Biomedical Instrumentation- X-RAY Machine

Anet Jose
27 Jun 202002:41

Summary

TLDRThis lecture introduces the basic components of an X-ray machine and their functions. Key elements discussed include the power supply arrangement, where step-up and step-down transformers regulate voltage for the anode and cathode; the aluminum filter, which blocks low-energy X-rays to improve image quality; the collimator, used to shape the X-ray beam; and the X-ray imaging device, where the beam interacts with a fluorescent screen to produce an image. The lecture emphasizes how each component contributes to the overall process of X-ray imaging and patient safety.

Takeaways

  • 😀 Power supply arrangement is crucial for operating the X-ray machine, involving both low AC and high DC voltage.
  • 😀 The X-ray tube consists of an anode and cathode, each supplied with different voltage types (AC for cathode, DC for anode).
  • 😀 A step-down transformer is used to supply low AC voltage to the cathode.
  • 😀 A step-up transformer increases the AC voltage before it is rectified and supplied to the anode.
  • 😀 Aluminum filters are used to block low-energy X-rays, which can decrease image contrast and are absorbed by patient tissues.
  • 😀 Low-energy X-rays are ineffective for imaging and can harm image quality by reducing contrast.
  • 😀 The collimator, also known as a beam-limiting device, shapes the X-ray beam before it reaches the patient.
  • 😀 Collimators are placed between the X-ray tube and the patient to control the direction and size of the X-ray beam.
  • 😀 The X-ray imaging device includes a fluorescent screen that captures the X-ray beam after it passes through the body part being examined.
  • 😀 The fluorescent screen emits visible light when exposed to X-rays, allowing the image to be seen.

Q & A

  • What are the basic components of an X-ray machine?

    -The basic components of an X-ray machine include the power supply arrangement, X-ray tube, aluminum filter, collimator, and X-ray imaging device.

  • How does the power supply arrangement work in an X-ray machine?

    -The power supply arrangement involves two transformers: a step-down transformer to supply low AC voltage to the cathode, and a step-up transformer to increase AC voltage, which is then rectified to provide high DC voltage to the anode.

  • What is the role of the X-ray tube in the X-ray machine?

    -The X-ray tube consists of an anode and a cathode. The cathode receives low AC voltage and the anode receives high DC voltage. This arrangement is essential for generating X-rays within the tube.

  • Why is an aluminum filter used in an X-ray machine?

    -An aluminum filter is used to block low-energy X-rays that would decrease image contrast and be heavily absorbed by the patient's soft tissue, reducing the overall image quality.

  • What is the purpose of the collimator in an X-ray machine?

    -The collimator is a beam-limiting device placed between the X-ray tube and the patient. It shapes the X-ray beam to focus it on the area of the body being examined.

  • What are low-energy X-rays and why are they removed from the X-ray beam?

    -Low-energy X-rays are less effective at creating clear images and can be absorbed by the patient's soft tissue. Removing them improves image contrast and reduces unnecessary radiation exposure.

  • How does the X-ray imaging device create an image?

    -After the X-ray beam passes through the patient, it strikes a fluorescent screen. The material in the screen emits visible light when hit by the X-rays, which then creates the visible image for diagnosis.

  • What happens if the X-ray beam is not properly collimated?

    -If the X-ray beam is not properly collimated, it may irradiate unnecessary areas of the patient’s body, leading to increased radiation exposure and reduced image clarity.

  • Why is it important to have high DC voltage at the anode in the X-ray tube?

    -High DC voltage at the anode is necessary to accelerate the electrons that generate X-rays when they collide with the anode, which is a key process in X-ray production.

  • How does the X-ray machine minimize radiation exposure to the patient?

    -The X-ray machine minimizes radiation exposure through the use of aluminum filters to block low-energy X-rays, collimation to limit the area exposed, and by generating only the necessary amount of X-rays for imaging.

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X-ray MachineMedical EquipmentPower SupplyImaging DeviceMedical TechnologyX-ray TubeHealth ScienceRadiologyX-ray FilterMedical StudentsDiagnostic Tools
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