Teori Kebenaran dalam Filsafat Ilmu

Summary

This lecture discusses four major theories of truth in philosophy: correspondence, coherence, pragmatism, and performativity. It starts by exploring the correspondence theory, where truth is based on the alignment between statements and empirical reality. The coherence theory emphasizes logical consistency within a system of statements. Pragmatism, popularized in America, defines truth based on practical utility. Finally, the performative theory links truth to power and authority, demonstrating how truth can change depending on who controls dominant discourses. Each theory offers a unique lens on understanding truth in philosophical inquiry.

Takeaways

• 📚 The discussion focuses on four theories of truth in philosophy: Correspondence, Coherence, Pragmatic, and Performative theories.
• 🔍 The Correspondence theory asserts that truth is determined by the alignment between statements or concepts and empirical reality.
• 🧠 In the Coherence theory, truth is based on the logical consistency between various propositions, even without empirical verification.
• 🛠️ The Pragmatic theory of truth, popular in American philosophy, emphasizes the practical usefulness or functional value of a statement in real life.
• 👑 The Performative theory of truth looks at how power and authority determine what is considered true in a given society.
• 📝 The Correspondence theory is often rooted in realism and empiricism, where a statement is true if it matches observable facts.
• ⚖️ The Coherence theory values logical consistency, dismissing the need for empirical confirmation if the arguments within a system are aligned.
• 💼 Pragmatic truth is concerned with the real-world consequences and practical implications of an idea, not its alignment with empirical data.
• 👥 The Performative theory shows how truth can change depending on who holds authority or power, influencing societal norms and values.
• 🌍 The lecture draws examples from sociology to illustrate these theories, such as examining the truth about social behaviors, academic performance, and the impact of dominant discourses.

Q & A

What are the main theories of truth discussed in the video?

The main theories of truth discussed are the correspondence theory, coherence theory, pragmatism, and performative theory.

What is the essence of the correspondence theory of truth?

The correspondence theory states that a statement is true if it corresponds with empirical reality. The truth is verified by checking if the statement aligns with the facts observed in the real world.

Can you give an example of how the correspondence theory works?

An example given is the statement 'All sociology students are knowledgeable about classical sociology.' To determine if this is true, one would need to empirically verify if all sociology students understand classical sociology.

How does the coherence theory of truth differ from the correspondence theory?

Unlike the correspondence theory, the coherence theory does not require alignment with empirical reality. Instead, it asserts that a statement is true if it logically fits with other consistent statements in a system of beliefs or propositions.

What is a key strength of the coherence theory?

A key strength of the coherence theory is its emphasis on internal consistency within a system of ideas. As long as propositions support each other without contradiction, they are considered true.

What is the focus of the pragmatism theory of truth?

Pragmatism focuses on the practical effects of a statement or idea. A statement is true if it proves to be useful or beneficial in practical life, rather than if it aligns with empirical facts.

How does the performative theory of truth define truth?

The performative theory defines truth based on power and authority. What is considered 'true' is determined by those who hold authority or control the dominant discourse in a given society.

Can you provide an example of performative truth from history?

An example of performative truth can be seen in the shifting attitudes toward sexuality during the Victorian era. What was once taboo became acceptable over time due to changes in social and political authority.

How does the correspondence theory handle subjective concepts like beauty?

The correspondence theory struggles with subjective concepts like beauty, as 'beauty' varies across individuals and cannot be empirically confirmed. For instance, the statement 'All sociology students are beautiful' would lead to subjective disagreements.

What is the relationship between power and truth in the performative theory?

In the performative theory, truth is directly linked to power. Those who control the dominant discourse or narrative have the ability to define what is accepted as true within society.