Jenis Jenis Pengetahuan | Ngaji Filsafat | Dr. Fahrudin Faiz

Summary

The video script discusses two types of knowledge: discursive and intuitive. Discursive knowledge is acquired through symbols and language, like understanding 'handphone' as a symbol. Intuitive knowledge, however, is immediate and personal, like tasting tea and knowing its sweetness. The script emphasizes the importance of intuitive knowledge, which is often considered more valid as it comes from personal experience and internal realization, compared to discursive knowledge that relies on external symbols and language.

Takeaways

• 💡 There are two types of knowledge: discursive knowledge (pengetahuan diskursif) and intuitive knowledge (pengetahuan intuitif).
• 🔍 Discursive knowledge is obtained through symbols, like language, where there is a gap between the object and its understanding.
• 📱 A handphone, for example, is understood through the word 'handphone,' which is symbolic. Understanding happens through categories and symbols stored in the mind.
• 🍵 Intuitive knowledge, on the other hand, is direct and felt within the person. For example, understanding tea by drinking it and experiencing it firsthand.
• 🌶️ Discursive knowledge explains things theoretically, like explaining spiciness, while intuitive knowledge involves actually tasting something spicy to understand it.
• 🎓 Intuitive knowledge is often seen as more valid because it is direct and personal, compared to discursive knowledge, which is based on external information.
• 🔮 Intuition involves knowledge that comes to the mind without conscious effort, such as feeling danger or having a 'gut feeling.'
• 🧠 Intuition is similar to instinct but involves awareness, unlike animal instincts, which are unconscious.
• 🌍 In modern times, intuition is often overlooked in favor of empirical and rational knowledge, which is more accepted in academic settings.
• 🧘‍♂️ Intuition deals with inner, spiritual life, while reason focuses on material aspects.

Q & A

What are the two types of knowledge mentioned in the script?

The two types of knowledge mentioned are discursive knowledge and intuitive knowledge.

How is discursive knowledge defined?

Discursive knowledge is obtained through symbols and involves understanding concepts indirectly by thinking and processing through symbolic representations.

What is intuitive knowledge, and how is it different from discursive knowledge?

Intuitive knowledge is directly felt or experienced without the need for symbolic representation or reasoning. Unlike discursive knowledge, it is immediate and personal, coming from direct experience.

Can you provide an example of discursive knowledge from the script?

Yes, when understanding that an object is a 'phone' by using the word 'phone' as a symbol is an example of discursive knowledge. The word 'phone' is a category that allows people to recognize the object through thought.

How does the speaker describe the experience of intuitive knowledge using the example of drinking tea?

The speaker contrasts discursive and intuitive knowledge by saying that while someone can describe the tea’s taste discursively, intuitive knowledge comes from personally drinking the tea and experiencing its flavor directly.

What distinction is made between ‘ilm hushuli’ and ‘ilm hudhuri’?

‘Ilm hushuli’ refers to knowledge that is discursive or indirect, while ‘ilm hudhuri’ is intuitive knowledge that is directly present within oneself.

What example does the speaker use to explain the difference between theoretical and practical knowledge in the context of relationships?

The speaker explains that knowing about relationships (theoretical knowledge) differs from actually being in a relationship (practical knowledge), where personal experience gives deeper insight.

What are the three levels of certainty described in the script, and how are they defined?

The three levels of certainty are 'ilmul yaqin' (knowledge through indicators), 'ainul yaqin' (certainty through seeing), and 'haqqul yaqin' (certainty through direct experience).

What is the significance of intuition according to the speaker, especially in the modern world?

Intuition is seen as undervalued in modern times, where empirical and rational knowledge dominate. However, the speaker argues that intuition provides important insights, such as sensing danger or making decisions based on feelings.

How does the speaker differentiate between intuition and instinct?

Intuition is described as a conscious form of instinct. While instinct is automatic and unconscious, intuition involves a sense of awareness and understanding, making it a more refined form of knowledge.