RPH, CHAPTER 3: Sa Aking Mga Kabata and Code of Kalantiaw
Summary
TLDRThe video discusses Chapter 3 of a course on Philippine history, focusing on historical interpretation and multiperspectivity. It highlights the importance of analyzing historical events through primary sources and understanding multiple viewpoints to avoid biased interpretations. The discussion also covers the historiographical problems in Philippine history, such as the Code of Kalantiaw and José Rizal's poem 'Sa Aking Mga Kabata,' illustrating how historical interpretations change over time. Students are encouraged to critically evaluate sources and interpretations to gain a richer, more complex understanding of the past.
Takeaways
- 📜 The chapter focuses on spaces for conflict and controversies in Philippine history.
- 🎯 Learning objectives include interpreting historical events using primary sources and recognizing the multiplicity of interpretations in historical texts.
- 🧐 Historical interpretation is the way historians analyze and explain past events, and different historians may have varying perspectives based on available evidence.
- 🔍 Multiperspectivity involves considering multiple viewpoints to study and interpret historical events, encouraging inclusive analysis.
- 🏛️ History is described as the study of the past, with an emphasis on understanding its impact on the present through consequences.
- 📚 Joffrey Barak defines history as the attempt to discover significant things about the past through fragmentary evidence, highlighting the importance of key elements in historical understanding.
- ⚖️ Historical interpretations can differ based on who interprets the source and when it was read, showing the dynamic nature of historical analysis.
- 🧐 Non-historians interpreting primary sources can sometimes do more harm than good, leading to misunderstandings.
- 📝 The Code of Kalantiaw, once considered a historical legal code, was later revealed as a hoax, demonstrating how historical interpretations can change over time.
- 🔁 Multiperspectivity emphasizes that historical narratives often contain contradictions and ambiguities, encouraging deeper inquiry and investigation into historical evidence.
Q & A
What are the main learning objectives of Chapter 3 in the Philippine History subject?
-The main learning objectives include interpreting historical events using primary sources, recognizing multiple interpretations of historical texts, identifying the advantages and disadvantages of employing critical tools in interpreting historical events, and demonstrating the ability to argue for or against an issue using primary sources.
What is the concept of multiperspectivity in history?
-Multiperspectivity in history refers to considering multiple viewpoints or perspectives when studying and interpreting historical events. It helps avoid one-sided or biased views and encourages a more inclusive analysis of the past.
How does historical interpretation differ from multiperspectivity?
-Historical interpretation involves analyzing and explaining past events based on available evidence, while multiperspectivity focuses on incorporating multiple perspectives or viewpoints when studying those events. Interpretation is shaped by historians' biases and evidence, while multiperspectivity seeks to provide a broader, more inclusive understanding.
Why is it important for students of history to recognize different types of interpretations?
-It is important for students of history to recognize different interpretations because interpretations of historical events can vary depending on the historian, available evidence, and biases. By recognizing these differences, students can critically evaluate historical narratives and avoid accepting one-sided or biased views.
What is the significance of primary sources in historical interpretation?
-Primary sources are crucial in historical interpretation because they provide direct evidence from the past. However, interpreting them requires proper training, as misinterpretation of primary sources can lead to misunderstandings or biased views of historical events.
What is the Code of Kalantiaw, and why is it significant in Philippine history?
-The Code of Kalantiaw was a purported legal code believed to have been established in 1433 in Aklan, but it was later revealed to be a historical hoax by William Henry Scott in 1968. Despite being debunked, some still consider it a legitimate document, highlighting the importance of careful historical interpretation.
What role does interpretation play in understanding historical events?
-Interpretation is essential in understanding historical events because it helps historians analyze, explain, and make sense of the past. However, interpretations can differ depending on the historian’s perspective, biases, and the available evidence.
Why is it important to track changes in historical interpretations over time?
-Tracking changes in historical interpretations over time is important because historical narratives evolve as new evidence emerges and societal views shift. Understanding these changes helps historians and students of history gain a more comprehensive understanding of the past.
What does the phrase 'history is not factual but a series of accepted judgments' mean?
-This phrase suggests that history, though based on facts, is shaped by historians' interpretations and judgments. Different historians may present different versions of the same event, depending on their perspectives and biases, making history a subjective understanding of the past.
How can multiperspectivity help prevent biased views of history?
-Multiperspectivity helps prevent biased views of history by encouraging the inclusion of different perspectives and viewpoints in the analysis of historical events. By considering multiple angles, historians can avoid presenting one-sided narratives and create a more balanced understanding of the past.
Outlines
📘 Introduction to Chapter Three: Spaces for Conflict and Controversies in Philippine History
This paragraph introduces Chapter Three of the course, which focuses on Philippine history and its conflicts and controversies. The objectives include interpreting historical events using primary sources, understanding multiple perspectives, and employing critical tools to analyze historical events. The paragraph emphasizes key concepts such as historical interpretation, multiperspectivity, and the process of making sense of the past.
🔍 Understanding Historical Interpretation and Multiperspectivity
The paragraph discusses two key concepts: historical interpretation and multiperspectivity. Historical interpretation involves analyzing and explaining past events based on available evidence and historian biases, while multiperspectivity encourages considering multiple viewpoints to avoid biased or one-sided interpretations of history. This approach offers a more inclusive analysis of historical events, helping to better understand the complexities of the past.
📚 Defining History and Historical Interpretation
The focus here is on defining history and its significance. History is not just about past events but how it impacts the present. The paragraph introduces historian Joffrey Barak, who emphasizes the importance of discovering significant elements of the past based on limited evidence. It also discusses how historical interpretation varies depending on the historian and their perspective, highlighting that accepted facts may change over time.
⚖️ The Role of Primary Sources in Historical Interpretation
This paragraph explains the critical role of primary sources in historical interpretation. While primary sources are essential, not everyone has access to them, and misinterpreting these sources can lead to misunderstandings. Students of history must learn to critically analyze these sources to avoid biased or incorrect interpretations, recognizing that interpretations of historical events change across generations.
📜 The Myth of the Code of Kalantiaw
The Code of Kalantiaw, once considered a legitimate legal document, is revealed as a historical hoax by scholar William Henry Scott. Scott's research, conducted in 1968, showed that the code was a work of historical fiction attributed to Jose E. Marco, rather than a legitimate pre-Hispanic source. This paragraph illustrates how false historical narratives can emerge and the importance of critical scrutiny when interpreting historical documents.
📝 Debunking José Rizal's ‘First Poem’
The paragraph examines the claim that José Rizal wrote a famous poem at the age of eight, debunking it by noting that no original manuscript exists. The poem was published in 1906 by Hermenegildo Cruz, who claimed to have received it from one of Rizal’s friends. However, there is no evidence to confirm this, and Rizal himself never mentioned writing it, highlighting the need for caution in accepting historical claims.
🔍 Multiperspectivity in Historical Analysis
The paragraph elaborates on the concept of multiperspectivity, which involves analyzing historical events, personalities, and cultures from different viewpoints. It warns that historians may introduce biases or omit critical information, and stresses the importance of using multiple sources to create a more balanced understanding of history. Multiperspectivity allows for deeper investigation and prevents one-sided interpretations of the past.
📖 Historiographical Problems in Philippine History
In this concluding paragraph, the speaker wraps up the discussion and previews the next section, which will focus on historiographical problems in Philippine history through case studies. The discussion in this video set the stage for understanding how historical interpretation evolves and how scholars approach conflicting or controversial narratives in Philippine history.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Primary Source
💡Multiperspectivity
💡Historical Interpretation
💡Historiography
💡Bias
💡Code of Kalantiaw
💡Historical Fiction
💡Joffrey Barraclough
💡Rizal's Poem
💡Critical Tools
Highlights
Introduction to Chapter 3 of the course on Philippine History, focusing on spaces for conflict and controversies.
Learning objectives include interpreting historical events using primary sources, recognizing multiple interpretations, and demonstrating critical analysis skills.
Key concepts covered: historical interpretation, multiperspectivity, and how historians analyze and interpret past events based on their perspectives and biases.
Multiperspectivity involves considering multiple viewpoints in interpreting historical events to avoid biased or one-sided analysis.
History is defined as the study of the past, with emphasis on how it impacts the present and future.
Joffrey Baraklaw's definition of history highlights the importance of focusing on key elements that contribute to meaningful understanding of the past.
Historical interpretations are not purely factual but consist of accepted judgments by historians, leading to various interpretations of the same events.
Primary sources are vital for historical analysis but may be misinterpreted by non-historians, causing misunderstanding and further problems.
Importance of recognizing different types of interpretations and how they may vary over time, especially when analyzing primary sources.
Discussion of the Code of Kalantiaw, a supposed ancient legal code, which was revealed to be a hoax by William Henry Scott in 1968.
Another case study: the poem 'Sa Aking Mga Kabata,' traditionally attributed to Jose Rizal, but its authorship is now questioned due to lack of evidence.
Multiperspectivity as an approach in history helps reveal discrepancies, contradictions, and ambiguities, offering more comprehensive insights.
Historians may omit or emphasize certain facts depending on their interpretations and biases, impacting how historical events are perceived.
Exploring multiple perspectives in history encourages further investigation, research, and a richer understanding of historical events.
Concluding with the idea that historical truths differ depending on sources, as ordinary people's perspectives may contrast with official documents.
Transcripts
good day everybody welcome back to our
subject our readings in Philippine
history and now we are in the chapter
three which is all about the Philippine
history we'll be talking about the
spaces for conflict and controversies so
with this let me show uh let me share
with you on board the learning
objectives of our chapter three first we
are going to interpret historical events
using primary source second is to
recognize the multiplicity multiplicity
of interpretation that can be read from
a historical
text third is to identify the advantages
and disadvantages of employing critical
Tools in interpreting historical events
through primary source and lastly to
demonstrate ability to argue for or
against a particular issue using primary
source so what we'll discuss we'll be
discussing about making sense of the
past historical
interpretation code
ofano and
multiperspectivity so let's start with
the making sense of the
past historical interpretation code of
Kalan and multiperspectivity so uh with
this no making sense of the past we want
uh to make sense of the past and knowing
the story behind that and that's why and
that's the way making sense of the past
so in this chapter uh we are going to
analyze the four historiographical
problems in Philippine history in an
attempt to apply what we have learned
thus far in the work of a historian and
the process of
storical inquiry so now what are the two
concepts that need to be defined before
proceeding to the historical an analysis
of problems in
history before we are going to discuss
the four Stog graphical problems in
Philippine history first is so the
interpretation and the multi-
perspectivity so of course we all know
Nam man that historical interpretation
this is how a
historian analyze examine prize the
historical past
events and
interpretation indicate action historian
in explaining the meaning of something
or explaining the past events so in the
context of
History interpretation refer the way
historian analyze and examine or explain
past events and take note that different
historians may
provide
interpretations
based
perspectives biases and the available
evidence senses to interpret the past
with the
concept and
helps historical viewpoints and that is
interpretation how about this
multiperspectivity more than one
perspective that is represented to the
reader or
people
study certain past events or in short
the word the word multi no from the word
multi
palang or dag perspective so therefore
we can say that multi perspectivity in
history involves
considering um multiple perspective or
viewpoints study and
interpret and
interpret
historical events and of
course concept
multiperspectivity it help
us
avoid onesided or bias view of history
and
encourage uh more inclusive analysis in
historical events so in short
multiperspectivity okay so now let's
proceed
so
because foundation for us to make sense
of the
past what's the meaning of history so
history is the study of the past no we
already discussed this in our PRM but a
more contemporary definition is centered
on how it impacts the present through
its
consequences sense
or hisorical
interpretation
story
or next um according to Joffrey Barak
law G Define history as the attempt to
discover on the basis of fragmentary
evidence the significant things about
the past so a little background about
jofrey baracon no j joof joof free Barak
was a historian and an author and
definition of
history about
importance or import historical research
need resarch to navigate the gaps and
limitations in the available
evidence
therefore um definition Joffrey
bar it uh it emphasizes the importance
of
identifying and focusing on the KE
elements that contribute to a meaningful
understanding of the past so emphasiz
Joffrey Barak and and we already
discussed in the previous discussion
about the historical
interpretation historical interpretation
that is involves the the theories and
examinations in of the past and also
historical interpretation do differ
depend no do differ depend on the person
or the
historian next
Joffrey also he also notes that history
we
read though based on facts is strictly
speaking not factual at all but a series
of accepted judgments
therefore statement jofrey
bar it underscores a dynamic process of
interpretation and different storian may
offer for different interpretations of
the same historical
events
multiperspectivity which is more than
one perspective that is
represented to the reader or people
study certain past
events next
is such judgments of historians in how
the past should be seen
make the foundation of historical
interpretation that means the the
Judgment made by
historians shape the way we understand
and interpret the past and historians
take note
historians utilize facts collected from
primary sources of history and and then
draw their own reading so that their
intended audience May understand the
historical events in the process that in
essence make sense of the past so the
premise is not
only or is not is that not all because
primary sources are accessible to a
general audience take note H primary
sources are accessible to a general
audience and without the proper training
and
background non
historian
historian interpreting a primary source
may do harm than
good and a primary source may even cause
misunderstanding
sometimes resulting in more
problems and interpretation of the past
therefore four vary According
To
Source primary
source primary
source and as a student of History camo
you must be all equipped to recognize
different types of
interpretations why this may differ from
each other and how critically sift this
interpretation through
historical um
evaluation and here interpret
interpretations of historical events
change over time so change every
generation to generation thus
it is an important skill for a student
camo student of History to track these
changes in an attempt to understand the
past so now we're going to track some of
the historical events that change over
time first we have this making sense of
the P of code of
kalania code of C
is a is a mythical legal code in the
epic history of maragas it was a source
of Pride for the people of aklan alanod
ofan before it was revealed as a hawks
or canang malicious
or the other definition of malicious is
numerous but it was revealed as a
malicious or e
a historical a historical marker was
installed in the town of batan in aklan
year 1956 with the following
text mythical code code
of so SI dat bindara kaltio sha third
chief of
P
establish government in
Peninsula aklan
s considered the the The First Filipino
law G Giver s dat vendara
Kalan dat vend vendara
Kalan
promulgated in
about 14 3 3 a penal code known as Penal
Code Penal
Code about
penalties penal code again in about 1433
a penal code now known as the code of
Kalan 18
articles and S Don Marcelino Orelia of
Zaragoza Spain
he obtained the original manuscript
though from an old chief of panai which
was later translated into Spanish
Raphael
Moro
Z so
magod
of Marcelino Orel
translate into Spanish Rafael Mor
Z
next it proved as a foxk in
1968 no when William Henry Scott William
Henry
Scott when William Henry Scott then a
doctoral candidate at the University of
Santo Tomas defended his research on
prehispanic sources in Philippine
history so William Henry
Scott
attributed the code to a historical
fiction oh historical fiction written in
1913 NE Jose e Marco titled L anas Lees
de esas degros or in English
translation uh the ancient
Legends of the island of
Negros Jose e
Marco and he Marco attributed the code
itself to a priest named Jose Maria
pavon Jose Maria pavon
capil and The prominent Filipino
historian did not desent to Scots F
findings but there are still some who
would like to believe that the code is a
legitimate document therefore a
non-historian interpreting a primary
source may do harm than good a primary
source even cause misunder understanding
and sometimes even resulting in more
problems
next interpretation of the past
therefore May
VAR who reads the primary source when it
was read and how it was read so of
course as a student of History you must
be well equipped to recognize different
types of
interpretation why this made differ from
each other and many more because
interpretation of historical events
change over time thus it is an important
skill for a student of History to track
this changes in an attempt to understand
the past so now we're going to track
another historical events that change
over time again in the code of kaltio it
is
clear specific person
code of and that's the sense of making
and that's uh the sense of the
past next another making sense of the
past are you familiar with this
p is a p purportedly written by rile
again
purportedly
is a so P pero
purportedly written by Jose Ral when he
was 8 years old and is probably one of
ral's most prominent
works this form there is no evidence to
support
CL there is no evidence to support the
claim that this form with with the now
imortal is was written by Ral and worse
the evidence against Ral authorship of
the pal seems all
unassailable or not not
liable there exist no manuscript of the
pois the manuscript of the poem
handwritten by
R the poem was first published in
1906 by Herman gildo Cruz take
not publish a p herminigildo Cruz in
1906 and herminigildo he received the
pal
from Gabriel biato Francisco n claimed
to have received it in
1884 from result's close friend SI
saturnino
Riles however
Ral never never mentioned writing this
PO anywhere in his writings and more
importantly and never mention having a
close friend by the person of
Riles so therefore no original
manuscript in result's own hand exists
for
traditionally believe to be his first
home and it is important therefore to
subject to
evaluation not only the primary source
but also the historical interpretation
of the same to ensure that the current
interpretation is reliable to support or
acceptance of events of the past
now it's clear there is no
manuscript and here making sense of the
past will be talking about the
multiperspectivity it is defined as a
way of looking at historical events
personalities developments cultur s in
societies from different perspectives
this means that there is a multitude of
ways by which we can view the world and
historical writing is by definition bias
partial and
contains
preconceptions therefore the historians
decides on what sources to use what
interpretation to make more apparent
depend depending on what his end is
and historians may misinterpret
evidence attending to those that suggest
that a certain event happened and then
ignore the rest of goes against evidence
also historians may
omit historians may omit significant
facts about their
subject which makes the interpretation
and balance and impose a certain
ideology to their subject which may not
be appropriate to the period of the
subject was prom and historians may also
provide a single cost for an event
without considering other possible
casual explanation of the said events
and with
multiperspectivity as an approach in
history again it is an approach in
history we must understand that
historical interpretations contain
discrepancies
contradictions ambiguities and are often
the focus of
desent exploring multiple perspective in
history requires incorporating Source
materials that reflect
different views of an event history
because historical
narratives do not provide or space to
inquire and
investigate hisorical
evidence and different sources that
counter each other May create space for
more investigation and research while
providing more uh evidences for those
truth that these sources agree
on therefore in conclusion different
kinds of sources also provide different
historical truths and official document
may not different may may note different
aspect of the past than say a mure of an
ordinary person on the same event and it
proves for the audence a more complex
but also a more complete and
richer understanding of the past so for
the next video
presentation uh we are going to
know historiographical problems in
Philippine history which are the case
studies so thank you so much everybody
for listening our uh discussion about
the introduction of our chapter three
thank you so
much
Voir Plus de Vidéos Connexes
Lesson 2 (Readings in Philippine History): Spaces for Conflicts and Controversies
Making Sense of the Past: Historical Interpretation Chapter 3.1
PART 2
Multiple Perspectives in History
Primary and Secondary Sources in History Explained
Historiography and Historical Research Methods - What is the Difference? CC
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