life we'll go
through the cortex we'll go through the
limbic in the reptilian system we'll go
through a psychological advanced profile
where we tell you take you through the
entire steps of the structure will then
look at how that relates to Aristotle as
ethos logos and pathos and I'll carry on
in this pace compare that to this ladies
and gentlemen I'm now going to take you
through something that is entirely and
utterly boring something that you will
have no use of in your entire life
in every second spent listening to me
now and on will be a waste of time
and now look at your faces you're like
what that last bit I want more of that
that was super interesting the useless
stuff yet another brain so much I want
the second bit why because your brains
they react to when a person has a low
pace you think that what I'm saying is
more important than whenever have a high
pace because that illustrates that I
don't really want to be there there are
exceptions to this rule but that is the
basics so keep a calm pace my next tip
goes on pauses the pause is the pause
important absolutely it is so let me
give you a classical rhetorical proverb
now without pauses and it goes like this
did you know that every single decision
you've taken in your entire life and
will take for the rest of your life is
based on one thing and one thing only if
you give that to the people listening to
you that is the feeling that is what
will move them now allowed pauses and it
sounds like this did you know that every
single decision you've taken in your
entire life and you will take for the
rest of your life is based on one thing
and one thing only and that is an
emotion now if you give that emotion to
the people listening to you they will
take the decisions you want them to take
is there a difference absolutely but you
know what some people are afraid of the
pause so you go like woah am I gonna do
one of those I'm not I refuse I I prefer
to compromise and you know what the
compromise for a pause is what does it
sound like yeah
it's like a skok of sheep when you
listen to certain conferences but now
there's nothing among this 110 skills
that lowers your ethos and your
credibility more than Eng because it's
signals that you don't know what you are
saying and where you're going in your
talk so let me give you a demonstration
did you know that every single decision
you've taken in your entire life and
will take for the rest of your life is
based on one thing and one thing only
and that is a feeling
I think you prefer the one with silence
now those were the five main skills I
wanted to take you through and if you
haven't used them before and you start
using them as a public speaker they will
make a difference to your speech I would
like to treat you two for small skills
as well just to give you an appreciation
of how small a skill can be but still
will have a great impact it looks like
this and those were the four skills
did you follow them number one as I
looked up which illustrates that I'm
thinking which increases your your sense
of presence for me on stage the second
thing I did was that I did a audible
inhale which makes your brain believe
that I'm going to say something that's
exciting
I then combine that with a Duquesne
smile which means that I smile with my
mouth and with my eyes did you fall for
it
because what I did as well was this I
did a self laughter and also that
increases anticipation of what I'm going
to say so for small skills executed in
five seconds changes to the state of
your mind I'd like to pick out one of
those and just end off with that and
that is the Duquesne smile the King
smiles has in studies shown that you are
more likely to be married less likely to
be divorced you're happier you're more
content with life and you actually are
more relaxed in situations like this so
I asked myself am i decane smiling
person and to figure out I walked over
to my computer and I logged in and I
looked at all my 60,000 Google photos
they're not all of me but of family
members and others I looked at mine and
it seemed
my brain required short of a miracle to
do a Duquesne smile you know where you
smile with your entire face I thought
that's not fair
and considering the psychological
benefits I better learn this so I spend
not four but six months learning how to
do a decane smile and suddenly my brain
was launching decane smiles in just
everyday happiness it's beautiful and I
felt happier as a human being I want to
show you what it looks like every time I
go on my summer holidays I I take a
photo of myself and this were the last
year's of those photos this was 2014
there's no decay in smile 2015
definitely no decaying smile 2016
still no decay in smile 2017
no decaying smile this year Duchaine
smile does it make a difference
absolutely brings joy to you and
stability to me now we've come to the
end of this talk and I would like to end
with something that relates to boxing
you know Muhammad Ali and the lights
they have combinations for when they're
going to strike somebody knockout and
the same kind of combinations exist in
public speaking as well so what I'd like
to show you is this combination I'm
going to start with the number 34 go to
number 8 and then we'll carry on to six
to nine and nine to eight to six to
seven and 18 22 and a 101 and 21 are you
ready for the combination okay looks
like this ladies and gentlemen I hope
that you've had fun that you have learnt
but more than anything I hope that you
feel inspired to become a greater public
speaker because anybody can become good
anybody can come great and everybody can
become outstanding because it all comes
down to one
single thing
[Applause]
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