Aset? Ada yang Lancar, Ada yang Enggak Lho!! | #akuntansi #akuntansidasar

miss_lintangkenisah
7 Oct 202211:43

Summary

TLDRThis video script discusses the classification of assets in accounting, distinguishing between current assets, which are liquid and can be converted to cash within a year, and non-current assets, which are less liquid and have a longer-term value. It covers various types of current assets like cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, inventory, and prepaid expenses. The script also explains non-current assets, including fixed assets like land, buildings, and equipment, long-term investments, and intangible assets such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks. It touches on depreciation and amortization, which reduce the value of these assets over time.

Takeaways

  • 📚 The video explains two classifications of assets: current assets (short-term) and non-current assets (long-term).
  • 💧 The main difference between current and non-current assets lies in liquidity, with current assets being more liquid (convertible to cash in less than a year).
  • 💵 Examples of current assets include cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, inventory, and supplies.
  • 🏠 Non-current assets are less liquid and include fixed assets such as land, buildings, equipment, and long-term investments.
  • 🏭 Fixed assets like land, buildings, and machinery experience depreciation over time, except land, which appreciates due to scarcity.
  • 🎨 Intangible assets include goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks, which hold value but are not physical in nature.
  • 📉 Depreciation reduces the value of fixed assets over time, while land appreciates due to increasing demand.
  • 💼 Goodwill represents the excess value of a company in the market, often identified during mergers or acquisitions.
  • 🛠 Supplies differ from inventory in that they are used internally for company operations, while inventory is sold to customers.
  • 📜 Intangible assets can also undergo amortization, similar to how physical assets depreciate, reducing their book value over time.

Q & A

  • What are the two main classifications of assets in accounting?

    -Assets are classified into two main categories: current assets and non-current assets. Current assets are considered short-term and more liquid, while non-current assets are long-term and less liquid.

  • What is the main difference between current and non-current assets?

    -The main difference lies in liquidity. Current assets can be quickly converted into cash (typically within one year), while non-current assets take longer to convert into cash, often over a period longer than one year.

  • What are some examples of current assets?

    -Examples of current assets include cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, inventory, and supplies.

  • How do accounts receivable differ from notes receivable?

    -Accounts receivable refer to debts owed to the company without formal documentation, while notes receivable are debts with written agreements, such as contracts.

  • What is the difference between inventory and supplies?

    -Inventory consists of goods intended for sale to customers, while supplies are items used for the company's internal operations, like office materials.

  • What are prepaid expenses and how are they classified?

    -Prepaid expenses are payments made in advance for services or benefits to be received in the future, such as insurance, rent, or advertising. These are classified as current assets.

  • What are some examples of non-current assets?

    -Examples of non-current assets include fixed assets like land, buildings, equipment, long-term investments, and intangible assets such as goodwill, patents, and trademarks.

  • Why doesn't land experience depreciation?

    -Land doesn’t experience depreciation because it is a limited resource that tends to increase in value over time due to scarcity, unlike buildings or equipment, which depreciate due to wear and tear.

  • What is goodwill, and how is it recognized in accounting?

    -Goodwill is the value attributed to a company's brand, reputation, or other intangible factors. It is recognized when the market value of a company exceeds the value of its physical assets, typically during acquisitions or mergers.

  • How is depreciation treated for fixed assets, and what is its purpose?

    -Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life due to wear and tear or obsolescence. Its purpose is to reflect the decrease in value of an asset over time and is recorded as an expense in the financial statements.

Outlines

00:00

📊 Introduction to Asset Classification in Accounting

This section introduces the classification of assets based on liquidity, focusing on current and non-current assets. Miss Lintang explains that current assets (or liquid assets) can be converted into cash within a year, such as cash, short-term investments, and receivables. Non-current assets, on the other hand, have a longer time frame and include fixed assets, long-term investments, and intangible assets like patents. The difference in liquidity is highlighted, with current assets being more liquid than non-current assets.

05:01

💼 Non-Current Assets and Depreciation

This paragraph delves into non-current assets, which are less liquid compared to current assets, requiring more time to convert into cash. It discusses fixed assets like land, buildings, and equipment, noting how depreciation applies to most fixed assets (except land) over time. Depreciation is explained as the reduction in the value of assets due to wear and tear, requiring periodic adjustments in financial records. The concept of depreciation is also tied to economic principles such as the scarcity of land, which increases its value instead of reducing it.

10:04

🏦 Long-Term Investments and Intangible Assets

This section explores long-term investments and intangible assets. Long-term investments include stocks and bonds intended for long-term holding. Intangible assets such as goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks are explained. Goodwill is defined as the additional value a company holds in the market beyond its actual asset value, typically recognized during company listings. Patents protect innovative products, copyrights secure original works, and trademarks safeguard brands. These intangible assets can be appraised for their monetary value and are subject to amortization, similar to depreciation for tangible assets.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Current Asset

A current asset refers to any asset that a company expects to convert into cash or use up within one year or one operating cycle, whichever is longer. In the video, current assets are discussed as the first classification of assets in accounting. Examples include cash, short-term investments, and accounts receivable. The script mentions 'current asset' as something that can be liquidated quickly, usually within less than a year.

💡Non-Current Asset

Non-current assets, also known as long-term assets, are those that are not expected to be converted into cash or used up within one year. These include fixed assets, long-term investments, and intangible assets. The video script contrasts non-current assets with current assets, stating that they are less liquid and are typically held for more than one year, such as in the case of 'fixed asset' or 'long-term investment'.

💡Liquidity

Liquidity in the context of the video refers to the ability of an asset to be converted into cash quickly and with ease. The script uses the term 'liquid' to differentiate between current and non-current assets, explaining that current assets are more liquid and can be quickly turned into cash, which is essential for a company's short-term financial health.

💡Fixed Asset

Fixed assets, also known as tangible assets, are long-term assets that are used in the operation of a business and are not intended for sale. The video script mentions examples such as land, buildings, and equipment. These assets are subject to depreciation, which is the decrease in value over time due to wear and tear or obsolescence.

💡Depreciation

Depreciation is the process of allocating the cost of a fixed asset over its useful life. It is used to account for the decline in value of tangible assets. The script explains that fixed assets like buildings and equipment will experience depreciation over time, which is a key concept in accounting for the financial health and asset valuation of a company.

💡Long-Term Investment

Long-term investments are investments that are expected to be held for many years, such as stocks or bonds. The video script discusses long-term investments as a type of non-current asset, suggesting that they are part of a company's long-term financial strategy and are not intended for short-term liquidity.

💡Intangible Asset

Intangible assets are non-physical assets like patents, copyrights, and trademarks that have value to a company. The video script explains that these assets do not have a physical form but are valuable because they provide rights or exclusive access to certain intellectual properties.

💡Goodwill

Goodwill represents the value of a company's reputation, brand recognition, or customer relationships that exceeds the fair market value of its physical assets. The script mentions goodwill as part of intangible assets, arising when there is a difference between the market value of a company and the value of its tangible assets.

💡Inventory

Inventory refers to the goods a company has on hand for sale to customers. The video script differentiates inventory from supplies, stating that inventory is intended for sale, while supplies (like 'stationery' or 'equipment') are used in the company's operations.

💡Prepaid Expenses

Prepaid expenses are costs that are paid for in advance of receiving the benefit of the service or product. The video script gives examples such as prepaid insurance or prepaid rent, explaining that these are considered current assets because they are paid in advance but the benefit will be realized over time.

💡Account Receivable

Account receivable, also known as 'receivables' or 'trade receivables', refers to money that is owed by customers who have purchased goods or services on credit. The video script mentions 'account receivable' as a type of current asset, indicating that it is money that the company is expected to receive within a short period.

Highlights

Introduction to asset classifications: Current assets and Non-current assets.

Current assets are considered more liquid and typically have a short-term maturity of less than one year.

Non-current assets, also called long-term assets, are held for more than one year and have lower liquidity.

Current assets include cash, short-term investments, accounts receivable, inventory, supplies, and prepaid expenses.

Accounts receivable (Piutang Lancar) and notes receivable (Piutang Wesel) differ based on written contracts, with notes receivable being more formal.

Inventory is meant for sale, while supplies are used internally within the company for operational purposes.

Prepaid expenses (e.g., prepaid insurance, rent, and advertising) are payments made in advance, and the benefits will be realized in the future.

Non-current assets include fixed assets such as land, buildings, and equipment, along with long-term investments and intangible assets.

Fixed assets depreciate over time, except for land, which is considered to appreciate due to scarcity.

Depreciation is applied to buildings, equipment, and vehicles due to wear and tear, while land does not depreciate.

Long-term investments include holdings such as stocks and bonds, which are held for extended periods.

Intangible assets like goodwill, patents, copyrights, and trademarks hold value but are non-physical in nature.

Goodwill represents a company's brand reputation, often measured during acquisitions when the market value exceeds asset value.

Amortization is used for intangible assets, reducing their value over time, similar to depreciation for physical assets.

Accumulated depreciation acts as a contra asset, meaning it reduces the overall value of the asset on the balance sheet.

Transcripts

play00:00

atau bisa juga dikatakan sebagai aset

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lancar lalu klasifikasi yang kedua

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adalah non current aset atau dikatakan

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sebagai aset tidak lancar perbedaannya

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apa

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Hai kembali lagi dengan Miss Lintang

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kita masuk pada materi di video kali ini

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dimana kita akan mengenal jenis akun

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dalam akuntansi di video sebelumnya

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sudah sempat Saya bahas terkait dengan

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elemen-elemen apa saja sih yang ada di

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dalam akuntansi Nah untuk Sekarang kita

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akan lebih berfokus di akun-akunnya ya

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yang ada di dalam akuntansi sekarang

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kita masuk ke elemen yang pertama yaitu

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aset atau harta berdasarkan peraturan

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standar akuntansi yang terbaru aset atau

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harta ini diklasifikasi menjadi dua ada

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yang dikatakan sebagai current asset

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atau bisa juga dikatakan sebagai aset

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lancar lalu klasifikasi yang kedua

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adalah non current asset atau dikatakan

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sebagai aset tidak lancar perbedaannya

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Apa perbedaan yang pertama adalah

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dilihat dari sisi liquidnya liqu di sini

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maksudnya adalah secepat dan semudah apa

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suatu aset itu bisa ditunaikan

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ditunaikan tuh maksudnya menjadi bentuk

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cash ya Nah kalau current aset itu

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biasanya jangkanya jangka pendek Jadi

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mungkin bisa dikatakan kurang dari 1

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tahun tapi kalau aset tidak lancar atau

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nonkeran aset itu adalah lebih dari satu

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tahun atau bisa juga dikatakan sebagai

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aset jangka panjang ya sementara kalau

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karena aset tuh aset jangka pendek Jadi

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kalau seperti ini kita bisa lihat bahwa

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yang lebih Liquid itu adalah Karan aset

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sementara non karena aset itu dianggap

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kurang Liquid maka dari itu anggota dari

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nonkeran aset biasanya itu adalah fix

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asset atau aset tetap lalu kemudian ada

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juga long time investment

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investasi-investasi jangka panjang dan

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yang terakhir itu adalah intensible

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asset atau aset-aset yang tidak berwujud

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Oke kita akan bahas yang pertama adalah

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dari sisi Karan aset seperti yang tadi

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saya bahas bahwa karena aset ini adalah

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aset-aset yang dianggap Liquid oleh

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perusahaan atau istilahnya bisa lebih

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cepat ditunaikan untuk bisa menghasilkan

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cash maka cash sendiri itu atau uang

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tunai itu akan masuk ke klasifikasi

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karena asset yang kedua adalah shortcum

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investment jadi investasi investasi

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jangka pendek lalu kemudian ada istilah

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juga yang namanya piutang lancar piutang

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lancar di sini atau account receivable

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maksudnya adalah jenis piutang-piutang

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yang tidak ada bukti nota tertulisnya

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sementara yang ada nota tertulisnya itu

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dikatakan piutang wesel atau notes

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revable ini saya padu padankan antara

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bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Inggris

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ya teman-teman Nah ini karena dia

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sebetulnya ada catatan tertulisnya atau

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ada kontrak perjanjian tertulisnya jadi

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not selisih fabel ini juga bisa nanti

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diklasifikasikan sebagai non current

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asset jika

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jangka waktunya lebih lama daripada satu

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periode akuntansi tersebut oke lalu

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kemudian ada inventory atau persediaan

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barang dan kemudian ada Splash atau

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perlengkapan bedanya apa bedanya antara

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suprise dengan inventory adalah kalau

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surprise biasanya

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perlengkapan-perlengkapan yang dipakai

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untuk kegiatan perusahaan kegiatan

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operasionalnya perusahaan contoh mereka

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perlu ngeprint bukti faktur atau bukti

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penjualannya mereka Maka mereka perlu

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kertas kertas tersebut akan dicatat

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sebagai surprise atau misalnya alat

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tulis kantor alat tulis kantor juga akan

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dikatakan sebagai surprise sementara

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kalau inventory inventory adalah barang

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yang ditujukan untuk dijual ya jadi

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inventory ini akan dijual ke konsumen

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atau ke Pelanggan dari perusahaan

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tersebut itu bedanya ya jadi inventory

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ditunjukkan untuk di sementara surprise

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itu ditujukan untuk dipakai sendiri oleh

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perusahaan di sini juga ada yang

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merupakan prepaid ya di sini saya

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contohkan ada tiga prepaid prepaid

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insurance prepaid Rain and prepaid

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advertisement atau beban-beban yang

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intinya adalah dibayar di muka

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beban-beban yang dibayar di muka berarti

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misalnya asuransi jatuh temponya tiap

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bulan nih tapi biar perusahaan nggak

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pusing dia bayar untuk 1 tahun sewa sewa

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sebenarnya bisa bayar bulanan hanya

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perusahaan akhirnya memutuskan untuk

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sewa 1 tahun

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advertisement pun juga sama seperti itu

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konsepnya Jadi intinya adalah semua yang

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dibayarkan di awal tapi perusahaan belum

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merasakan manfaatnya jadi sesuai ya

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dengan konteks definisi dari aset dimana

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dia akan dimanfaatkan di masa datang Nah

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selama ini belum dimanfaatkan atau baru

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akan dimanfaatkan di masa datang maka

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bisa kita klik sebagai aset kita lanjut

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ke yang nonkeran aset kalau untuk non

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current aset berarti aset-aset yang

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dianggap tingkat likuiditasnya lebih

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rendah lah ya dibandingkan dengan aset

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yang diklasifikasikan sebagai current

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aset kalau non curren aset bukan berarti

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tidak Liquid Ya teman-teman hanya

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tingkat likuiditasnya lebih rendah Jadi

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desainnya kalau misal kita mau jual tuh

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perlu waktu lama lah istilahnya untuk

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bisa dapatkan uang tunainya Oke kita

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akan lihat dari sisi fixednya dulu kalau

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misalnya dari sisi fix asset di sini

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mudahnya nih ya teman-teman ada tanah di

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atas tanah ada gedung lalu kemudian di

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dalam gedung ada equipment dan di luar

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gedung ada pihak ya itu sebetulnya

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mudahnya Jadi kalau misalnya teman-teman

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mau mempelajari terkait dengan

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fix aset ya ini ya kurang lebih ya

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gambarannya biar langsung tergambar nih

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Oh ternyata seperti itu di sini kalau

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teman-teman perhatikan itu selalu ada

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istilah aku ngelihatnya depreciation aku

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melihat depreciation hanya lem yang

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tidak memiliki nilai akumulator

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depreciation Maksudnya gimana karena fix

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aset itu kan dipakai lebih dari satu

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periode akuntansi atau lebih dari satu

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tahun ya dipakai untuk jangka waktu yang

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cukup panjang selama jangka waktu yang

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panjang itu pastinya akan ada keusangan

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yang terjadi jadi keusangan tuh gimana

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sih misalnya rumah tuh jadi kurang bagus

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chatnya gitu kan Ya gedung nih gedung

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kurang bagus chatnya atau mungkin

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tegelnya Perlu diperbaiki dan lain

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sebagainya kalau misalnya peralatan

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mungkin tiba-tiba misalnya komputer

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sistemnya yang perlu di-update atau udah

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out of date sehingga tidak bisa

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digunakan lagi dan perlu diganti baru

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dan lain sebagainya jadi ada pengurangan

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nilai dari si soto aset ini itu perlu

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diterjemahkan dalam bentuk uang Jadi

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kira-kira berapa tuh nilai

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pengurangannya nanti akan ada

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estimasinya nah ini lebih jelasin Nanti

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akan saya jelaskan di

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penyesuaian bagian penyusutan aset tetap

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ya teman-teman untuk gedung untuk

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peralatan dan untuk kendaraan itu akan

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mengalami yang namanya depresiasi atau

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keusangan tadi karena nilainya dia akan

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menurun nilai dari barangnya ya

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teman-teman akan menurun sementara kalau

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kita lihat dari Plan atau tanah tanah

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ini tidak akan pernah mengalami yang

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namanya penyusutan alasannya apa karena

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tanah semakin langka jadi kita akan

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masuk ke konsep ekonomi ya scarcity atau

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kelangkaan kalau ada sesuatu yang langka

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makin lama makin langka berarti nggak

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mungkin nilainya turun nilainya akan

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semakin naik nah itu yang terjadi pada

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tanah lalu kemudian akan timbul

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pertanyaan lagi kenapa kok kalau kita

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lihat properti properti kok harganya

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makin naik properti itu dijual sepaket

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biasanya antara tanah dengan bangunannya

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Ya kan karena ada komponen tanahnya jadi

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sebetulnya nilai tanahnya itu yang

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semakin naik Walaupun ada juga properti

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yang kita beli hanya tanahnya saja ya

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Tanah kosong bisa juga nah ini kita

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bahas yang sepaket antara tanah dengan

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bangunannya karena sepaket dan dimana

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tanah itu nilainya tidak menyusut

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melainkan nilainya semakin naik itulah

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yang mengakibatkan harga properti

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semakin mahal oke nah lalu kemudian kita

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bahas kalau long time investment tuh

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investasi-investasi jangka panjang ya

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Kayak misalnya beli saham mau obligasi

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itu dibeli untuk kontrak jangka panjang

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untuk yang aset tidak berwujud kita akan

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bahas ada goodwill paten copyright sama

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treat Mark goodwill jadi ternyata

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perusahaan itu memiliki nilai goodwill

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atau nilai nama baik atau nilai Citra

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perusahaan yang

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diterjemahkan dalam bentuk uang biasanya

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terjadi Kapan sih terjadinya kalau ada

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proses listing

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Jadi kalau misalnya ada proses listing

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di perusahaan biasanya nanti akan ada

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dua nilai nilai perusahaan yang dilihat

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dari sisi market atau pasar dan nilai

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perusahaan asli ya nilai aset

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perusahaannya berapa biasanya akan ada

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selisih Nih misalnya

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nilai aset perusahaan itu cuman 1 M

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hanya saja nilai perusahaan di mata

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masyarakat atau Citra perusahaan itu

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bisa mencapai di 4m Berarti ada

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selisihkan selisih 3M nah selisih 3M ini

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yang kita akui sebagai goodwill lalu

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kemudian paten paten di sini adalah

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pengukuhan yang dilakukan oleh

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perusahaan Karena dia sudah berhasil

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menemukan sebuah inovasi baru atas suatu

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produk nah biasanya penemuan inilah yang

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nantinya akan dipatenkan sehingga

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perusahaan lain tidak bisa menggunakan

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penemuan yang sama jadi perlu melakukan

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inovasi yang berbeda sementara kalau

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untuk copy copyright ini adalah

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pengukuhan atas karya original

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karya-karyanya tuh seperti apa sih

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karya-karyanya bisa berupa literatur

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musik seni

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arsitektur software koreografi itu hak

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cipta sementara kalau trademark berarti

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merk dagangnya yang di daftarkan untuk

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aset tidak berwujud ini bisa

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diterjemahkan nilainya dalam bentuk uang

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biasanya nanti akan ada jasa penilai

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yang akan melakukan penilaian terhadap

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aset-aset yang tidak berwujud kita

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kembali sedikit ya sebelum kelupaan di

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bagian face tadi untuk nilai akumulasi

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depresiasi ini sifatnya adalah kontra

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Dari aset ya teman-teman Jadi kalau aset

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tadi kita lihat saldo normal yang ada di

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sisi debit Jadi kalau bertambah dia ada

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di sisi debit sementara kalau aku mulai

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titip precision ini kalau bertambah dia

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akan diletakkan di sisi kredit

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jadi sifatnya dia adalah kalau muncul

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nih akumulatif depreciation-nya dia akan

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mengurangi nilai aset begitu ya

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teman-teman Nah untuk aset tidak

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berwujud ini juga sebetulnya ada nilai

play11:21

penyusutannya disebut sebagai amortisasi

play11:24

amortisasinya ini kita akan masukkan

play11:27

juga sebagai kontra Dari aset Oke untuk

play11:32

pengenalan akun part 1 kita berhenti di

play11:35

aset dulu ya teman-teman nanti simak

play11:38

video selanjutnya tentang akun-akun yang

play11:40

lain ya bye

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