Sistem Informasi - Konsep Dasar Sistem

Summary

In this lecture on information systems, the instructor introduces foundational concepts, defining systems through procedural and subsystem approaches. Key characteristics include objectives, inputs, processes, outputs, boundaries, environments, controls, and feedback. The discussion emphasizes the importance of clear objectives and the roles of inputs and outputs in system functionality. The lecture further explores subsystems and super systems, interface interactions, and system classifications such as abstract vs. physical, deterministic vs. probabilistic, and open vs. closed systems. The session concludes with a promise to delve into data and information concepts in the next meeting.

Takeaways

• 😀 The concept of a system can be understood through two main approaches: procedural and subsystem.
• 🔄 The procedural approach defines a system as a network of related activities aimed at achieving specific goals.
• 🔗 The subsystem approach emphasizes the interrelated components working together to achieve a common objective.
• 🎯 Every system has a purpose, which serves as a motivator and guide; without it, the system becomes directionless.
• 📥 Inputs are the elements that enter a system to be processed, which can be tangible or intangible.
• ⚙️ The process transforms inputs into useful outputs, which can include products or information.
• 📤 Outputs are the results of processed information and can serve as inputs for other subsystems.
• 🛑 Boundaries define the limits of a system, distinguishing it from its environment and determining its capabilities.
• 🌍 The environment encompasses external factors that influence the system, including both positive and negative impacts.
• 🔄 Subsystems and supersystems illustrate the hierarchical relationship between systems, where smaller systems operate within larger ones.

Q & A

What are the two approaches to defining a system?

The two approaches to defining a system are the procedural approach and the subsystem approach. The procedural approach emphasizes the sequence of activities, while the subsystem approach focuses on the components that work together to achieve a specific goal.

What is meant by 'inputs' in a system?

Inputs refer to anything that enters the system to be processed. They can be tangible, like raw materials, or intangible, like information.

How does the process function within a system?

The process is responsible for transforming inputs into outputs that are useful. This transformation can involve creating valuable products or information, but it can also generate waste.

What distinguishes outputs from inputs?

Outputs are the results of the processing stage in a system, which can be used as inputs for other subsystems. Outputs include useful products, information, or reports.

What is the significance of boundaries in a system?

Boundaries define the limits of the system, separating it from the external environment. They help in determining the system's scope and capabilities.

What role does the environment play in a system?

The environment includes external entities that can influence the system. These influences can be positive, enhancing performance, or negative, posing challenges that must be managed.

What is the difference between subsystems and supersystems?

Subsystems are smaller systems within a larger system, while supersystems are larger systems that encompass multiple subsystems. For example, a local government can be a subsystem of a provincial government, which is a supersystem.

How are systems classified based on their nature?

Systems can be classified as abstract or physical, deterministic or probabilistic, and open or closed. Abstract systems are conceptual, while physical systems are tangible. Deterministic systems have predictable outcomes, whereas probabilistic systems involve uncertainty.

What is meant by 'feedback' in a system?

Feedback is the mechanism used to control a system, ensuring that outputs are aligned with desired goals. It involves comparing actual outputs to expected outputs and making adjustments as necessary.

What topics will be discussed in the next session?

The next session will cover the fundamental concepts of data and information, following the discussion on the basic concepts of information systems.