Jakarta's Future in Sustainable Housing | Indonesia | FES Asia
Summary
TLDRJakarta, the capital of Indonesia, faces rapid urbanization and land subsidence, with predictions of sinking by 2050 due to climate change. Historical urban planning has been inconsistent, leading to informal settlements and inadequate housing for the vulnerable. The government is now engaging residents in developing areas like Kampung Akuarium, aiming for sustainable housing and green spaces. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for better urban planning, emphasizing clean water, sanitation, and community participation in creating a healthier, more sustainable city.
Takeaways
- đïž Jakarta is experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to a densely populated city with significant challenges.
- đ The city is sinking at a rate of up to 7.8 cm per year due to excessive groundwater extraction and the intrusion of seawater.
- đĄïž Climate change is exacerbating the problem, with rising sea levels threatening to submerge Jakarta by 2050.
- đïž Historical urban planning in Jakarta has been inconsistent, with different approaches from colonial times to the present.
- đïž There is a persistent dichotomy between formal and informal settlements, with informal areas often being overlooked in planning.
- đł The high cost of land and land injustice have led to the neglect of housing needs and a lack of green spaces in the city.
- đĄ The government is now actively involving residents in the development of areas previously deemed unsuitable for habitation, like Kampung Akuarium.
- đż The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of proper housing and sanitation, with many Jakartans living in cramped conditions.
- đ° Clean water and sanitation are significant issues, with many water sources contaminated by household waste.
- đ± Only 14.9% of Jakarta is green open space, far below the ideal 30% for a healthy city.
- đł The city needs better urban planning, with a focus on providing clean water, sanitation, and green spaces.
- đïž Involving residents in the planning process is crucial for creating sustainable and healthy housing solutions.
Q & A
Why is Jakarta predicted to sink by 2050?
-Jakarta is predicted to sink by 2050 due to rapid urbanization, excessive groundwater extraction, and the impact of global warming causing sea levels to rise.
What is the historical impact of urban planning in Jakarta?
-Historical urban planning in Jakarta has been marked by a lack of continuity and a dichotomy between formal and informal structures, leading to issues such as land injustice and inadequate housing.
How does the informal sector affect Jakarta's urban planning?
-The informal sector often leads to the occupation of vulnerable areas such as riverbanks and coastal areas, which are considered slums or illegal settlements, despite being a result of poor urban planning.
What is the Kampung Akuarium project in Jakarta?
-Kampung Akuarium is a community development project in Penjaringan, North Jakarta, which began in August 2020, aiming to involve residents in transforming their neighborhoods into areas with green spaces and public facilities.
What is the significance of the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to Jakarta's urban planning?
-The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of good and healthy urban planning, especially in densely populated areas, emphasizing the need for clean water, sanitation, and green spaces.
What is the current state of green spaces in Jakarta?
-Jakarta currently has only 14.9% green open spaces, which is far below the ideal of at least 30% for a city.
How does the lack of proper housing affect the vulnerable groups in Jakarta?
-The lack of proper housing affects vulnerable groups by forcing them to live in risky areas, often leading to poor living conditions and a lack of access to basic services.
What role does community participation play in Jakarta's urban development?
-Community participation is crucial in Jakarta's urban development as it empowers residents, especially the economically weak, to be active decision-makers in improving their living conditions.
What are the key elements of sustainable urban planning for Jakarta?
-Key elements of sustainable urban planning for Jakarta include providing good infrastructure, ensuring clean water and sanitation, creating green spaces, and integrating community participation.
How can Jakarta's urban planning be more ecologically friendly?
-Jakarta's urban planning can be more ecologically friendly by focusing on sustainable policies, creating walkable neighborhoods, and reducing carbon footprints.
What is the 'five-minute walk' rule mentioned in the script?
-The 'five-minute walk' rule is a guideline suggesting that all essential services and facilities should be within a five-minute walking distance to create a livable and sustainable city.
Outlines
đ Jakarta's Urban Challenges
The script discusses Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, as a densely populated city facing rapid urbanization since the 1970s. This has led to a significant increase in skyscrapers, causing a substantial drawdown of groundwater, leading to land subsidence at a rate of 7-8 cm per year. The situation is exacerbated by rising sea levels due to global warming, with predictions that Jakarta could be submerged by 2050. Historically, Jakarta has seen various approaches to urban development from pre-colonial times to the present, with each era having different impacts on city planning. There has been a consistent dichotomy between formal and informal structures, with the city's development often favoring skyscrapers and educational centers over residential areas and green spaces. This has resulted in high land prices and injustice in land acquisition. The government's focus has been on housing as a sectoral issue rather than a basic human right, leading to inadequate housing strategies and forced evictions. Nearly half of Jakarta's area is deemed unsuitable for habitation, and the city's poor planning has left vulnerable groups, often residing in riverbanks and coastal areas, in informal and illegal settlements.
đïž Prioritizing Sustainable Urban Development
The second paragraph emphasizes the need for good infrastructure and clean water as a foundation for healthy urban development, especially in densely populated areas. It suggests that land consolidation, such as combining several houses into one row house, could free up space for green areas. The script highlights the importance of community participation in transforming neighborhoods, with the government prioritizing housing for the lower and middle classes. It also stresses the need to empower vulnerable groups to become decision-makers in improving their living conditions. The script advocates for a shift towards ecological urban development with sustainable policies and planning that focus on a five-minute walking radius for all amenities. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of active community involvement in the development process, especially for those in the lower strata of society, to ensure that housing development is integrated with environmental considerations, making the city more resilient to ecological crises, economic downturns, and pandemic situations.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄUrbanization
đĄLand Subsidence
đĄFormal and Informal Urban Dichotomy
đĄEnvironmental Disaster
đĄHousing Sector
đĄKampung
đĄParticipation
đĄPandemic
đĄSustainable Development
đĄEcological Crisis
đĄSocial and Ecological Transition
Highlights
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia with the highest population density.
High urbanization rates have led to rapid population growth in Jakarta since the 1970s.
Rapid construction of skyscrapers and excessive groundwater extraction have caused land subsidence.
Land subsidence in Jakarta is as high as seven to eight centimeters per year.
Seawater intrusion is moving further inland due to land subsidence and global warming.
Jakarta is predicted to sink by the year 2050 due to ecological disasters.
Jakarta's ecological issues are deeply rooted in its historical urban development.
Different periods of Jakarta's history have had varying approaches to urban development.
Throughout history, Jakarta has consistently experienced a dichotomy between formal and informal urban structures.
High land prices due to land injustice have led to the expansion of high-rise buildings.
Education centers have shifted, affecting the allocation of land for housing and green spaces.
The housing issue in Jakarta has been treated as a sectoral problem rather than a basic human right.
Housing has always been a plan but never a strategy for fulfilling basic rights.
Nearly half of Jakarta's area is considered unsuitable for habitation according to the National Land Agency.
The government of DKI Jakarta is now building unsuitable areas with active community participation.
Kampung Akuarium is an example of community-involved development in North Jakarta.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of good and healthy housing planning, especially in densely populated areas.
Nearly one-third of Jakarta's population still lives in less than 1.5 square meters per capita.
Sanitation is a problem in Jakarta due to the proximity of water sources to household waste streams.
Only 14.9% of Jakarta's area is green open space, far below the ideal 30%.
The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for good housing planning and infrastructure.
The government of Jakarta should prioritize building housing for the lower and middle classes and involve the community actively.
Jakarta must transition to a more sustainable and ecological development pattern.
The participation of all stakeholders in the housing development process is crucial for a sustainable city.
Active involvement of the community, especially the most vulnerable, is essential for sustainable development.
Transcripts
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Hai sebagai ibukota negara Jakarta
merupakan kota dengan penduduk terpadat
di Indonesia tingginya arus urbanisasi
ke Jakarta sejak tahun 1970-an membuat
pertambahan penduduk meningkat begitu
pesat pembangunan gedung-gedung pencakar
langit serta pengambilan air tanah dalam
jumlah besar menyebabkan penurunan batas
permukaan tanah yang mencapai tujuh
setengah sentimeter per tahunnya intrusi
air laut pun semakin jauh ke daratan ini
semua diperburuk dengan naiknya
permukaan air laut akibat pemanasan
global sehingga kota Jakarta diprediksi
akan tenggelam pada tahun 2050 bencana
ekologis yang melimpah Jakarta saat ini
juga tidak terlepas dari sejarah
pembangunan kota Jakarta dan para
penguasanya mulai dari periode Pra
kolonial kolonial orde lama orde
itu hingga kini orde reformasi
masing-masing memiliki pendekatan
pembangunan yang berbeda akibatnya
perencanaan tata kota hampir tidak
pernah berkesinambungan yang menarik
dari ratusan sejarah Jakarta memang ada
kecenderungan Dimas atau tentu pemimpin
siapapun di masa tersebut itu berusaha
menghancurkan lapisan sejarah yang yang
ditaklukan sebelumnya tapi saya rasa ada
satu yang terus-menerus konsisten gitu
dari siapapun apapun lehernya yaitu
dikotomi antara formal dan informal jadi
mau apapun lahirnya dikotomi antara
bangunan formal dan kampung itu selalu
ada gitu di masa apapun itu mahalnya
harga tanah akibat ketidakadilan dalam
penguasaan lahan ekspansi gedung-gedung
bertingkat dan pusat perbelajaan
menggeser berbagai lahan yang seharusnya
bisa dialokasikan menjadi Perumahan dan
ruang terbuka hijau
Hai hal ini berdampak buruk bagi warga
Kota Jakarta terutama kelompok rentan
yang terpaksa menempati daerah aliran
sungai dan pesisir teluk Jakarta dan
yang seringkali dianggap kumuh ilegal
dan liar Padahal mereka adalah korban
dari perencanaan kota di sektor
perumahan yang sangat buruk selama ini
rumahan selalu dianggap sebagai isu
sektoral dan bukan sebagai pemenuhan hak
dasar maka hunian selalu menjadi rencana
kerja saja tapi dia tidak pernah menjadi
strategi pemenuhan hak dasar gitu gagal
dia sebenarnya hak asasi manusia karena
dia sebagai sektoral maka dia hanya
dipecahkan dari soal pembiayaan saja
lalu hanya dipecahkan dari Berapa jumlah
unit yang terbangun tapi tidak pernah
dipecahkan Bagaimana caranya mencegah
penggusuran contohnya
Hai data Badan Pertanahan Nasional
menyebutkan hampir separuh wilayah di
Jakarta masih tergolong tidak layak huni
di
Hai namun kini pemerintah DKI Jakarta
mulai membangun daerah-daerah tidak
layak huni dengan melibatkan partisipasi
aktif dari warga nya salah satunya
adalah Kampung akuarium yang terletak di
wilayah Penjaringan Jakarta Utara yang
pembangunannya mulai diimplementasikan
pada bulan Agustus 2020 di kampung
akuarium warga bisa berbagi mulai dari
ruang terbuka hijau fasilitas umum
hingga taman bermain dengan begitu
setiap bagian kampung bisa dimanfaatkan
secara maksimal untuk kepentingan
warganya pembangunan perkampungan yang
melibatkan partisipasi aktif warga
diharapkan dapat mewujudkan Hunian yang
layak dan sehat serta selaras dengan
kebutuhan modernitas dan lingkungan
hidup
Hai menyenangkan jika itu rezeki mungkin
tahun 2020 pandemi covert 19 merebak tak
terkecuali Indonesia dan Jakarta
merupakan penyumbang tertinggi kasus
covert 19 berdasarkan data BPS hampir
sepertiga penduduk Jakarta masih
menghuni lahan kurang dari tujuh
setengah meter persegi per kapitanya
kebersihan air dan sanitasi juga menjadi
masalah hal ini dikarenakan banyak
sumber air tanah yang berdekatan dengan
sumber aliran limbah rumah tangga
begitupun juga pembangunan ruang terbuka
hijau yang selama ini Abay dilakukan
oleh pemerintah kota Jakarta data
menunjukkan di Jakarta hanya ada 14,9
persen ruang terbuka hijau yang idealnya
setiap Kota setidaknya memiliki 30%
Hai berbahagia covert 19 menyadarkan
kita semua betapa pentingnya perencanaan
pembangunan perumahan yang baik dan
sehat terutama wilayah padat penduduk
pertama adalah yang harus dikelola
sebetulnya harus menyediakan
infrastruktur yang baik dulu ya Jadi ada
air bersih kemudian juga ada asal Unair
kotor jadi secara kesehatan dia baik
begitu kemudian ke satu persatu kita
bisa benahin dengan memberikan ruang
terbuka sebetulnya ada yang disebut
sebagai konsolidasi tanah misalnya
Menggabungkan beberapa rumah menjadi
satu rumah deret misalnya dan sisa
tanahnya itu digunakan untuk ruang
terbuka hijau jadi kesepakatan dari
warga itu boleh dikatakan prasyarat
utama untuk berubah dan mengubah lebih
baik lingkungan perumahannya itu menjadi
nomor satu jadi artinya kalau
memungkinkan bangunan
bangunan itu cukup padat tetapi punya
ruang terbuka di sekelilingnya
pembangunan perkampungan dan penyediaan
Perumahan bagi warganya terutama kelas
menengah kebawah dan pelibatan aktif
warganya harus menjadi prioritas
pemerintah kota Jakarta kalau misalnya
kita mau transisi ke abad sosial
ekologis yang lebih Lestari dan
sebagainya yang pertama kali kita target
adalah orang yang paling rentan ya orang
yang paling rentan itu biasanya orang
yang ekonominya lemah orang yang tinggal
di kawasan rawan blue ditingkatkan
kualitas hidupnya Thomas huniannya
mereka menjadi subyek bukan jadi objek
gitu Jadi mereka jadi pelaku perbaikan
juga jadi sampai sebegitu peran
partisipasi mereka gitu jadi enggak
enggak bisa menjadi cuma penerima aja
tapi mereka juga harus diberdayakan
untuk menjadi pengambil keputusan
paling penting gitu kota Jakarta harus
berubah ke pola pembangunan ekologis
yang lebih baik pendekatan perencanaan
kota pun harus mengarah pada kebijakan
yang lebih sustainable dan ramah
lingkungan semua terjangkau dalam jarak
tempuh lima menit jalan kaki ya kalau
rule of thumb semuanya ada begitu
mungkin complexity begitu ya atau
misterius gitu ya jadi kita coba ada
beberapa beberapa fungsi jadi dia dalam
satu never hurt Ya sudah bisa hidup dia
tidak perlu harus pergi ke tempat jauh
ya dari karbon print dari Seo dan
sebagainya Itu juga bisa menolong planet
bumi gitu ya pembangunan perumahan di
Jakarta haruslah diintegrasikan oleh
semua stakeholder keberpihakan pada
lingkungan hidup dalam proses
pembangunan Perumahan Kota menjadikan
kota lebih tahan terhadap bencana
ekologi krisis ekonomi dan mampu
beradaptasi pada situasi pandemi
seperti saat ini dan kunci dari semua
itu adalah partisipasi aktif dan
keterlibatan dalam proses pembangunan
dari setiap warganya terutama mereka
yang berada di lapisan terbawah
[Musik]
hai hai
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