Sejarah Perjuangan Ki Hajar Dewantara | Hari Pendidikan Nasional

Summary

The video commemorates National Education Day in Indonesia, which falls on May 2, honoring the contributions of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the Father of National Education. The video explores his life, from his early education to his role as a journalist and nationalist. Ki Hajar Dewantara's pivotal contributions to education led to the founding of Taman Siswa, an institution dedicated to nationalistic and accessible education. His famous educational philosophy, 'Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo,' still resonates in Indonesian education today. The video celebrates his legacy, which includes National Education Day and the dedication of public monuments in his honor.

Takeaways

• 😀 Hari Pendidikan Nasional (National Education Day) is celebrated on May 2nd in honor of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the Father of National Education in Indonesia.
• 😀 Ki Hajar Dewantara was born on August 26, 1889, in Yogyakarta, from a noble family in the Pakualaman palace.
• 😀 Despite his privileged background, he faced challenges under Dutch colonial rule and had limited access to formal education, completing schooling in a European system before studying at a medical school.
• 😀 He started his career as a journalist and writer, contributing to various newspapers and becoming known for his anti-colonial stance.
• 😀 Ki Hajar Dewantara was a prominent figure in nationalist movements and co-founded the *Indische Partij*, advocating for Indonesia’s independence.
• 😀 His famous article *'Andai Aku Seorang Belanda'* (If I Were a Dutchman) criticized Dutch colonial policies and their exploitation of Indonesians.
• 😀 In 1913, he was exiled by the Dutch government for his writings but later continued his work in education, which significantly influenced Indonesia’s educational landscape.
• 😀 Ki Hajar Dewantara returned to Indonesia in 1919 and founded *Tamansiswa*, a school aimed at promoting nationalist education for Indonesians.
• 😀 He adopted the name Ki Hajar Dewantara, shedding his noble title to establish a closer connection with the common people.
• 😀 His educational philosophy is encapsulated in the famous slogan: *Ing Ngarso Sung Tulodo, Ing Madyo Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani*, meaning 'In front, set an example; in the middle, build enthusiasm; behind, give encouragement.'
• 😀 Ki Hajar Dewantara's legacy is commemorated through various forms, including his image on currency and the naming of an Indonesian warship after him, the KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara.

Q & A

What is the significance of Hari Pendidikan Nasional (National Education Day) in Indonesia?

Hari Pendidikan Nasional, celebrated on May 2nd each year, honors the importance of education in Indonesia and commemorates the contributions of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the Father of National Education.

Who was Ki Hajar Dewantara, and why is he important in Indonesia's history?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was an Indonesian nationalist and educator, known for his significant role in shaping Indonesia's educational system. He is celebrated for establishing Tamansiswa school and for his educational philosophy that emphasizes teaching through example, encouragement, and support.

What was Ki Hajar Dewantara's birth name, and where was he born?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was born as Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat on May 2, 1889, in Yogyakarta, from a noble family within the Kraton Yogyakarta.

Why did Ki Hajar Dewantara not finish his studies?

Ki Hajar Dewantara could not finish his studies due to illness after attending the Stovia, a medical school for the native Indonesian population under Dutch colonial rule.

What role did Ki Hajar Dewantara play in the nationalist movement?

Ki Hajar Dewantara was an active participant in the nationalist movement, co-founding organizations like Budi Utomo and the Indische Partij, and using his writings to inspire anti-colonial sentiment.

What is the significance of the 1913 article 'Andai Aku Seorang Belanda' by Ki Hajar Dewantara?

'Andai Aku Seorang Belanda' ('If I Were Dutch') was a critical article by Ki Hajar Dewantara in which he condemned the Dutch for celebrating their own independence while exploiting Indonesia, highlighting the injustice of forcing Indonesians to contribute to a colonial celebration.

How did the Dutch colonial government respond to Ki Hajar Dewantara's activism?

Due to his critical writings and activism, Ki Hajar Dewantara was exiled without trial to the island of Bangka and later to the Netherlands, where he continued his studies in education.

What was Tamansiswa, and why was it important?

Tamansiswa, founded by Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1922, was a school designed to reflect his educational philosophy, emphasizing national pride, independence, and an approach to teaching that encouraged student participation and creativity.

What is the meaning of the slogan 'Ing Ngarsa Sung Tulodo, Ing Madya Mangun Karso, Tut Wuri Handayani'?

This slogan, central to Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy, translates to 'In front, give an example; in the middle, provide encouragement; and from behind, offer support,' highlighting the roles of a teacher in guiding students.

How is Ki Hajar Dewantara's legacy remembered in Indonesia today?

Ki Hajar Dewantara's legacy is honored through Hari Pendidikan Nasional, the naming of a warship (KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara), and his portrait featured on the 20,000 Rupiah banknote, all reflecting his lasting impact on Indonesia's educational system.