DIVISÕES DO SISTEMA NERVOSO | MK Fisiologia

Summary

This educational video simplifies the complex divisions of the nervous system, focusing on its anatomical, embryological, and functional aspects. The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are explained, along with their roles in processing and transmitting information. The video also delves into the sensory and motor systems, highlighting their somatic and visceral components, and explains how these systems work to detect external and internal stimuli and generate responses. Additionally, the segmental and suprasegmental divisions of the nervous system are briefly covered, giving viewers a comprehensive understanding of this essential topic in human physiology.

Takeaways

• 😀 The nervous system is divided into three main types of divisions: anatomical, embryological, and functional.
• 😀 Anatomically, the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
• 😀 The CNS consists of the brain (encephalon) and spinal cord, both located inside the axial skeleton (skull and vertebral column).
• 😀 The PNS includes nerves and ganglia located outside the axial skeleton, linking the CNS to various body organs.
• 😀 Nerves can be cranial (originating from the brain) or spinal (originating from the spinal cord), transmitting sensory or motor information.
• 😀 Ganglia are dilated nerve areas where the cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS are found, like the dorsal root ganglia.
• 😀 The embryological division focuses on the development of the nervous system, with the CNS originating from the neural tube during embryogenesis.
• 😀 The embryological stages involve three primary vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, which further develop into brain structures.
• 😀 Functionally, the nervous system is divided into sensory and motor systems, which handle the reception of information and generation of responses, respectively.
• 😀 The sensory system is further divided into somatic (processing body-wide sensory information) and special sensory systems (involving senses like vision and hearing).
• 😀 The motor system is divided into somatic (controlling skeletal muscles) and visceral (controlling involuntary muscle movements and organ functions), with the latter also referred to as the autonomic nervous system.

Q & A

What are the main divisions of the nervous system discussed in the video?

The video discusses the anatomical, embryological, and functional divisions of the nervous system.

What is the anatomical division of the nervous system?

The anatomical division splits the nervous system into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes nerves and ganglia outside the CNS.

What structures are part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The CNS includes the brain (encephalon) and the spinal cord (medulla spinalis), which are located inside the skull and vertebral column.

What is the role of ganglia in the nervous system?

Ganglia are enlargements of nerves that contain groups of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS. They play a key role in transmitting signals between the PNS and CNS.

What are the primary components of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

The PNS includes nerves and ganglia that are located outside the skull and vertebral column. It connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

How does the nervous system develop according to embryological divisions?

During development, the nervous system originates from the neural tube, forming three primary brain vesicles: the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, which then further differentiate into the brain structures.

What is the difference between the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon in embryological development?

The prosencephalon develops into the telencephalon and diencephalon (which form the cerebrum and other structures); the mesencephalon forms the midbrain; and the rhombencephalon develops into the metencephalon (cerebellum and pons) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata).

What is the functional division of the nervous system?

The functional division separates the nervous system into two primary parts: the sensory system, which detects and processes information from both the external and internal environment, and the motor system, which generates responses to this information.

What is the difference between somatic and visceral systems in the sensory and motor divisions?

The somatic system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles and sensory information from the body, while the visceral system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. The visceral motor system is also known as the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

What are segmental and suprasegmental divisions of the nervous system?

Segmental divisions refer to parts of the nervous system that can be divided into segments, such as the spinal cord and brainstem. Suprasegmental divisions refer to higher brain structures, like the cerebrum, that are not segmented.

Why is understanding the functional division important for studying the nervous system?

Understanding the functional division helps in comprehending how the nervous system detects, processes, and responds to stimuli, which is essential for understanding its physiological functions and control over body responses.

What is the significance of ganglia, and can some be considered part of the CNS?

Ganglia are typically part of the PNS, but some, like the optic nerve, can be considered part of the CNS because they are located inside the cranial cavity.