Culture and Cultural Values

Summary

This video script from MOT 115 delves into the intricacies of trans-cultural communication, focusing on culture and cultural values. It defines culture as shared lifestyles, languages, and traditions passed down through generations. The lecture explores how cultural values shape worldviews, relationships, and expectations, especially concerning time. It contrasts American and Asian values, emphasizing individualism versus group orientation, and respect for authority versus resistance. The script also touches on subcultures, the adaptability of culture, and the influence of universal events like birth and death. It concludes with a discussion on various cultural groups within the U.S., their values, and the importance of understanding these differences for effective communication.

Takeaways

• 🌐 Culture encompasses the shared lifestyles, languages, behaviors, traditions, and beliefs that are learned and passed down through generations.
• 🕰 Cultural values influence a person's worldview, philosophy of life, relationship with the environment, religion, and time expectations.
• 👀 In the U.S., punctuality is valued, whereas in countries like Italy and Spain, a more flexible approach to time is accepted.
• 🤝 Understanding cultural norms is crucial for effective communication, especially in professional settings like healthcare.
• 🌱 Culture is adaptive and changes over time due to environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.
• 🌟 Immigrants must assimilate into new cultures by learning and internalizing the values and traditions of their host country.
• 🏡 Subcultures exist within larger cultures, each with distinct values and expectations, often based on factors like age, gender, or shared interests.
• 🔄 Cultural values function as a set of rules that guide interactions, problem-solving, sense of belonging, and identity.
• 🌍 Comparisons between American and Asian cultures highlight differences in individualism, attitudes towards authority, family structures, and respect for tradition.
• 🏆 American culture places a high value on competition and innovation, while Asian cultures emphasize group harmony and respect for the past.
• 👥 Other cultures, such as Hispanic, African-American, Native American, Amish, Filipino, Iranian, Irish, and Jewish, each have unique values and traditions that contribute to the diversity of the United States.

Q & A

What is the definition of culture according to the script?

Culture is defined as the common lifestyles, languages, behavior patterns, traditions, and beliefs that are learned and passed from one generation to the next.

How does culture influence a person's worldview and expectations?

Culture helps determine a person's worldview, philosophy of life, relationship to the environment, religion, and expectations about time.

What is the difference in the concept of being 'on time' between the United States and countries like Italy, Spain, and parts of Africa?

In the United States, being on time often means showing up 10-15 minutes early, whereas in Italy, Spain, and parts of Africa, being on time is considered as arriving anytime within the agreed hour.

Why is it important to understand cultural differences when working with patients and clients?

Understanding cultural differences is important to know what patients and clients are comfortable with and what they are uncomfortable with, allowing for more effective and respectful interactions.

How does culture adapt over time and what factors contribute to this adaptation?

Culture is adaptive and changes over time due to environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.

What does the term 'subculture' mean and how can it form within a larger culture?

Subcultures are smaller groups within a larger culture, each with its own values and expectations. They can form based on age, gender, religion, or shared activities, often emerging and being recognized from the outside before being acknowledged from within.

How does the script describe the difference between American and Asian cultural values regarding individualism and group orientation?

Americans value individualism and independence, while Asians focus more on group orientation where the benefit of the group is more important than that of an individual.

What is the cultural expectation regarding eye contact in the United States versus some Asian countries?

In the United States, making eye contact is expected when speaking with someone, but in some Asian countries, it is considered rude.

How does the script differentiate between American and Hispanic values in terms of family structure?

Americans typically have smaller families, often nuclear or blended, while Hispanics tend to have larger family structures, including extended family members like second and third cousins.

What is the script's perspective on the importance of tradition versus innovation in American and Asian cultures?

Americans value innovation and progress, often showing less concern for preserving older buildings, while Asians value tradition and are more reluctant to demolish older structures because they represent their heritage.

How does the script describe the cultural differences between Americans and African Americans in terms of focus on the present versus the future?

White Americans tend to focus on the future, while African Americans, like Hispanics, tend to focus more on the present.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Understanding Culture and Cultural Values

The first paragraph introduces the concept of culture and its significance in trans-cultural communication. Culture is defined as the shared lifestyles, languages, behaviors, traditions, and beliefs passed down through generations. It shapes a person's worldview, philosophy of life, and expectations about time. The script uses examples like the difference in time perception between the United States and countries like Italy or Spain, and the varying social norms around eye contact in the United States and some Asian countries. It also discusses how cultural values adapt over time due to factors like environmental changes, wars, migrations, and technology. The importance of understanding culture is emphasized for effective communication, especially in professional settings like healthcare.

05:01

🏥 Culture in Healthcare and Subcultures

Paragraph two delves into how cultural values influence healthcare practices and the existence of subcultures within larger cultural groups. It mentions that cultural values provide a set of rules, attitudes, beliefs, and decisions that guide interactions, problem-solving, and sense of belonging. The script highlights the importance of recognizing cultural differences in values, such as individualism versus group orientation, and the impact of these values on behaviors like punctuality and eye contact. It also touches on universal life events like birth and death, and how different cultures have specific rules for dealing with them. The concept of assimilation for immigrants is introduced, emphasizing the need to learn and internalize the values of the new culture.

10:03

🌏 Cultural Values Comparison: American vs. Asian

This paragraph compares American and Asian cultural values, highlighting differences in individualism, attitudes towards authority, family structures, innovation, respect for elders, and the focus on the future versus the past. It discusses how Americans value independence and innovation, while Asians place more emphasis on group orientation and tradition. The script also contrasts the American emphasis on youth culture with the Asian respect for elders, and the American focus on the future with the Asian reverence for the past. These comparisons aim to illustrate the diversity in cultural values and the importance of understanding these differences in a global context.

15:06

🏆 American and Hispanic Cultural Values

Paragraph four explores the cultural values of Americans and Hispanics, focusing on individualism, family dynamics, materialism, and attitudes towards competition and fate. It contrasts the American emphasis on individual achievement and material possessions with Hispanic values that prioritize family and community. The script also discusses how Americans are assertive and competitive, while Hispanics tend to be more resigned and accepting of fate, often due to religious beliefs. The cultural differences in the perception of time, the importance of the present moment, and the varying degrees of fatalism are also highlighted.

20:09

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 African-American, Native American, and Amish Cultures

The fifth paragraph covers the cultural values of African-Americans, Native Americans, and the Amish. It emphasizes the importance of interdependence within African-American families, the present-focused and spiritual orientation of African-American culture, and the significant role of mothers in family dynamics. For Native Americans, the script discusses their focus on the present, extended family structures, and cooperative spirit. The Amish culture is characterized by its rejection of modern society, humility, and fatalistic approach to life, with a strong emphasis on family and community.

25:12

📚 Education and Cultural Values in Various Ethnic Groups

The final paragraph discusses the cultural values and emphasis on higher education in various ethnic groups, including Filipinos, Iranians, Irish, and Jewish people. It highlights how these groups view education as a means to social and economic advancement. The script also touches on the importance of family, respect for elders, and the influence of religion on cultural values. It contrasts the materialistic aspirations of Americans with the people-oriented values of Hispanics and the modesty and hospitality of Iranians. The Irish are described as having a strong work ethic and a fatalistic view of pain, influenced by their Catholic faith. Lastly, Jewish culture is characterized by its history of persecution, focus on education, community support, and the importance of humor and health.

Keywords

💡Culture

Culture refers to the common lifestyles, languages, behavior patterns, traditions, and beliefs that are learned and passed from one generation to the next. In the video, culture is discussed as a determinant of a person's worldview, philosophy of life, and expectations about time. It is exemplified by the unique family tradition of putting on the right shoe before the left to avoid inviting the devil into the house.

💡Cultural Values

Cultural values are the principles and standards that guide behavior and are shared among members of a culture. The video emphasizes that understanding cultural values is crucial for working with patients and clients, as it provides insight into what they are comfortable with and what they consider appropriate behavior.

💡Worldview

A person's worldview is their overall perspective on life and their environment, shaped significantly by their cultural background. The video mentions that culture helps determine a person's worldview, affecting how they relate to the environment and religion.

💡Assimilation

Assimilation is the process by which immigrants adapt to and become part of a new culture. The video explains that when immigrants come to a new culture, they must assimilate by learning and internalizing the new culture's important values, such as the American value of family gatherings on Thanksgiving.

💡Subcultures

Subcultures are smaller groups within a larger culture, each with its own values and expectations. The video discusses subcultures based on age, gender, religion, and shared activities, like motorcycle culture or groups of women who gather to have wine.

💡Time Perception

Time perception varies across cultures and affects how punctuality is viewed. The video contrasts the rigid perspective on time in the United States, where being on time is often considered late, with cultures like Italy and Spain where being on time is more flexible.

💡Eye Contact

Eye contact is a form of nonverbal communication that can have different cultural interpretations. The video points out that in the United States, making eye contact is expected, while in some Asian countries, it is considered rude.

💡Adaptation

Cultural adaptation refers to the changes that occur in a culture over time due to various influences. The video notes that culture is adaptive and must change with environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.

💡Group Orientation

Group orientation is a cultural value that prioritizes the needs and goals of the group over the individual. The video contrasts individualism in American culture with the group orientation found in Asian cultures, where the collective benefit is more important.

💡Respect for Elders

Respect for elders is a cultural value that venerates the wisdom and experience of older members of society. The video discusses how in Asian cultures, there is a high level of respect for elders, unlike in the United States where there is an emphasis on youth culture.

💡Competition

Competition is a cultural value that emphasizes striving to be better than others. The video highlights the American love for competition, exemplified by events like the Super Bowl, in contrast to Asian values that focus more on conformity and being part of the group.

Highlights

Definition of culture as common lifestyles, languages, behavior patterns, traditions, and beliefs.

Culture's influence on a person's worldview, philosophy of life, and relationship to the environment and religion.

Differences in time perception between the United States and countries like Italy, Spain, and parts of Africa.

Cultural norms regarding eye contact in communication, contrasting the United States and some Asian countries.

The importance of understanding cultural values to work effectively with patients and clients.

Cultural rules for universal events like birth, death, mating, illness, pain, and child-rearing.

Adaptation of culture over time due to environmental issues, wars, illnesses, migrations, and technology.

The process of assimilation for immigrants into a new culture.

The significance of Thanksgiving in American culture and its contrast with other cultural traditions.

Existence of subcultures within every culture, each with its own values and expectations.

Factors that contribute to the formation of subcultures, such as age, gender, religion, and shared activities.

Functions of cultural values, including rules, attitudes, beliefs, and decisions that shape our interactions and identity.

Comparison of American and Asian cultural values, focusing on individualism, group orientation, and attitudes towards authority.

Cultural differences in family structures between Americans and Asians.

The value placed on innovation and tradition in American and Asian cultures, respectively.

Contrasting American and Asian attitudes towards youth and elders.

Hispanic cultural values emphasizing group emphasis and family importance over individualism.

African-American cultural values focusing on interdependence and spiritual orientation.

Native American cultural values highlighting family dynamics, cooperation, and harmony with nature.

Amish cultural values characterized by humility, fatalism, and a focus on community needs over individual desires.

Filipino cultural values prioritizing higher education, respect for elders, and the importance of saving face.

Iranian cultural values, including professional aspirations, respect for elders, and modesty.

Irish cultural values marked by a strong work ethic, humor, and a focus on family and higher education.

Jewish cultural values emphasizing education, community support, modesty, and maintaining good health.

Transcripts

hello welcome to mot 115 where we

discuss trans cultural communication

we're going to be looking specifically

today at culture and cultural values

chapter 2 in our textbook so what does

the word culture even mean we hear it

all the time but you know what is the

actual definition well that is the

common life styles languages behavior

patterns traditions and beliefs that are

learned and passed from one generation

to the next

so for example if you come from a family

that has very unique traditions for

example always putting your right shoe

on before your left shoe so that you

don't invite the devil into your house

those kind of traditions that are not

offensive but they're just a little

unique to your particular family or

group culture helps us determine a

person's worldview their philosophy of

life their relationship to the

environment their relationship to

religion their expectations about time

and in that regard for example in the

United States if you are on time they

often consider you late whereas they

expect you to show up 10-15 minutes

earlier in other countries such as Italy

and Spain and parts of Africa the idea

of being on time is anytime within that

hour that you agreed to meet so you know

we have a very rigid perspective of time

in the United States which is not

consistent around the globe how they

interact with others in the United

States we are expected to make eye

contact with whom we are speaking with

however in some Asian countries eye

contact is considered rude so again it's

important to understand culture so that

when we are working with our patients

and clients we have a general

understanding of what they're

comfortable with

what they're uncomfortable with then

there's also specific rules for dealing

with universal events such as birth

death mating ie having sex childbirth

illness pain and child rearing so in

some families they believe the child

should the baby shouldn't be picked up

unless it's absolutely necessary and in

other cultures they believe that holding

the baby for that first year is vitally

important and actually the research is

demonstrating that - that the more time

you hold an infant the more bonded you

are and also more importantly the more

socially calm the child stays culture is

adaptive it changes over time we can't

continue the same culture that we had

500 years ago it just wouldn't work it

is affected by environmental issues Wars

illnesses migrations and Technology when

an immigrant comes to a new culture they

must assimilate this means they must

learn and internalize the new cultures

important values so you know in the

United States when you think of our

values or our culture or our traditions

you know everything stops on

Thanksgiving we have to sit down with

our family and eat a giant meal and then

fall asleep on the couch before we get

up and do it all over again so you know

that is something that someone who comes

from another country may not be familiar

with and they don't necessarily

understand why Americans feel the need

to stuff themselves at the end of

November every year not that there's

anything wrong with that we all love

Turkey

unless you don't subcultures within

every culture are subcultures these are

smaller groups within the culture and

each culture has its own values and

expectations so you know subcultures can

be based on age gender religion it can

be based on a particular group of people

who come together to share in an

activity you know you have people who

like for example motorcycles the

motorcycle culture is very significant

there's other people who are in cultures

that they don't even realize they're

necessarily in a culture so when a group

of women get together to have wine or

whatever you know that's a subculture

within itself they're all maybe moms

they want to talk about their kids or

not talk about their kids and the point

to all of this is that when these

subcultures emerge it's usually viewed

from the outside before it's viewed from

the inside so again culture is the

occupation so teachers tend to have a

their own culture

doctors have their own culture

nationality and race age so you know you

don't see a lot of 22 year olds wanting

to hang out with sixty year olds I mean

yeah if it's your grandma sure but

usually you want to hang out with people

in your own peer group gender

socioeconomic factors you didn't really

don't see a lot of poor people hanging

out with a lot of rich people because

you can't keep up you know if your

friends are going yachting over the

weekend and you can afford a rowboat

it's not quite the same thing politics

obviously in today's political

environment there is a huge shift in how

we see each other people who love Donald

Trump people who hate Hillary Clinton

you know there's generally a philosophy

or a culture behind that and also sexual

or

if someone is a lesbian or a homosexual

they tend to hang out with other

homosexuals and lesbians in their social

time so functions of cultural values

include a set of rules attitudes beliefs

and decisions how we interact with

others actions solving problems our

sense of belonging and our identity all

of these come together in terms of our

culture and make us unique to that

particular culture if you know on one

side you're very religious and you

believe that by salt you can solve your

problems by prayer that's one cultural

expectation another culture might see it

is more of a let's face the problem

head-on not worry about God for now but

we're gonna work on it so people who

belong to different cultures but share

similar educational economic and

occupational backgrounds will likely

share similar values so if you have a

bachelor's or an associate's degree you

are a middle class or upper upper middle

class and you work in health care you're

probably going to have similar values

and probably agree about a lot of the

stuff that we anticipate people agreeing

on you know politics the perspective

about why they do their job things like

that so we're gonna look at some of

these value comparisons and these are

general these are based on the average

American or the average Asian in this

case it is not a specific person so

we're looking at the culture of

Americans the culture of Asians so

Americans they have their individualism

and independence you know that's how our

country was founded we're all about

being independent whereas Asians focus

more on a group orientation the benefit

of the

is way more important than a benefit of

an individual in America we like to

resist Authority we are gonna fight back

we're gonna go out we're gonna March

we're gonna donate money we're going to

post things on Facebook or Twitter and

we are going to feel good about that

because we are resisting Authority and

again that comes from our cultural

heritage of us telling the British to go

get stuffed back in the 1700s Asian

values they tend to submit to Authority

and again they live many of them have

lived most of their lives in

authoritarian countries where they

didn't have choices where they didn't

have a choice to resist Authority or

you'd end up in jail or just disappear

so this value system is again something

that comes from a historical basis in

the United States we have a lot of

blended families and nuclear families

that we believe are just our family so

mom dad stepsister brother a couple

aunts maybe but that's it whereas in

Asia you would have your second cousins

third cousins your great aunt everybody

shows up for these family events so you

know the more the merrier for Asian

families in the United States were more

like yeah there's got to be one or two

degrees from the main group and then

that's it in the United States we value

innovation invention new stuff whereas

in Asia they value tradition so in the

United States we don't really care about

knocking buildings down that are a

couple hundred years old as much as we

care about moving forward and progress

whereas in Asia they would be very

reluctant to knock down some of these

older buildings because they represent

where they came from there is the in the

United States an emphasis on youth and

youth culture you know you turn on the

TV and everything is geared towards

people 18 to 34

whereas in Asia there is a high level of

respect for elders and

are seen as the most important people in

society because they've been around so

long they have got to gain some wisdom

from the world then we have the focus on

the future Americans look towards

tomorrow Asians look towards the past

and respect what came before them and

again you know what we look at here is

that neither one of these are right or

wrong it's more about how our cultural

values have made us certain kinds of

people and depending on where we come

from it has a huge impact finally we

have competition for our American values

we love to compete we love to put it out

there Super Bowl Sunday is the

most-watched day of television

so clearly competition is super

important Asian values it's more about

conformity being part of that group and

we go back to that very first value of

group orientation conforming to the

group becoming one of many way more

important so we're gonna look at the

same concepts more or less with Hispanic

values and again remember this is an

average it's not to deal with every

unique individual so we have American

values individually and independence

then with Hispanics group emphasis

they're more focused again much like the

Asians on how the group is more

important than the individual same thing

with families you know they have extent

of family second cousins third cousins

fourth cousins my sister's ex-husbands

third cousin is coming to dinner kind of

thing then we have Americans tend to put

a high value on objects look at my car

it cost me $80,000 look at my house it

costs to half a million dollars we

become so or you know we find things

that are great value so appealing

because that is aspirational we've been

you know spent our whole lives in the

United States thinking happiness comes

in the shape of dollar signs of course

it does make life much easier if you can

pay your bills

whereas Hispanic Hispanic values show

that there's a high value placed on

people you know I would rather give up

my house than give up my family or this

person next door Americans are very

assertive and aggressive and that comes

from that competition Hispanics tend to

be resigned and accepting and this comes

in large part from religion where you

know the Hispanics tend to be Roman

Catholic and there is this feeling that

you know it's in God's hands it's God's

will

whereas a lot of Americans despite

claiming and religiosity are able to

separate religion and the values that

come with religion and instead take on

that more American perspective of

competition then we have

self-determination which is the idea

that we control our own destiny we make

things happen we pull ourselves up by

our bootstraps

whereas Hispanics believe things are

more fatalistic God has determined or

fate has determined what's going to

happen and we can't do much to change it

again we go back to this idea of you

know the dominant religion in Hispanic

world is Roman Catholic and there is a

certain level of fatalism that God is

going to decide whether or not you're

being punished or rewarded in terms of

the focus Americans focus on the future

Hispanics focus on the present they here

in the now how do we deal with the now

and again you know as we look at these

differences you'll see that these other

cultures may not necessarily you know

mesh as well as other cultures but that

really does tell us about how hard it is

to assimilate into an American culture

it's not your primary culture it should

lead you to a more empathetic

understanding of them so now we have

african-american or black values

depending on what country you live in

of course we have our individuality and

independence and african-americans tend

to be more focused on interdependence

especially within the family dynamic

they depend on one another it's a reason

why black fraternities and sororities in

the United States are so important in

terms of the social dynamics because

they haven't always been treated well by

the government or the mainstream culture

so they depend upon one another to help

them move forward white America we got a

daddy running the family whereas in

african-american families that's usually

the mother who runs the family white

Americans focus on the future

African Americans focus on the present

much like our Hispanic friends and white

Americans believe that personal mastery

of your own sense of being is the most

important whereas African Americans

believe that a spiritual orientation

being in touch with that sense that

there's something greater in the world

than yourself is much more important so

we also have Native Americans and

although we don't have a huge number of

Native Americans in Pennsylvania there

are quite a number of tribal

affiliations that most of us may or may

not be aware of especially in New Jersey

Maryland Delaware so it's still

definitely a possibility that it's going

to crop up when you are working in the

healthcare field so again American

individuality independence Native

Americans and Eskimos family dynamics

and depending upon one another Americans

like to accumulate for themselves

Native Americans accumulate to share

with others

Americans focus on the future Native

Americans focus on the present Americans

have their nuclear family

Native Americans see the family as

extended the second third cousins you

know the aunt once removed American

competition Native Americans cooperation

it's kind of how we took over the

country the white people because the

Indians were all about cooperating with

us and we thought that was foolishness

so we gave them blankets filled with

smallpox and you know really tried to

eliminate as many Native Americans in

this country as we could before as we

were taking it over if you ever want to

read or listen to a story about how the

United States took the land away from

the Native Americans there is a book

called Trail of Tears which will just

rip your heart out then we have mastery

over nature so the Americans we're gonna

chop down trees and we're gonna put down

concrete and we're going to build our

own dams all of that kind of stuff

whereas the Native Americans more accept

the reality of nature they embrace

nature they see it as part of their

existence so we also have some other

very significant cultures in the United

States that are very representative in

particular in the Pennsylvania area the

Amish and again if you don't come from

Pennsylvania you may never have even

heard of them much less seeing them but

for those of us who've driven around

Lancaster Pennsylvania the Amish are a

fairly common sight they are primarily

farmers or involved in some aspect of

agriculture they're focused exclusively

on their families they removed

themselves from modern society which is

why they don't use vehicles other than

horse and buggy

they don't use cars trucks any of those

things they don't use buttons they use

latches and

so they prefer to live in a sense as if

it was a hundred and fifty two hundred

years ago humility is vital as seen in

their dress and demeanor passive and

accepting of life so again fatalistic

and again the Amish come from an

Anabaptist perspective so you know they

are Christian denomination they focus on

the needs of others and conformity and

cooperation is paramount so much

different than your average American

then we have Filipinos which is a Asian

subculture they focus on higher

education as a means to getting ahead so

it's that joke about an Asian B or an

Asian F is just to be important to

integrate into the dominant society so

they're they're not insular they want to

assimilate as quickly as possible

they have great respect for their

parents or elders and avoiding shame or

saving face is very important so they

take a lot of personal pride in what

they do and how they appear to others

they accept pain and suffering as an

honorable condition so you know if their

child is misbehaving they see it that

they need to make more sacrifices in

order to help their child Iranians which

there's also a very large population in

California so you tend to see them on

the coasts Iranians often call

themselves Persians because Iranians are

generally disliked by Americans back in

the late 70s early 80s the Iranian and

Iranian rebels took the Americans and

Canadians hostage in Tehran and that

lasted over a year so you know a lot of

people haven't forgotten about that the

vast majority live in and around Los

Angeles and they generally choose

professional jobs or self-employment

they tend to avoid menial jobs you won't

see a lot of Persians

working as maids you see Persians

working owning their own stores

accountants lawyers so on most are

Muslim but some have embraced other

religions I Iranians tend to be Shiites

and that's a sect of Islam whereas the

vast majority of other Muslim faiths

tend to be Sunni and the difference

basically is who was the successor to

Muhammad who is the prophet who

developed Islam father is the head of

the household when the father is absent

the oldest son is in charge so clearly

we see women are not as independent as

the average American woman women are

expected to defer to men and again

another focus on higher education as a

means of getting ahead respect for very

savvy business people respect for elders

and they also bring a certain level of

modesty respectability hospitality and

politeness to any environment so you

know it's like they've gone out of their

way to be accepted in the United States

because you know 40 years ago they were

really disliked and when the revolution

occurred you know Western type Iranians

came to the United States to get away

from the religious persecution they felt

they would endure if they stayed in Iran

under the Ayatollah then we have our

Irish 20% of Americans trace an ancestor

Thailand including myself my mom came

over in the mid 1960s and promptly gave

birth to me so when we see the Irish you

know we generally recognize them by

their last name

we honor traditions very much so you

know having a shot of

at a Funeral is pretty much standard in

my house fatalistic which is why they

tend to ignore pain until it is

unbearable you know it's again Catholics

are Irish people tend to be Catholic and

it's that idea that God is is giving you

this pain for a reason so oh wait oh

wait

and then you you know then you have to

chop your leg off very strong work ethic

the Irish have always been very hard

workers because most of them have been

farmers most of their lives throughout

the generations they pride themselves on

their sense of humor you know the Irish

are very funny because they have dealt

with all kinds of terrible things

historically you know the British took

them over you go back you know a

thousand years the Vikings took them

over so you know it's kind of this idea

that you know if you don't laugh you're

you'll cry older Irish are very

religious again usually Roman Catholic

the younger Irish have kind of stepped

away from the church for a variety of

reasons very family-oriented respect for

the elderly and a focus on higher

education as a means to getting ahead

and again you know when we look at these

cultures what you see is a much higher

focus on higher education than your

average American finally we have Jewish

which is a large part of the population

in the Pennsylvania area near

Philadelphia New Jersey and Delaware

there are many different types of Jewish

people depending upon their religious

affiliation reform Orthodox and the

region of origin so for example

Ashkenazi Jews have come from Russia and

Poland they have a long history of

persecution so we have the Holocaust in

Germany the pogroms in Russia and

anti-semitism in the United States which

still occurs today focus on higher

education as a means to getting ahead

which again you know that's something

that the Jewish people are criticized

for often because they're seen as taking

over all the businesses and the fact of

the matter is they're not they're a very

small population in the United States

the more traditional the family is the

more male-dominated it is if you go into

a reformed Jewish household mom's in

charge but if you go into the Orthodox

or op or even higher levels of Orthodoxy

then the father is definitely dominating

it they tend to share the wealth with

others in their community and they have

a high respect for elders they tend to

be modest and humble and they pride

themselves on their sense of humor again

and it goes back to what I said about

Irish people so much bad stuff has

happened to the Jews that their

perspective is it's either laugh or cry

and they prefer to laugh and then focus

on maintaining good health you know one

of the great things you see down in

Florida are these elderly people who a

lot of them are Jewish who are out there

doing their walking every day and their

cool little sneakers because they've

been through so much as a culture that

they're not going to let anything stand

in their way so that finishes up for

today if you have any questions please

email or text message your instructor

alternatively you can leave a comment

and we will respond as soon as we can

thank you and have a wonderful day