Landasan Teori

Summary

In this video, the instructor explains key concepts essential for research proposal writing, focusing on theory, frameworks, and hypotheses. The content covers the importance of literature review (tinjauan pustaka) in understanding the factors influencing the research variables. It explores how theories guide predictions and how past research contributes to current studies. The instructor also discusses how to form a theoretical framework (kerangka teoritik) that logically connects variables, followed by crafting hypotheses. The session emphasizes the significance of using up-to-date journal articles for literature reviews and explains how research questions lead to hypotheses that must be tested through empirical research.

Takeaways

• 😀 The importance of understanding theory in research: Theory helps explain and predict the phenomena being studied, especially in quantitative research.
• 😀 The function of theory: It not only explains existing findings but also allows researchers to predict and discover new factors that might influence variables.
• 😀 Literature review vs. theoretical foundation: A theoretical foundation (landasan teori) involves the theory itself, while a literature review (tinjauan pustaka) is the process of gathering relevant theories for the research topic.
• 😀 The two primary goals of a literature review: To understand the theoretical and empirical context of the research problem and to identify the factors influencing the variables under study.
• 😀 The benefits of conducting a literature review: It helps researchers gather necessary information, understand key concepts, and improve the speed and quality of their research work.
• 😀 Sources for literature review: The majority of references should come from recent academic journal articles (80%), with only 20% from books. This ensures access to up-to-date research findings.
• 😀 How to find relevant sources: Researchers can use tools like Google Scholar to access a wide variety of academic articles, which are often available for free in Indonesia.
• 😀 Components of a literature review: It includes definitions of variables, identification of their components, and an explanation of the factors influencing them.
• 😀 Conceptual framework (kerangka teoritik): This framework explains the logical relationships between variables and serves as the foundation for understanding how the variables interact.
• 😀 The role of hypotheses in research: A hypothesis is a tentative answer to the research question, based on the theoretical framework. It must be tested and verified through research.
• 😀 Connecting research title, problem statement, and hypothesis: These three components must align to ensure clarity and logical flow in research, whether it is descriptive, correlational, or experimental.

Q & A

What is the purpose of reviewing existing theories or conducting a literature review in research?

The purpose of reviewing existing theories, or conducting a literature review, is to gain relevant information about theories and previous studies that relate to the research topic. This helps in understanding factors that affect the variables being studied, identifying the indicators of those variables, and clarifying the definitions of the variables.

What is the difference between 'theoretical foundation' and 'literature review' in research?

The theoretical foundation refers to the established theories used in a study, while the literature review is the process of gathering related theories and studies to inform the research. In other words, the theoretical foundation is the theory itself, while the literature review is the activity of gathering relevant theory-based information.

What are the two main functions of theory in quantitative research?

The two main functions of theory in quantitative research are: 1) Explaining empirical generalizations or the results of previous studies, and 2) Helping researchers predict and develop new hypotheses or findings based on existing theories.

What should be the primary sources for obtaining information in a literature review?

The primary sources for obtaining information in a literature review are books (for foundational theories) and journal articles (for the latest research, typically from the last five years). Journals should make up about 80% of the references, while books should account for 20%.

What is the difference between 'indicators' and 'aspects' in the context of research variables?

In research, 'indicators' are specific, measurable characteristics that define an aspect of a variable, while 'aspects' are broader components that describe the variable. For example, in studying academic procrastination, an 'aspect' might be 'time-wasting,' and the 'indicators' for this could be 'deliberately delaying important tasks.'

What is the purpose of a theoretical framework in research?

The theoretical framework, or conceptual framework, explains the relationships between variables in a study. It provides a logical and evidence-based explanation of how and why these variables interact, often supported by theories and empirical data.

What is a research hypothesis, and how is it related to research questions?

A research hypothesis is a tentative answer to the research question based on existing theories and knowledge. It is tested through research to determine its validity. The hypothesis is directly related to the research question, as it is derived from it and provides a potential solution that the research will investigate.

What are the key components of a literature review in research?

A literature review typically includes the following key components: 1) Definitions of the main variables, 2) Identification of components or aspects of the variables, and 3) An exploration of factors that influence these variables. For example, in researching academic procrastination, the review would cover its definition, key components like time-wasting, and factors such as emotional regulation.

Why is it important to use recent journal articles in research?

Using recent journal articles is crucial because they provide up-to-date findings and the latest theories related to the research topic. They offer insights into current trends and discoveries, which are essential for building on existing knowledge and making relevant contributions to the field.

How can understanding existing theories help researchers develop new research questions?

Understanding existing theories allows researchers to identify gaps or unanswered questions in current knowledge. By reviewing theories and empirical studies, researchers can predict new variables or factors, refine their research focus, and develop hypotheses that explore unexplored aspects of the topic.