Central air conditioning system working Animation

Summary

The video explains the centralized air conditioning system, commonly used in commercial buildings for large-scale cooling. It outlines the three main cycles: refrigerant, chilled water, and condenser water cycles, detailing their components and processes. The refrigerant cycle involves the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator, while the chilled water cycle focuses on air handling units and water pumps. The condenser water cycle is explained through cooling towers and pumps, emphasizing how heat transfer occurs efficiently in each stage. This overview helps students understand the functioning of centralized air conditioning systems.

Takeaways

• ❄️ The centralized air conditioning system is typically used for large cooling capacities, commonly in commercial settings.
• 🔄 The system comprises three main cycles: refrigerant cycle, chilled water cycle, and condenser water cycle.
• 🔧 Key components in the refrigerant cycle include the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator.
• ⚙️ The chilled water cycle primarily involves the air handling unit and water pump.
• 🌊 In the condenser water cycle, the cooling tower and water pump play crucial roles in the heat removal process.
• 🌀 The compressor increases refrigerant pressure and temperature to facilitate heat transfer in the condenser.
• 🌡️ The condenser removes heat from the refrigerant, condensing it from high-pressure gas to a high-pressure liquid.
• 💧 The expansion valve reduces refrigerant pressure and controls its flow into the evaporator, where it absorbs heat.
• 🌬️ In the air handling unit, chilled water cools the air by absorbing heat, with centrifugal pumps circulating the water.
• 🏗️ The cooling tower in the condenser water cycle cools down the water that absorbs heat from the refrigerant, ensuring continuous system function.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of a centralized air conditioning system?

A centralized air conditioning system is primarily used for large cooling capacity, typically for commercial purposes.

What are the three main cycles involved in a chiller system?

The three main cycles in a chiller system are the refrigerant cycle, the chilled water cycle, and the condenser water cycle.

What are the components involved in the refrigerant cycle?

The components involved in the refrigerant cycle are the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator.

What is the function of the compressor in the refrigerant cycle?

The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, facilitating heat transfer in the condenser.

What type of compressor is commonly used in chiller systems?

The type of compressor commonly used is the scroll compressor, which works based on the pressure difference between the suction and discharge lines.

How does the condenser contribute to the refrigerant cycle?

The condenser eliminates heat from the high-pressure gas refrigerant to the condenser water through convection and conduction.

What is the role of the filter dryer in the refrigerant cycle?

The filter dryer acts as a dirt filter and absorbs moisture, ensuring that the refrigerant is clean and dry before entering the expansion valve.

What is the purpose of the expansion valve in the refrigerant cycle?

The expansion valve reduces the pressure and controls the flow of refrigerant entering the evaporator, causing a dramatic drop in temperature.

How does the evaporator interact with the chilled water cycle?

The evaporator absorbs heat from the chilled water coming from the air handling unit, causing the refrigerant to evaporate into a low-pressure gas.

What are the components of the chilled water cycle?

The components of the chilled water cycle are the air handling unit and the water pump.

What is the function of the cooling tower in the condenser water cycle?

The cooling tower cools down the temperature of the condenser water, which is then used to absorb heat from the refrigerant at the condenser.

Outlines

00:00

❄️ Overview of Centralized Air Conditioning System

The first paragraph introduces the centralized air conditioning system, commonly used for large cooling capacities in commercial settings. It explains the three main cycles involved: the refrigerant cycle, chilled water cycle, and condenser water cycle. Key components of the refrigerant cycle include the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator. The process describes how the compressor raises refrigerant pressure and temperature, followed by the condenser, where heat is transferred to condenser water. The expansion valve lowers the refrigerant's pressure and temperature before it enters the evaporator to absorb heat. A detailed breakdown of how these components interact is provided, emphasizing how the refrigerant changes from gas to liquid and back again during the cooling process.

05:02

🌬️ Air Handling and Chilled Water Cycle Explained

This section focuses on the chilled water cycle and the air handling process within a centralized air conditioning system. The chilled water produced in the evaporator flows through pipelines to the air handling unit, where it cools the air passing through a cooling coil. The cooled air is then distributed, while the warmed chilled water returns to the chiller. The cycle continues with the help of a centrifugal pump. The paragraph also explains the use of a centrifugal fan and ducts (supply and return) for air circulation, as well as the role of filters in ensuring clean air.

Keywords

💡Refrigerant Cycle

The refrigerant cycle is a key process in centralized air conditioning systems, involving the circulation of refrigerant through components like the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. This cycle is responsible for heat exchange, where refrigerant absorbs heat from the chilled water and transfers it to the condenser water, making it central to the cooling function of the system.

💡Compressor

The compressor is a crucial component in the refrigerant cycle, responsible for increasing the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas. In the system described, a scroll hermetic compressor is used, which pressurizes low-temperature gas into high-pressure gas, allowing for effective heat transfer in the condenser.

💡Condenser

The condenser is part of the refrigerant cycle where heat is eliminated from the refrigerant. The high-pressure gas from the compressor enters the condenser, where it cools and condenses into a high-pressure liquid, transferring heat to the condenser water. This is often done using a shell-and-tube type condenser.

💡Expansion Valve

The expansion valve regulates the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator and reduces its pressure. This is essential for lowering the refrigerant's temperature below that of the chilled water, facilitating heat absorption in the evaporator. The thermal expansion valve (TXV) used in this system controls flow based on the temperature of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator.

💡Evaporator

The evaporator is where the refrigerant absorbs heat from the chilled water, causing the refrigerant to evaporate into a low-pressure gas. This component is key to the cooling process, as it cools the air by transferring heat from the water in the chilled water cycle, helping maintain a low temperature.

💡Chilled Water Cycle

The chilled water cycle involves circulating chilled water between the evaporator and air handling unit. The chilled water absorbs heat in the air handling unit and returns to the evaporator to release this heat to the refrigerant. This cycle plays a key role in cooling air for large spaces.

💡Air Handling Unit (AHU)

The air handling unit is part of the chilled water cycle where cold air is produced and distributed. It contains components like cooling coils and fans. The chilled water cools the air passing through the coils, which is then circulated into rooms or spaces via ducts. This process helps distribute conditioned air in commercial buildings.

💡Cooling Tower

The cooling tower is part of the condenser water cycle and serves to cool down the condenser water that absorbs heat from the refrigerant. The water is cooled by air blown through fins in the cooling tower before returning to the condenser to absorb more heat. This component helps remove excess heat from the system.

💡Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal pumps are used in both the chilled water and condenser water cycles to circulate water. In the chilled water cycle, they ensure the flow of chilled water through the system, and in the condenser water cycle, they move condenser water to and from the cooling tower. These pumps are vital for maintaining water flow in the system.

💡Filter Dryer

The filter dryer is an additional component in the refrigerant cycle that removes moisture and dirt from the refrigerant before it enters the expansion valve. This ensures the refrigerant is clean and dry, preventing damage to system components and maintaining efficient operation.

Highlights

The centralized air conditioning system is designed for large cooling capacities, typically for commercial purposes.

The chiller system consists of three main cycles: the refrigerant cycle, the chilled water cycle, and the condenser water cycle.

The refrigerant cycle involves key components like the compressor, condenser, filter dryer, expansion valve, and evaporator.

In the chilled water cycle, components such as the air handling unit and water pump play crucial roles.

The condenser water cycle involves a cooling tower and water pump to regulate temperature.

The compressor increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, allowing heat transfer to occur in the condenser.

Scroll compressors are used in this system, where low-pressure gas is pressurized to high pressure and temperature.

In the condenser, refrigerant heat is eliminated via conduction and convection to the condenser water from the cooling tower.

The filter dryer removes dirt and moisture from the refrigerant to ensure it is clean before entering the expansion valve.

The thermal expansion valve reduces refrigerant pressure and controls its flow into the evaporator.

In the evaporator, low-temperature refrigerant absorbs heat from chilled water, cooling the air for distribution.

Chilled water circulates between the air handling unit and the chiller, where it absorbs heat and returns for cooling.

Centrifugal pumps and fans are key to air and water flow management in the air conditioning system.

Cooling towers in the condenser water cycle cool down the water used to absorb heat from the refrigerant.

The system is continuous, with water pumps and air flow mechanisms ensuring the steady function of the cooling process.

Transcripts

centralized air conditioning system used

for large cooling capacity usually for

commercial purposes chiller system

consists of three main cycle which are

refrigerant cycle chilled water cycle

and condensed a water cycle

the component that are involve in

refrigerant cycle our compressor

condenser filter dryer expansion valve

and evaporator

for chilled water cycle the component

which involved our a handling unit and

water pump in condenser water cycled the

component that are needed for the

process our cooling tower and water pump

refrigerant cycle refrigerant cycle

consists of four basic components which

are compressor condenser expansion

device and evaporator an additional

component called filter dryer also

include in the system compressor

compressor works to increase the

pressure of the refrigerant in addition

it also serves to increase the

temperature of the refrigerant higher

than the temperature of condenser water

so that the heat transfer can occur in

the condenser the refrigerant enters the

compressor with low-pressure gas and out

with a high-pressure gas condition type

of compressor used with scroll hermetic

type scroll compressor works based on

gas at low pressure and temperature end

to the suction line and go into the

compressor the low pressure and

temperature gas is pressurized by the

scroll compressor to high pressure and

temperature gas the high pressure and

temperature gas is then passed through

the discharge line and then go into the

condenser

condenser

refrigerant in high-pressure gas will be

enter the condenser at a temperature

higher than the temperature of condenser

water in condenser the heat will be

eliminated to the condenser water from

the cooling tower through the process of

convection and conduction after the heat

is removed the refrigerant in

high-pressure gas is condensed into a

high-pressure liquid when out of the

condenser condenser most commonly used

is shell-and-tube type water is flowing

through the tube while refrigerant

liquid flooded in the shell

filter dryer

before the refrigerant flow to the next

main component it will be passes through

an additional component called dryer

dryer acts as a dirt filter and absorb

if there is moisture in the refrigerant

this ensures that refrigerant is clean

and dry before entering the expansion

valve

expansion valve expansion valve serves

to reduce the pressure and control the

flow of refrigerant going into the

evaporator when the pressure of

refrigerant has declined drastically the

temperature will drop dramatically which

is lower than chilled water temperature

in a centralized system expansion device

dxv thermal expansion valve type is used

it works according to the temperature of

the refrigerant which comes out from the

evaporator sensing bulb placed on

outflow of the evaporator works to

detects temperature of the refrigerant

and sends a signal to TXV needle valve

in the TX v will control the flow of

refrigerant based on the transmitted

signal

evaporator

refrigerants in low pressure liquid form

coming out from the expansion valve will

flow into the evaporator at low

temperature in evaporator the heat from

the chilled water which comes out from

the air handling unit will be absorbed

by the refrigerant due to the

temperature different produced when the

liquid refrigerant with low temperature

and pressure absorb heat from the

chilled water the refrigerant will

evaporate to low pressure gas the

evaporator most commonly is used

shell-and-tube type where the

refrigerant flow in the tube and the

water flooded the shell the evaporator

is insulated with an insulation to

reduce heat transfer the refrigerant in

low pressure gas will return to the

compressor and continue to the next

cycle chilled water cycle

chilled water cycle consists of two

basic components which are air handling

unit and water pump air handling units

air handling unit is a place where cold

air is produced before it can be

distributed it consists of several key

components such as cooling coil fan fan

motor belting filters and the casing

chilled water produced in the evaporator

will be flow into the air handling unit

through a pipeline which is marked with

dark blue color this chilled water is

known as chilled water supply in air

handling units chilled water will then

pass through the cooling coil

in the cooling coil the hot air will go

through the cooling coil and switch to

cold air due to the heat transferred to

chilled water cooling coil are commonly

used in this system our tube and fin

after absorbing heat from the hot air

the chilled water will be known as

chilled water returned normally chilled

water return pipe will be colored with

light blue chilled water return will

return back to the chiller to transfer

the heat absorbed to the refrigerant in

the evaporator water pump this cycle

will continue as long as the pump is

functioning well the pump used in the

system is centrifugal type the

centrifugal pump works based on

centrifugal force produced by the

rotating impeller in the pump casing for

air flow system it is operated using an

auxiliary fan which to create the air

cycle from the room and mix it with

fresh air from the outside to the air

handling unit and return back to the

room type of fan used was centrifugal

fan and powered by a motor and connected

through a belting the air flowing

through a channel is called ducting

there are two types of air duct which

are supply air duct and return air duct

these air duct are coated with

insulating material consisting of

fiberglass wrapping with aluminium foil

it reduce heat transfer from the

environment to the air duct air return

to the air handling unit will pass

through the filter before passing

through a cooling coil and return back

to the room this to ensure that the air

returned into the room in a clean

condition condense a water cycle

condenser water cycle consists of two

basic components which are cooling tower

and water pump

cooling tower cooling tower serves to

cool down the temperature of condenser

water that will be used to absorb heat

in the refrigerants at the condenser it

consists of several components which are

motor sprinkler blade water fin water

reservoir boys and make up water tank

dings from the condenser in chiller

condenser water flow to the cooling

tower with the help of a centrifugal

pumps this chilled water is called

condenser water return this condenser

water will pass through the rotating

sprinkler blades on cooling towers this

rotating rotor blades using pressure

generated by the condenser water itself

water will gush down through the fins

are to reduce the speed of water going

down this can delay the time and the

heat can be absorbed more effectively by

the surrounding air that passing through

the fins air through the fins is forced

by a rotating fan on the sprinkler blade

rotated by the motor this fan rotates

with its gusts upwards this will cause

the air to move from the bottom to the

top of the cooling tower where it is

opposite to the flow of the condenser

water condenser water which have

eliminated their heat by the surrounding

air will accumulate in the basin under

the cooling tower condense the water

that flowing out from cooling tower to

the chiller is called condenser water

supply this condenser water will flow

back to the chiller to continue heat

absorbing work from the refrigerant the

boy system at the water basin is

connected to the make up water tank it

works for adding water when the water

level in the basin decreases at certain

level due to evaporation this condenser

water cycle will continuously flow as

long as the centrifugal pump is in good

working condition

this explanation hopefully will enhance

the student comprehension regarding the

system the centralized air conditioning

is the commonly used system and it's

very important to the student to well

known the system