Materi Theory Reasoned Action & Theory of Planned Behavior

Summary

This video explains two influential theories of behavioral change: the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). TRA focuses on the role of intention in behavior, influenced by behavioral and normative beliefs, while TPB extends TRA by adding the factor of perceived behavioral control, reflecting an individual’s confidence in performing the behavior. Through an example of exclusive breastfeeding, the video demonstrates how attitudes, social norms, and perceived control combine to influence behavior. The speaker emphasizes the rational, planned nature of human actions, with both theories emphasizing the importance of conscious decision-making.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) focuses on how behavior is driven by intention, which is influenced by attitudes and subjective norms.
• 😀 According to TRA, attitudes are formed based on behavioral beliefs, which are evaluations of the outcomes (pros and cons) of a behavior.
• 😀 Subjective norms, or social influences, play a key role in shaping intentions to behave in a certain way, influenced by family, friends, and society.
• 😀 TRA assumes that people act rationally, carefully considering information and the consequences before taking action.
• 😀 The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is an extension of TRA, adding perceived behavioral control (self-efficacy) as a third influencing factor.
• 😀 TPB suggests that individuals consider not only their attitudes and social influences but also their ability to perform a behavior before deciding to act.
• 😀 Perceived behavioral control in TPB reflects how confident individuals are in their ability to carry out a behavior, influenced by past experiences and available resources.
• 😀 TPB and TRA share the assumption that individuals make decisions based on rational thinking, incorporating available information and perceived consequences.
• 😀 The Theory of Reasoned Action involves two main factors: behavioral beliefs (leading to attitudes) and normative beliefs (leading to subjective norms).
• 😀 The TPB's addition of perceived behavioral control helps explain why some individuals may not follow through with intentions despite positive attitudes and social support.
• 😀 The example of exclusive breastfeeding illustrates how attitudes (knowledge of benefits), subjective norms (family support), and perceived control (confidence in ability) can influence behavior, like breastfeeding.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)?

The main focus of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) is that human behavior is driven by intention, which is influenced by two factors: behavioral beliefs (beliefs about the outcomes of a behavior) and normative beliefs (societal norms or opinions). These factors shape an individual's intention and, in turn, their behavior.

How does the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) differ from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)?

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) extends the Theory of Reasoned Action by adding an additional factor: perceived behavioral control. This factor considers whether individuals believe they have the ability or resources to perform a behavior, addressing the external constraints or facilitators that might impact their intention and behavior.

What is the role of 'behavioral beliefs' in TRA?

In TRA, behavioral beliefs are the beliefs about the outcomes or consequences of a behavior. They influence an individual's attitude toward the behavior, such as whether they believe a behavior is beneficial or harmful, which in turn affects their intention to perform that behavior.

What does 'normative belief' refer to in the context of TRA?

Normative belief refers to the societal norms or opinions that influence an individual's behavior. These norms can be derived from cultural values, societal expectations, or opinions of those around the individual. They affect how the individual perceives the social pressure to engage in a certain behavior.

Can you explain the concept of 'subjective norm' in TRA?

Subjective norm in TRA is the individual's perception of social pressure to perform or not perform a behavior. It arises from normative beliefs and influences an individual’s intention to act, whether they feel supported or discouraged by their social environment.

How does perceived behavioral control influence behavior in TPB?

Perceived behavioral control in TPB refers to the individual's belief in their ability to perform a behavior. It includes factors like personal experiences or external support that might facilitate or hinder their ability to engage in the behavior. This perception of control, combined with attitude and subjective norm, directly influences their intention and likelihood of performing the behavior.

Why is the Theory of Planned Behavior considered an improvement over TRA?

The Theory of Planned Behavior is considered an improvement over TRA because it includes the factor of perceived behavioral control, which accounts for external factors or personal experiences that influence whether an individual feels capable of performing the behavior. This makes TPB a more comprehensive and accurate predictor of behavior.

How do 'control beliefs' contribute to TPB?

Control beliefs in TPB refer to the individual’s perception of the ease or difficulty of performing a behavior, influenced by personal experience or external factors. These beliefs contribute to perceived behavioral control, which affects the person’s intention and behavior.

What is an example of how the Theory of Planned Behavior can be applied in real life?

An example of applying TPB in real life is the decision to engage in exclusive breastfeeding. If a mother understands the benefits of breastfeeding (behavioral belief), is supported by her family and community (normative belief), and believes she has the ability to breastfeed (perceived behavioral control), she is more likely to form the intention to breastfeed and actually follow through with it.

What is the role of 'normative beliefs' in shaping behavior according to TPB?

In TPB, normative beliefs, similar to TRA, involve societal or external influences that affect how individuals perceive the expectations of others. These beliefs can shape the individual’s subjective norm and, consequently, their intention to perform a behavior. Positive social support can encourage the behavior, while negative social pressure can discourage it.