Cara Kerja AC central menggunakan cooling tower

Sapril Magas

25 Aug 202304:02

Summary

TLDRThis video explains how a central air conditioning system works, focusing on the three circulation systems: water cooling, refrigerant Chiller, and water Chiller. It begins with a detailed breakdown of how water cools the condenser in the cooling tower, followed by an explanation of refrigerant circulation in the compressor and how it regulates temperature. Finally, it covers how water circulation in the Chiller cools air in large spaces like malls and offices. Viewers are also reminded of the importance of proper maintenance to ensure efficient AC performance.

Takeaways

❄️ Central AC consists of three circulation systems: water circulation, refrigerant circulation, and water chiller circulation.
💧 Water cooling circulation moves water from the cooling tower to the condenser unit using a pump, cooling the water from 35°C to 30°C.
🌬️ Water flows through an uneven surface in the cooling tower to reduce temperature effectively.
🔥 Refrigerant circulation involves pumping refrigerant with a compressor to control pressure and temperature for optimal cooling.
📉 After passing through the capillary pipe, the refrigerant temperature drops significantly and turns into a liquid.
💨 In the evaporator, refrigerant undergoes a sudden drop in pressure and temperature, cooling the surrounding air.
🔄 The cold air generated by the evaporator is then used to cool the environment and is part of a continuous cycle.
💦 Water chiller circulation cools water to 6°C in the evaporator before it circulates to the AHU (Air Handling Unit).
🏢 The AHU distributes cool air to large spaces like malls, offices, hotels, and production rooms.
🛠️ Proper maintenance of the cooling tower and water chiller system, such as keeping the water pH balanced, prevents issues like overheating, leaks, and corrosion.

Q & A

What are the three main circulation systems in a central AC system?
-The three main circulation systems in a central AC system are: 1) Water circulation from the cooling tower, 2) Refrigerant circulation in the chiller, and 3) Water circulation in the chiller system.
How does the water circulation system from the cooling tower work?
-The water circulation from the cooling tower uses a pump to move water from the cooling tower to the condenser unit. The water heats up to 35°C in the condenser and is then cooled down to 30°C as it passes through the cooling tower, where fans and media fillers help to reduce the temperature.
What role does the condenser play in the water circulation system?
-In the water circulation system, the condenser increases the temperature of the water to 35°C before it is sent to the cooling tower for cooling. This process repeats continuously to maintain the system's efficiency.
How does refrigerant circulation in the central AC system function?
-Refrigerant circulation involves the refrigerant being pumped by a compressor to the condenser, where its temperature is lowered. It then passes through the capillary expansion pipe, reducing its temperature and becoming a liquid, which is then circulated through the evaporator to absorb heat from the surrounding air.
What is the function of the capillary expansion pipe in the refrigerant circulation?
-The capillary expansion pipe reduces the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant as it passes through it. This helps turn the refrigerant into a cooler liquid before it enters the evaporator.
What happens in the evaporator during refrigerant circulation?
-In the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding area, cooling the air. This is where the temperature exchange occurs, and the refrigerant helps cool the air, which is then distributed to the space being conditioned.
What is the temperature range of the water in the water chiller system?
-In the water chiller system, the water is cooled to around 6°C in the evaporator and is then circulated to air handling units (AHU). After cooling the air, the water returns at a temperature of around 12°C to the evaporator to be cooled again.
How is the cooled air distributed in buildings with a central AC system?
-Cooled air is distributed through air handling units (AHU) using blowers. The cool air from the AHU is supplied to various spaces, such as malls, offices, hotels, and production rooms.
What maintenance practices are important for keeping a central AC system running efficiently?
-It is important to maintain the cleanliness of the AHU and cooling tower, monitor the water's pH levels, and follow proper maintenance procedures to prevent overheating, leaks, or corrosion in the system.
Why is it essential to maintain the cooling tower and water chiller properly?
-Proper maintenance of the cooling tower and water chiller ensures that the AC system does not overheat or develop leaks or corrosion, which can reduce efficiency and lead to damage.

Outlines

00:00

🌬️ Introduction to Central AC System Operations

This paragraph provides an introduction to the video, which explains how a central air conditioning (AC) system works. It begins by thanking the viewers for subscribing, commenting, and sharing the video. The speaker introduces the three main circulation systems of a central AC system: water cooling tower circulation, refrigerant circulation, and water chiller circulation. The video aims to explain the roles of these components and how they function to maintain the cooling process.

💧 Water Cooling Tower Circulation Explained

This section focuses on the water cooling circulation process. Water flows from the cooling tower to the condenser using a pump. During this process, the water temperature rises to 35°C before it is cooled down in the cooling tower, where a fan helps bring the temperature back down to 30°C. This cycle continues with water moving between the cooling tower and the condenser to manage heat in the system.

❄️ Refrigerant Circulation in Central AC

The paragraph delves into the refrigerant circulation system, which is essential for cooling in the AC unit. A compressor pumps the refrigerant to the condenser, where its high temperature is reduced. As the refrigerant passes through capillary tubes, its temperature drops further, turning into a liquid. This process is crucial for the evaporator unit to absorb room heat and convert it into cool air. The refrigerant then returns to the compressor to repeat the cycle, maintaining the cooling process.

🌊 Water Chiller Circulation and Cooling Process

This part describes the water chiller circulation system, where water inside the evaporator is cooled to 6°C. The cooled water is circulated to the air handling unit (AHU) using pumps, where it absorbs heat from room air. The blower distributes the cool air to spaces like malls, offices, hotels, and production areas. Once the water absorbs heat and reaches 12°C, it returns to the evaporator to be cooled again, continuing the cycle. Regular maintenance of the cooling tower and AHU is recommended to avoid corrosion or system malfunctions.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Central AC

Central AC, or central air conditioning, is a system designed to cool large spaces such as malls, offices, hotels, and production rooms. The video explains how central AC consists of multiple circulation systems that work together to regulate temperature and ensure efficient cooling.

💡Cooling Tower

A cooling tower is a component used in the water circulation system of the central AC to reduce the temperature of water. In the video, water from the condenser at 35°C passes through the cooling tower, where the temperature is reduced to 30°C, allowing for effective heat dissipation.

💡Condenser

The condenser is a unit within the AC system where heat exchange occurs to cool down the refrigerant. The video explains that water at a high temperature flows through the condenser, and then circulates to the cooling tower for cooling. This process repeats to maintain efficient heat transfer.

💡Refrigerant

Refrigerant is a substance used to absorb and release heat during the cooling cycle. In the video, the refrigerant circulates through the system using a compressor, and undergoes changes in temperature and pressure to achieve the desired cooling effect. The refrigerant plays a crucial role in reducing air temperature through heat absorption.

💡Compressor

The compressor is a component that pumps the refrigerant through the system, increasing its pressure and temperature. The video describes how the compressor moves the refrigerant to the condenser, which then cools it. Compressors are essential for maintaining the flow and thermodynamic state of the refrigerant.

💡Evaporator

The evaporator is a unit where the refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, causing a drop in temperature. In the video, after passing through a capillary tube, the refrigerant enters the evaporator and causes the temperature and pressure to drop significantly, allowing it to absorb heat and cool the air.

💡Water Chiller

A water chiller is part of the water circulation system that cools water to a specific temperature, such as 6°C. The video explains how chilled water is circulated to air handling units (AHU) to provide cool air for large indoor spaces. The water chiller system helps to maintain the required temperature for effective cooling.

💡Air Handling Unit (AHU)

An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is a device used to condition and distribute air throughout a building. The video mentions how chilled water circulates to the AHU, which is equipped with a blower to distribute cool air into the environment. AHUs are essential for ensuring even temperature distribution in central AC systems.

💡Capillary Tube

A capillary tube is a small-diameter pipe that facilitates the drop in pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. The video discusses how the refrigerant passes through this tube to enter the evaporator at a much lower temperature and pressure, making it effective for cooling the surrounding air.

💡Heat Exchange

Heat exchange is the process of transferring heat from one medium to another. In the video, it occurs at multiple points, such as when refrigerant heat is dissipated in the condenser and when chilled water absorbs heat from indoor air in the AHU. Efficient heat exchange is fundamental to the cooling process in central AC systems.

Highlights

Explanation of how central AC works, focusing on temperature, pressure, and unit functions.

Central AC consists of three circulation systems: water cooling tower, refrigerant chiller, and water chiller.

Section A: Water cooling tower circulation explained. Water flows from the cooling tower to the condenser using a pump.

Cooling process: Water temperature rises to 35°C, passes through the cooling tower with a fan, and then cools to 30°C.

Water is circulated back to the condenser chiller, and the process repeats as water heats back up to 35°C.

Section B: Refrigerant circulation process in the compressor of central AC, where refrigerant's temperature and pressure are regulated.

The compressor pumps refrigerant to the condenser, reducing the high temperature after passing through it.

As refrigerant enters the capillary tube, it gradually cools and turns into a liquid.

Upon entering the evaporator, the refrigerant undergoes a rapid drop in pressure and temperature.

In the evaporator, cold air is generated by absorbing heat from the surrounding room.

Refrigerant then returns to the compressor, repeating the circulation process.

Section C: Water chiller circulation process explained, where water in the evaporator is cooled to 6°C.

Cold water is circulated to AHU (Air Handling Unit) using a pump, distributing cold air for central AC in large spaces.

Water temperature rises to 12°C after absorbing heat from the room, then circulates back to the evaporator to cool down again.

Regular maintenance of AHU and water cooling towers, including managing pH levels, helps prevent overheating and leaks.