🇨🇦HISTORIA de CANADÁ en 15 minutos🇨🇦 - El Mapa de Sebas
Summary
TLDREl video explora la historia de Canadá, desde sus primeros asentamientos en América hasta convertirse en una de las naciones más prósperas del mundo. Se mencionan los pueblos indígenas originales, la colonización por franceses y británicos, y las guerras que definieron el territorio canadiense. También destaca cómo Canadá se desarrolló a lo largo del tiempo, tocando temas como el crecimiento económico, la participación en guerras mundiales, y los movimientos independentistas, especialmente en Quebec. El video concluye con las políticas progresistas del gobierno actual y cuestiona la completa independencia de Canadá respecto a la Corona británica.
Takeaways
- 🌍 Canadá es el segundo país más grande del mundo con características únicas, como la costa más extensa y la coexistencia de más de 200 grupos étnicos.
- 🏞️ El territorio canadiense es uno de los primeros asentamientos en América, con sitios arqueológicos como las Cuevas de Bluefish con más de 25,000 años de antigüedad.
- 🏹 Varias etnias indígenas formaron las Primeras Naciones, entre ellas los Inuits, Algonquinos, y Na-Dene, destacando tribus como los Micmac, Cree y Iroqueses.
- ⚔️ Los primeros europeos en llegar fueron los vikingos alrededor del año 1000, seguidos de los exploradores franceses y británicos en los siglos siguientes.
- 🎣 Durante los siglos XVI y XVII, el comercio de pieles fue clave para el desarrollo de las colonias francesas y británicas, lo que generó conflictos entre los colonos y las tribus locales.
- 💥 Las guerras franco-indias y los conflictos entre Francia y Gran Bretaña culminaron con la victoria británica y el Tratado de París de 1763, que marcó el fin del imperio colonial francés en América del Norte.
- 📜 En 1867 se creó la Confederación Canadiense, unificando las colonias británicas en una federación con cuatro provincias, sentando las bases de la nación actual.
- 🚂 La expansión territorial de Canadá incluyó la construcción del ferrocarril Canadian Pacific y la anexión de territorios del Noroeste y Tierras de Rupert.
- ⚔️ Canadá tuvo una participación destacada en las dos guerras mundiales, contribuyendo a su identidad nacional y su independencia legislativa con el Estatuto de Westminster de 1931.
- 🏳️🌈 Durante el gobierno de Justin Trudeau, Canadá ha avanzado en derechos progresistas como la legalización del aborto, la marihuana y el apoyo a los derechos LGBT, mientras sigue siendo parte de la Corona británica.
Q & A
¿Cuál es la importancia de la línea costera de Canadá en el contexto de su territorio?
-Canadá tiene la línea costera más extensa del mundo, lo que le proporciona acceso a vastos recursos marinos y facilita el comercio marítimo.
¿Qué se sabe sobre los primeros asentamientos humanos en Canadá?
-El asentamiento más antiguo registrado en Canadá es Bluefish Caves en el Yukón, con aproximadamente 25,000 años de antigüedad, lo que sugiere que fue uno de los primeros asentamientos en América.
¿Qué etnias formaban las Primeras Naciones de Canadá antes de la llegada de los europeos?
-Las Primeras Naciones de Canadá estaban formadas por diversas etnias, incluidas los Inuit, Algonquinos, Na-Dené, Wakashan y Salish, entre otros.
¿Cuál fue el primer contacto europeo con Canadá y qué colonización intentaron los vikingos?
-El primer contacto europeo con Canadá fue alrededor del año 1000 d.C., cuando los vikingos, liderados por Leif Eriksson, fundaron un asentamiento en L’Anse aux Meadows en Terranova.
¿Qué importancia tuvo el comercio de pieles en el desarrollo de las colonias francesas y británicas en Canadá?
-El comercio de pieles fue crucial para el desarrollo de las colonias francesas y británicas en el siglo XVII, estableciendo la economía colonial y provocando conflictos entre las dos potencias.
¿Qué consecuencias tuvo la Guerra Franco-India en el territorio canadiense?
-La Guerra Franco-India, parte de la Guerra de los Siete Años, resultó en la victoria británica y la cesión de los territorios franceses en Canadá, consolidando el dominio británico en la región.
¿Cómo afectó la Guerra de 1812 las relaciones entre Canadá y los Estados Unidos?
-La Guerra de 1812 fortaleció el sentido de identidad canadiense y reafirmó la lealtad a la corona británica, ya que Canadá logró resistir los intentos de los Estados Unidos por invadir su territorio.
¿Cómo se expandió el territorio canadiense durante el siglo XIX?
-El territorio canadiense se expandió significativamente en el siglo XIX con la anexión de Tierras del Noroeste, Territorio de Rupert y la unión de Columbia Británica y los territorios árticos a la confederación.
¿Qué fue el Estatuto de Westminster de 1931 y por qué es importante para la independencia canadiense?
-El Estatuto de Westminster de 1931 reconoció la igualdad legislativa entre Canadá y el Reino Unido, siendo considerado por muchos como el paso final hacia la independencia del país.
¿Cuáles fueron algunas de las políticas más controvertidas implementadas durante el gobierno de Justin Trudeau?
-Durante el gobierno de Justin Trudeau se implementaron políticas controvertidas como la legalización del aborto y la marihuana, así como el apoyo a los derechos LGBT y al feminismo, dentro de un marco de libre mercado.
Outlines
🌍 El vasto territorio y la historia indígena de Canadá
Canadá, el segundo país más grande del mundo, es conocido por su inmensa extensión territorial, la costa más extensa del mundo, y por tener más lagos que cualquier otro país. A pesar de ser vasto, su población es escasa con solo 37 millones de habitantes. El territorio de Canadá ha sido habitado durante miles de años, siendo los primeros asentamientos las Primeras Naciones, como los inuit y los algonquinos. En el año 1000 d.C., los vikingos, liderados por Leif Eriksson, establecieron una colonia en Terranova, la cual fue abandonada posteriormente. Cinco siglos después, John Cabot llevó a cabo una expedición para la corona inglesa, lo que atrajo a más europeos debido a la pesca de bacalao. Los franceses, bajo Samuel de Champlain, fundaron las primeras colonias permanentes a principios del siglo XVII, lo que inició la era colonial en la región.
⚔️ Conflictos coloniales y la creación de Canadá
Durante el siglo XVII, los franceses y los británicos establecieron colonias en Canadá, lo que desató conflictos entre ellos. Las Guerras de los Castores enfrentaron a los iroqueses, apoyados por los británicos, contra los franceses y sus aliados algonquinos, lo que devastó a muchas poblaciones indígenas debido a la guerra y enfermedades europeas. Tras la Guerra de Sucesión Española, Gran Bretaña tomó el control de Acadia y otras regiones. Posteriormente, la Guerra de los Siete Años determinó el destino de Canadá, con los británicos imponiéndose sobre los franceses, quienes cedieron todos sus territorios en el Tratado de París, aunque los francófonos se mantuvieron en Quebec. La derrota francesa también llevó al aumento de impuestos en las colonias británicas, desencadenando la Guerra de Independencia de EE. UU., y más tarde, la migración de leales británicos a Canadá.
🌾 Expansión, inmigración y autonomía de Canadá
En el siglo XIX, la economía de Canadá floreció gracias a la industria maderera, lo que atrajo inmigración masiva, especialmente de Escocia e Irlanda. Hubo movimientos que buscaban más autonomía, y con el Tratado de Reciprocidad Canadiense-Estadounidense en 1854, se consolidó el comercio libre con Estados Unidos. En 1867, la Confederación Canadiense fue formada, uniendo las colonias británicas en una federación de cuatro provincias. A medida que el país crecía, se construyó el ferrocarril Canadian Pacific Railway para conectar su vasto territorio. Sin embargo, esta expansión afectó a las poblaciones indígenas, como los métis, quienes se rebelaron bajo Louis Riel. Aunque fracasaron, sus derechos territoriales fueron respetados. El oro descubierto en el Klondike en 1896 atrajo más inmigración, principalmente de EE. UU.
🇨🇦 Canadá en las Guerras Mundiales y la independencia legislativa
Con el auge económico y una creciente población, Canadá mostró su lealtad a la corona británica al enviar 600,000 soldados en la Primera Guerra Mundial, destacándose en la Batalla de Ypres y la Ofensiva de los Cien Días. La participación en el conflicto fortaleció la identidad nacional canadiense, ganando un asiento en la Liga de las Naciones y el Tratado de Versalles. En 1931, el Estatuto de Westminster otorgó igualdad legislativa a Canadá, aunque todavía seguían siendo súbditos de la corona británica. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Canadá participó activamente, destacando en el Desembarco de Normandía. Tras el conflicto, su economía se recuperó y en 1949 Terranova se unió a la confederación, completando el territorio actual de Canadá.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Canadá
💡Población escasa
💡Primeras Naciones
💡Confederación Canadiense
💡Guerra Franco-India
💡Colonia de Acadia
💡Lealtad a la corona británica
💡Estatuto de Westminster
💡Conflictos con pueblos indígenas
💡Pierre Trudeau
Highlights
Canada is the second largest country in the world and has the most extensive coastline, as well as more lakes than all other countries combined.
Canada is home to more than 200 ethnic groups, making it one of the most diverse countries in the world.
Despite its vast size, Canada has a population of only 37 million, making it one of the least densely populated countries.
The oldest archaeological site in Canada is the Bluefish Caves in the Yukon, dating back 25,000 years.
The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach Canada, founding a settlement in Newfoundland around 1000 AD.
The French established the first permanent European settlements in Canada in 1605 with Port Royal and in 1608 with Quebec.
The fur trade was the driving force of economic growth in 17th-century Canada, leading to conflicts between the British and French.
The British and French rivalry culminated in the Seven Years' War, which ended with the British taking control of Canada after the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Loyalists who supported the British during the American Revolutionary War migrated to Canada, strengthening ties with the British crown.
In 1867, Canada became a confederation, unifying four provinces: Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway helped connect the vast Canadian territory, aiding in its expansion.
Canada gained legislative equality with the United Kingdom in 1931 with the Statute of Westminster, a key step toward independence.
Canada played a significant role in both World Wars, particularly in battles like Ypres during WWI and Juno Beach during WWII.
Canada has adopted progressive policies in recent years, including the legalization of marijuana and strong support for LGBT and feminist rights.
The history of Canada includes darker moments, such as the forced assimilation of Aboriginal children, which some view as ethnic cleansing.
Transcripts
This is the second largest country in the world,
Canada, and thanks to its vast territory
it is characterized by several peculiarities such as owning
the most extensive coastline in the world,
having more lakes than all other countries together
and by the coexistence of more than 200 ethnic groups
throughout its history.
Despite all this, it is one of the least densely populated countries
with only 37 million inhabitants.
Are you interested in knowing how this huge
and sparsely populated territory became
such a prosperous and developed country?
Alright, then stay until the end of the video.
It is estimated that the territory of Canada would be
one of the first settlements in America,
being the oldest archeological site, the Bluefish Caves
in the Yukon, with about 25,000 years old.
Throughout the millennia were formed diverse
ethnicities, that would create First Nations
Among them the Inuits, Algonquins, Na-Dene,
Wakashan, Salish, among others.
How do we differentiate and relate these ethnicities?
As I always repeat, for linguistic similarities.
From these ethnicities, certain tribes would be formed,
such as the Micmac, Beothuk,
Cree, Ojibwa,
Iroquois and Wyandot.
By the year 1000 AD the first Europeans would arrive.
By this I mean the Vikings,
who would have founded a small colony
in the current Newfoundland known as L’anse Aux Meadows.
This expedition would have been led by Leif Eriksson,
all this documented in the Saga of Erik the Red.
This settlement would have been abandoned
for unknown reasons.
Perhaps they were attacked by local tribes,
perished for some disease or perhaps
mixed with the local population.
Five centuries later, the next contact would be
during an expedition led by John Cabot
on behalf of the English crown, which would attract
various Europeans to approach because of the cod fishing
during the 16th century. Among them,
the Basque presence stands out, who got to trade
with the Algonquian Indians of the Labrador Peninsula.
They even formed a Basque-Algonquin ´pidgin´.
In 1534, Jaques Cartier
would explore Canadian coasts on behalf of France,
but it would not be until 1603
that the first permanent European settlements would be established
by the Frenchman Samuel de Champlain.
Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec in 1608,
founding the colony of Acadia,
while the British settled in Newfoundland.
During the 17th century,
the colonies prospered thanks to the fur trade.
France would found a new colony,
Canada, and the British would take the Land of Rupert
in Hudson Bay. And as you can imagine,
the conflicts between the two colonizers came quickly.
Among them, the Beaver Wars stand out,
in which the Iroquois Confederation, encouraged
by the British to expand their territory,
would face the French colonists and their allies,
the Algonquian peoples. This war
would mean a considerable decline in the Amerindian population,
which had already been reduced by factors
such as epidemics of European diseases
against which they lacked immunity.
With the Great Peace of Montreal, ephemeral tranquility is achieved,
given that the powers face each other again,
dragging again the Amerindian peoples
into the Queen Anne's War.
This war is considered part
of the War of the Spanish Succession
between Bourbonists French and Austrophiles
supported by the British. After the British victory on this front,
England gains sovereignty over Acadia,
which renames as Nova Scotia and reaffirms it
in Newfoundland and Hudson Bay.
And it is that these two boys take advantage of all foreign mess
to accentuate their rivalry,
in 1744 the following conflict would occur,
King George's war, within the context
of the War of Austrian Succession in which the French
supported by the Wabanaki face the British
supported by the Iroquois Confederation.
But the fate of Canada would not be defined
until the Seven Years' War, in which in the face of disputes
over European territories, the countries of the old continent
unleashed a worldwide conflict.
The front in North America
was known as the Franco-Indian War,
in which again the British supported by the Iroquois,
face the French supported by the Wabanakis.
After seven years of war between comings and goings,
the British finally impose themselves upon invading Canada,
so France is forced to surrender all its territories,
meaning the Treaty of Paris the end of the French
colonial empire in North America.
However, French settlers did not leave Quebec,
so the region remains Francophone until today.
This victory would be counterproductive for the British,
since before the expenses of the war, England would raise the taxes
to its Thirteen Colonies, which would cause
the American Revolutionary War,
with the victory of the Americans
and the birth of the great American empire, who also
took Michigan. This caused thousands of loyalists to the British crown
to migrate north, especially to Nova Scotia.
This would be the prelude to the subsequent war of 1812,
in which taking advantage of the Napoleonic wars, the United States
tries to take the British territories of present-day Canada,
which would be rejected by Canadians
who remained loyal to the crown.
Even though the United States failed in this attempt,
with this war they took care that from London,
the American independence wasn't questioned again.
By then, the western territory had not yet been explored.
Although towards 1818, with the treaty of London
the occupation of the Territory of Oregon began,
which would be administered jointly
by the United States and the United Kingdom.
In addition, the border between the two countries
is established in parallel 49.
During the 19th century, with the entry of the wood industry
that surpassed even the fur industry,
British North America manages to develop its economy,
which encourages large-scale immigration
especially from Scotland and Ireland.
Although on the other hand, there would also be
certain rebellions against the crown such as
that of Louis-Joseph Papineau
that gradually sought more autonomy.
This would be granted gradually, which is reflected
in the Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty (1854),
in which free trade was granted
with the southern country, thus expanding
British North America its markets. On the other hand,
in 1846 with the Oregon Treaty,
this territory is divided into two,
eaving the northern part for the future Canada
that would later become British Columbia.
In 1867,
the next step towards independence was taken
with the creation of the Canadian Confederation,
which would unify the British colonies into a federation
initially composed of four provinces,
Quebec, Ontario, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
Canada was born, although of course,
they would remain subjects of the British crown.
This confederation would expand rapidly
with the annexation of the Northwest and Ruppert Land territories
that had been administered by the Hudson Bay Company
and were delivered in 1870.
The following year,
British Columbia joins the confederation,
and in 1880 the Arctic territories
would do the same, remaining only Newfoundland
under direct British colonial rule.
The first Canadian premier, John Alexander Macdonald
would manage to rule twice.
Although on the one hand he managed to connect
the vast Canadian territory with a railroad
created by the Canadian Pacific Railway, on the other hand
he would be accused as an ethnocide
by causing famines to the natives of the new acquired territories
to appropriate their lands.
This expansion would have certain responses such as
the Red River Rebellion, in which the Metis,
mestizos descendants of indigenous and French led by Louis Riel
riot against the government.
Although they fail to stop the expansion, their land rights
are respected. However, Riel would lead a new failed rebellion
in 1865, after which he would be executed,
becoming a martyr for indigenous peoples.
In 1896 the gold rush arises,
in which this precious metal is found in the Klondike River,
so the province of Yukon is created
detached from the northwest territories.
This would encourage US immigration to
the west coast of Canada.
In 1907, the Newfoundland colony,
which still remained outside the Canadian confederation,
managed to become a British domain,
also gaining autonomy.
The early 20th century was marked by a massive increase in European migration
encouraged by Canadian economic growth
thanks to the exploitation of new resources such as wheat.
With a population of about 8 million people,
Canada demonstrates its loyalty to the British crown
by sending 600,000 soldiers to fight on the side of the Allies
during World War I, having a special participation
in the Third Battle of Ypres and in the Hundred Days Offensive,
where they seal the German surrender. This episode
would cost the lives of some 57,000 Canadian soldiers.
This war intensified the feeling of Canadian identity,
which was benefited from obtaining a place in both
the Paris peace conference
as the newly created League of Nations.
This would be the prelude to the Signature
of the Statute of Westminster (1931),
in which legislative equality is recognized between
the self-governed domains of the British Empire
and the United Kingdom.This is considered by many
to be the independence of Canada. Although ...
Canadians are still subjects of the queen, right?
The 30's was hit by the crash of 29,
which severely affected the Canadian economy
by being closely related to the US economy.
Industrial production fell by half
and 20% unemployment was reached.
Despite this and the isolationist policy that had been adopted,
Canada follows the steps to the United Kingdom
by declaring war on the powers of the axis
at the start of World War II.
In this war, Canada stands out for its participation
in the Normandy Landing, assaulting Juno Beach on D-Day.
Later, Canadian troops would liberate much of Belgium.
On the Pacific front, Canada would also cooperate
with the United States to expel the Japanese
from some islands of the Pacific.
The Canadian economy would recover after the war
thanks to the increase in industrial production
leaving the Canadian territory unharmed.
In 1949, the Newfoundland Domain,
which had voluntarily renounced self-government in 1934,
joined Canada to become the tenth province in the country.
With this, the current Canadian territory is consolidated.
During the Cold War, Canada would be part
of the capitalist bloc with which it would join the NATO
and support the United States in certain conflicts
such as the Korean War, the Sinai War
and the Vietnam War. On the other hand, nationalist Marxist movements
would also appear in the country,
such as the Quebec Liberation Front, which sought
the independence of the Francophone province and to establish
a socialist government, which of course,
would be repressed by the Canadian authorities,
disappearing in 1972.
Some changes occurred in the 1960s,
such as the adoption of the current flag
and the recognition of English and French as official languages.
While Canada's history in general is prosperity
and hard work, it also has a dark side of the coin,
which includes the kidnapping of thousands
of Aboriginal children relocated to Canadian families,
to convert them to their religion and culture.
Uhmmm, this smells like ethnic cleansing
without the need to shed blood.
In 1982, the current Constitution of Canada was adopted
during the government of Pierre Trudeau,
who had to resign two years later, before a slight economic crisis.
During the last decades, Canada has continued to develop,
becoming one of the most prosperous countries in the world
and one of the best welfare states.
In 2015, Pierre Trudeau's son, Justin, takes office.
During his government, a somewhat peculiar mixture
of progressivism and liberalism,
controversial laws such as the right to abortion
and the legalization of marijuana were passed,
in addition to being in favor of LGBT rights
and the feminist movement. All this defending the free market.
And what do you think about this peculiar country?
Prosperous and autonomous but still part of the British crown? ...
Do you think it is an independent country
in every sense of the word?
Do not forget to leave your comment
and if you liked this video, support me with a like
and subscribe to my channel.
Oh, and if you are interested in supporting this project,
any donation in Patreon will be welcome.
Until next time.
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