What is Love? The Science Behind Lust, Attraction, and Attachment
Summary
TLDREste vídeo explora la psicología del amor, centrándose en tres comportamientos clave: lujuria, atracción y apego. Basado en la investigación de Helen Fisher, se explica cómo estos comportamientos están relacionados con la reproducción y el amor en especies distintas. Se discuten factores que afectan la lujuria, como la cultura, el estrés y las hormonas, y cómo el hipocampo y la glándula pituitaria juegan un papel crucial. La atracción se vincula con la dopamina y la noradrenalina, y se mencionan razones evolutivas como la fertilidad y la proximidad. El apego se asocia con hormonas como la oxitocina y la vasopressina, y se aborda la monogamia como una estrategia evolutiva para la supervivencia de los descendientes.
Takeaways
- 🧠 La psicología del amor se divide en tres comportamientos distintos: lujuria, atracción y apego, basados en la investigación de la antropóloga Helen Fisher.
- 🔥 La lujuria se refiere a la necesidad innata de satisfacción sexual y a la necesidad de transmitir nuestros genes a futuras generaciones.
- 💊 El hipocampo y la glándula pituitaria juegan un papel crucial en la regulación de la lujuria y la liberación de hormonas sexuales como el testosterona y la estrogena.
- ❤️ La atracción se refiere a la unión emocional con alguien y la inversión de recursos en una relación específica, en lugar de distribuirlos entre varias personas.
- 👤 La atracción física, la proximidad y las similitudes son factores conscientes que influyen en por qué estamos atraídos por alguien.
- 👃 Los estudios sugieren que el olfato juega un papel importante en la atracción, permitiendo que las personas perciban diferencias genéticas y fases de ovulación.
- 🧬 La atracción también está influenciada por factores inconscientes como el olor y el sonido de la voz, que pueden indicar fertilidad y buena salud genética.
- 💊 La liberación de dopamina en el área del tálamo ventral (VTA) y el núcleo accumbens es clave en la sensación de amor romántico y la motivación por lo placentero.
- 😌 La apego se asocia con la liberación de hormonas como la oxitocina y la vasopressina, que promueven la unión y el cariño en las relaciones de largo plazo.
- 🐭 El estudio de animales monógamos como los topomelas nos proporciona información sobre los mecanismos biológicos y genéticos que promueven la unión y el apego en las relaciones.
- 🌐 Aunque la mayoría de los mamíferos no son monógamos, el comportamiento monógamo en seres humanos y algunas especies animales puede ser beneficioso para la supervivencia y protección de los descendientes.
Q & A
¿Qué tres comportamientos detrás del apareamiento y la reproducción se discuten en el video?
-El video trata sobre los comportamientos de lujuria, atracción y apego.
¿Qué es lo que todos los seres vivos tienen en común según la lujuria?
-El necesidad innata de satisfacción sexual y la necesidad de transmitir nuestros genes para asegurar la supervivencia de nuestra especie.
¿Qué es el papel del hipocampo en la regulación de la lujuria?
-El hipocampo actúa como el CEO del cuerpo, comunicándose con la glándula pituitaria, que a su vez estimula a las glándulas sexuales (testículos y ovarios) para liberar hormonas que incrementan la lujuria.
¿Cuáles son las hormonas sexuales principales responsables de la lujuria en los hombres y las mujeres?
-En los hombres, la testosterona es la principal hormona responsable de la lujuria, mientras que en las mujeres, tanto la testosterona como la estrógeno juegan roles importantes.
¿Qué es la atracción según Helen Fisher y qué representa?
-La atracción es la fase de unión emocional con alguien, donde se invierte todos los recursos en una sola persona, en lugar de dispersarlos entre varias, como ocurre en la lujuria.
¿Cuáles son las dos grandes razones evolutivas por las que nos encontramos atractivos a alguien?
-Las dos razones son la fertilidad y la salud de una persona, que se pueden inferir a través de la atracción física, y la teoría de la selección sexual, donde buscamos a alguien con genes diferentes para mejorar la resistencia genética de nuestros descendientes.
¿Qué es el efecto halo en la psicología y cómo se relaciona con la atracción física?
-El efecto halo es un error cognitivo en el que si una persona es físicamente atractiva, también se tiende a percibirla como inteligente, divertida y con una buena personalidad.
¿Qué es la teoría de la proximidad y cómo afecta la atracción?
-La teoría de la proximidad sugiere que cuanto más cerca estés de una persona, más probable es que desarrolles un interés romántico en ella, debido a la exposición constante y la familiaridad que esto conlleva.
¿Qué áreas del cerebro se activan durante la atracción y qué neurotransmisores están involucrados?
-Durante la atracción, se activan áreas como el ventral tegmental area (VTA) y el núcleo accumbens, con la liberación de dopamina, noradrenalina y una disminución de la serotonina, lo que causa la euforbia y la obsesión por la otra persona.
¿Qué es el apego y cómo se diferencia de la atracción?
-El apego es la fase de compromiso a largo plazo en la que buscamos la estabilidad y la seguridad con una sola persona, en lugar de la excitación y la obsesión que caracterizan la atracción.
¿Cuál es la teoría del efecto de espaciamiento en la monogamia y qué sugiere?
-La teoría del efecto de espaciamiento sugiere que la monogamia puede haber evolucionado porque es más fácil y seguro para los animales espaciarse y formar pares fijos, lo que facilita la obtención de alimento y la protección de los descendientes.
Outlines
🧠 La psicología del amor y sus comportamientos
Este primer párrafo introduce el tema del video, que es la psicología del amor, centrándose en tres comportamientos distintos detrás de la reproducción y el apareamiento: lujuria, atracción y apego. Se menciona la investigación de la antropóloga Helen Fisher, quien estudió todas las especies del planeta y qué sucede en sus cerebros durante estos procesos. Se destaca que aunque estos comportamientos suelen ocurrir en un orden específico (lujuria, atracción y luego apego), no todos los individuos siguen el mismo patrón. Algunos podrían tener un encuentro sexual sin buscar una relación a largo plazo, mientras que otros podrían estar emocionalmente involucrados sin atracción sexual. Se enfatiza la importancia de la lujuria como necesidad innata de satisfacción sexual y la importancia de la libido para la supervivencia de la especie.
🔥 La lujuria y sus factores
En este segundo párrafo se explora la lujuria como un impulso sexual que busca la transmisión de genes y la supervivencia de la especie. Se discuten los factores que influyen en la lujuria, como razones culturales, la educación y el entorno, así como la influencia de la psicología, el estrés y las experiencias personales en la libido. Se destaca la importancia de la biología y los mecanismos fisiológicos involucrados, especialmente la hipófisis y el papel que desempeña en la pubertad al comunicarse con las glándulas sexuales y liberar hormonas como el testosterona y la estrogena, que son cruciales para el impulso sexual.
❤️ La atracción y sus causas
El tercer párrafo se centra en la atracción como una etapa posterior a la lujuria, donde se busca una unión emocional con una sola persona. Se exploran las razones evolutivas detrás de la atracción, divididas en factores conscientes (como la atracción física, la proximidad y las similitudes) y factores subconscientes (como las pheromonas y las diferencias genéticas). Se mencionan estudios que muestran cómo las personas pueden percibir diferencias genéticas a través de la olfacción y cómo los hombres pueden detectar la ovulación en mujeres a través del olfato. También se discuten los roles de la voz y los besos en la atracción.
🧬 Los procesos cerebrales durante la atracción
Este cuarto párrafo explica lo que sucede en el cerebro durante la atracción, destacando áreas como la ventral tegmental area (VTA) y el núcleo accumbens, que están relacionadas con la liberación de dopamina y la percepción de placer. Se mencionan los efectos de la noradrenalina en la euforbia y la ansiedad por la separación, así como la disminución de la serotonina que puede causar rumiación y obsesión. También se discuten áreas del cerebro que se desactivan durante la atracción, como el córtex prefrontal y el amígdala, lo que lleva a decisiones poco racionales y la capacidad de ignorar defectos en la pareja.
🤗 El apego y la monógamia
El último párrafo trata el apego como una etapa de compromiso a largo plazo en la que se busca la estabilidad y la seguridad emocional. Se discute la monógamia desde una perspectiva evolutiva, explorando por qué tan pocas especies son monógamas y las ventajas de esta estrategia para la supervivencia de los descendientes. Se mencionan las hormonas de la hipófisis como el oxitocina y la vasopresina, que son importantes para el apego y la formación de lazos. También se habla de la genética y cómo puede influir en la tendencia a formar relaciones monógamas o polígamas.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Serotonina
💡Helen Fisher
💡Lujuria
💡Atracción
💡Apego
💡Libido
💡Hormonas sexuales
💡Hipotalamo
💡Oxitocina
💡Vasopressina
Highlights
Psychology of love involves three distinct behaviors: lust, attraction, and attachment.
Lust is the innate need for sexual gratification and is linked to the survival of our species.
Libido, derived from the Latin word for 'desire', is a key component of lust.
Cultural, upbringing, and psychological factors can influence an individual's sex drive.
The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that regulates sex drive.
Puberty triggers a cascade of hormones that stimulate sexual desire.
Testosterone and estrogen are the primary hormones linked to sexual drive.
Attraction involves forming an emotional bond and is distinct from lust.
Physical attraction is often linked to indicators of health and fertility.
The 'halo effect' in psychology suggests that physical attractiveness is associated with other positive qualities.
Proximity and similarity play roles in conscious attraction.
Subconscious attraction can be influenced by olfactory cues, such as genetic differences detectable through scent.
Men can subconsciously detect when women are ovulating through scent.
The brain's VTA (ventral tegmental area) is associated with the pleasurable feelings of romantic love.
Romantic love can cause a decrease in serotonin, leading to obsessive thoughts about a loved one.
Attachment is the long-term commitment phase of love, focused on comfort and companionship.
Only about 5-10% of mammal species are monogamous.
Monogamy in humans may be linked to the survival and protection of offspring.
Oxytocin and vasopressin are hormones associated with pair bonding and attachment.
Transcripts
ah feel that Rush of Serotonin
[Music]
all right guys welcome to psych
explained in this video we're going to
dive into the psychology of Love or more
specifically three distinct behaviors
behind mating and reproduction what we
call lust attraction and attachment and
these three distinct behaviors are based
on the research of anthropologist Helen
Fisher who studied all species on the
planet and what is happening in the
brain when they're reproducing or mating
or maybe falling in love with each other
now you notice on the board I had this
kind of long road here right and that's
because I'm going to talk about each of
these distinct behaviors as if they
occur in a specific order right we kind
of are sexually aroused by somebody we
want to form a relationship with them
and then we become attached to them and
we want to form a long-term relationship
but understand everybody's different not
everybody goes through the same sequence
in order or ghost them at all right you
might have a one night stand with
somebody but not actually want to you
know form a relationship with them
on the other hand you might be
emotionally involved with somebody but
not be sexually attracted to them right
so just take it with a grain of salt of
this idea of going in order everybody is
different all right let's start with the
first one what do we mean by lust well
what do all species on the planet have
in common we all need to pass on our
genes so here's what we mean by lust
what we're talking about is kind of our
innate need
of sexual gratification right this is
our sex drive right what do we need to
do pass on our genes right make sure our
species continues to survive and another
psych word you might use is libido and
libido comes from the Latin word meaning
desire right so what do these kind of
all have in common what we're talking
about is the idea that we need to what
pass on
are what our genes okay so this is the
idea of getting up going on a Friday
night Saturday night going to the bar do
what you need to do because we want to
make sure we find as many mates as
possible right we're thinking about this
from an evolutionary standpoint right I
know you're not going to a bar thing and
like I need to pass in my jeans to
everybody but that's the kind of
mentality you need to have right so
that's what we really mean by lust now
what factors affect us right why is some
people you know very sexually motivated
and other people are not well there's a
lot of different reasons right we think
about cultural reasons right it could be
things like your parents think about
your upbringing right some of us were
raised and very conservative houses
right where sex was very taboo don't
talk about it others much more liberal
and think about your friends right are
you friends sexually active are they
talking about this stuff or is it more
kind of uh you know down below the
surface and even things like the media
right what you're exposed to on TV and
on social media right all that plays a
role in terms of our lust and our sex
drive what about psychological what
about our thoughts right involved in sex
drive well a lot of things can play a
role it could be things like uh stress
where I think about how stress might
affect uh your drive and desire to
pursue uh somebody else or maybe even
trauma right I know I'm talking about
childhood a lot but a lot of this plays
a role in your current present-day state
of whether you're single or married or
attached to another person or even maybe
your thoughts about yourself right like
thoughts about your body image right all
these play a role in your sex drive and
we're going to focus on really today in
this video is the last one which is
biological right all these physiological
mechanisms involved in lust and our sex
drive whether it's how old you are right
we know as we get older we lose specific
hormones and our our sex drive kind of
decreases everything from genes right
genetics right always plays a role and
things we'll talk about today like
hormones right how much like the level
of hormones in our body so understand
what comes to us there's a variety of
factors that play a role but what are we
going to focus on let's focus on the
biological so let me ask you this can
you think about part of the brain that
really regulates the whole sex drive
well if you're thinking in your head oh
it must be the hypothalamus you are
correct
okay and the hypothalamus hypo means
below is this structure right there and
the hypothalamus really controls
homeostasis right if you're hungry you
eat if you're thirsty you drink if you
sleep you sleep it kind of regulates the
whole body another purpose it controls
our sex drive so how does it do that
well let's bring it down together okay
the first thing we have and I'm going to
write the word hypothalamus down here is
when does the hypothalamus really start
communicating with the body when it
comes to sex well if you're thinking
puberty you're right right this went all
the Cascade of hormone start to kind of
go down our body and and make changes
right so what does hypothalamus do well
the hypothalamus is going to communicate
with a specific structure right here
this kind of two lobes called the
pituitary gland
this is the master gland right think of
you know the hypothalamus is the CEO and
the pituitary gland is like second to
command and during this process of
puberty the pituitary gland is going to
communicate with really two gonads to
sexual organs the testes in males
testes and the ovaries in females okay
and why is it doing that because it's
going to release specific hormones to
kind of boost this loss in sex drive
because we need to pass on our genes in
a testy specifically we'll say t for
testosterone and what about the ovaries
the ovaries are going to release we call
estrogen okay and these are the two
specific sex hormones testosterone and
estrogen and even in females
testosterone is key okay you can have an
animal that's been castrated and you
boost them with testosterone and all of
a sudden the sex drive goes up so even
though estrogen is important
testosterone is the main thing here all
right so this is what we mean by lust
this passing on our genes this libido
this desire and craving for sexual
intercourse all right what's next let's
say you had we'll just say for our
purpose of this video right this is our
one night stand this is being sexually
intimate with somebody we decide you
know this is the person that I want to
be with right I'm attracted to them I'm
put all my resources together into this
one person and this is what Helen Fisher
refers to as attraction right this is
what we mean by kind of this emotional
Union
right emotional Union with somebody uh
this feeling of you know romantic love
another name for uh attraction right and
from an evolutionary standpoint
essentially what you're doing at least
in the male's perspective is you're
investing all of your resources right
into one single person right in lust
you're investing your resources in
everybody right just anywhere somebody
will take me but here we're investing
all of our energy into one specific mate
right now before we get into kind of the
the brain circuitry of Attraction here's
a big question
why are we attracted to somebody in the
first place right what are the kind of
The evolutionary reasons why we find
this person attractive but not this
person and we can divide this into
really two big things we have conscious
in other words you know why you're
attracted to them you can kind of
pinpoint it and verbalize it another is
subconscious right below conscious
awareness what I'm interested in is the
subconscious right that's the stuff like
you don't know why you're attracted to
them but you are but let's start with
the conscious attraction and by the way
I have this for for visual cues and oh
factory cues and auditory cues right all
these cues affecting um attraction
the first one uh conscious is probably
the most obvious one for all species and
that is we'll say physical attraction
right you have to be physically
attracted to the person
um
to you know form a relationship with
them right and physical attraction comes
in a lot of different forms right it
could be symmetry of the face right we
know that we might have heard that
before we're like you put your hand here
and this side must match this side the
more symmetrical right a face tends to
be more attractive uh it could even be
things like you know waste to hip ratio
I mean these things are so specific
research can find what makes somebody
attractive to even a male right the
shape of our jaw right or our chest
right all these play a role so why is
that why is physical traction so
important to human beings well it's
because the health of a person okay the
physical you know the what their skin
looks like and you know the shape of
their jaw and the shape of their chest
right tells us at least from an
evolutionary's perspective about their
fertility
right are you able to have a baby right
are you youthful right are you able to
pass on my genes right so physical
attractiveness is really about the
fertility the passing on my genes are
you able to have a baby
um compared to other things now it's
important to know we'll add some
psychology here why is physical
attraction so important uh well it's
because I'll have another arrow here
it's because when somebody's physical
attractive we also think that they're
good at other things okay in fact I'll
erase that here and we call this in
Psychology the halo effect in other
words if you're physically attractive we
also think you're funny and uh you know
you you have a good family and you have
a good personality right that's a
cognitive error but we tend to think of
something physically attractive you have
all their good qualities as well
another trait that would be a conscious
awareness is we'll call proximity right
and we mean by proximity Is closeness
right how close you are to the person
right this is why relationships often
start in a classroom or in a workplace
because you see the person over and over
and over again and this relates to let's
add more psychology here this relates to
another term in Psychology called the
mirror you know where I'm going this the
mirror
exposure effect which tells us that the
more you see somebody okay the more we
tend to desire them and like them right
so it's not just about being close to
them we tend to prefer them because we
see them all the time right it's like
hearing a song on the radio over and
over again eventually like it's not a
bad song or seeing the same commercial
over and over again when you see it more
often we tend to like and desire them
right so here are some kind of conscious
reasons we might be uh close also
similarities right things you have in
common all right so let's talk about
these subconscious right the things
below the surface of why we might be
attracted to somebody but really have no
conscious awareness now notice I have a
shirt because a lot of these studies
deal with olfactory cues so in these
studies males or females wear shirts
they won't put on cologne they will put
won't put on other scents they'll just
wear the shirt in their natural odor
their pheromones will kind of penetrate
the shirt and they'll stuff the shirt
put them in a jar and they'll have males
of females smell the shirts later on why
are these studies really important this
is really cool well some of these
studies show
that males and females or at least in
this study um females can smell
genetic differences
okay so what do I mean by that small
genetic differences in this study they
had males wear shirts put them in a jar
and then women rated the attractness of
those shirts and the ones that are more
attractive had bigger differences in
genetics right in other words the more
different genetics you are the more
likely you are to fight off diseases
your different immune systems you don't
want similar genes right that would be
like incest so women can actually smell
differences uh just from those
pheromones which is really cool
in another study uh dealing with men is
that men
can smell
pre-ovulation ovulation right so what
does that mean it means that when males
are asked to rate the attractiveness of
women based on the shirts they rated the
women who are about to ovulate more
attractive than the women who are not
ovulating right ovulating is the release
of an egg where a woman can be
impregnated right the fur egg can be
fertilized so these are really
interesting studies that deal with smell
and I'll put these in the description
comment box um below in other studies
you might have auditory cues right
there's some studies to show that the
voice of a person can signal uh
attraction so for example a deeper voice
now everybody's going to start talking
deeper in videos a deeper voice
can signal to females an increase in
testosterone right and if I have
increased testosterone it means that I'm
more fertile right I'm more likely to uh
you know have better genes right so
everybody's going to start talking deep
like this so these are kind of these
subtle more subconscious cues there's
even subconscious cues of taste and
kissing and passing a testosterone but
these are the big ones all right so now
that we know what makes somebody
attractive from an evolutionary
perspective what's actually happening in
the brain of somebody who's in this kind
of honeymoon phase right where they fall
in love with somebody and they can't
sleep and they have this kind of just
desire in this craving and emotional
bond towards somebody a lot of this is
based on fmri studies from Fisher and
our colleagues when you put people in
fmri machines you ask them to imagine
somebody that they love romantically
right compared to a dog or their parent
they find us at different areas of the
brain light up when you're in romantic
love compared to other types of Love
specifically an area of the brain called
and this is a big one right together the
ventral
what is it called the ventral
tegmental
area
mental gotta make sure I spell the right
area okay also known as the VTA okay and
where would we find the VTA well the VTA
is going to be right in the midbrain
okay right in the midbrain right then
the brain stem era okay and why is this
area important is because in this era
you have an abundance of what's called
dopa
menergic
neurons okay so what does that mean it
means you have all these neurons that
are specifically geared towards pumping
out all this dopamine what does dopamine
do is that feel good kind of motivator
pursuit of all things pleasurable right
so you have all this kind of
dopaminergic neurons and this is going
to communicate with a few structures
it's going to communicate with this big
structure here okay what is the
structure this is our our nucleus
accumbens
okay and why is this support this
structure important well this structure
is all pleasure pleasure pleasure right
anything you eat cake you are scrolling
in social media you're having sex
anything that is pleasurable you're
going to have kind of all these dopamine
receptors touching on the nucleus
accumbens okay the other thing to think
about this area and this kind of
important is this is where drug
addiction typically occurs right you
have all this kind of uh activation for
addiction which tells us that love is
kind of like an addiction
and the other area uh that all these
kind of Domine pathway is going to go to
is we call the prefrontal
prefrontal cortex
okay and where we're going to find the
prefrontal cortex PFC well that's going
to be right in front
prefrontal cortex okay right in the
front of the brain right right behind
the forehead and that's involved in
planning and decision making right and
we'll talk about how that plays a role
here as well all right so what's
actually happening in the brain during
attraction well a couple things to
consider one is novelty when you start
to like somebody you think about them
all the time right and that's because
it's novel novel means new and this is
really associated with this kind of
boost of dopamine
right you know this boosted dope mean
anytime something's new it feels good
you want them to see them again and
again and again you have this kind of
like separation anxiety so novelty is
Big with attraction you also have this
Euphoria feeling right instead of
dopamine this is typically associated
with with a neurotransmitter called what
nor
epinephrine what is called nor
epinephrine and the reason this is
important because a lot of times when
people fall in love with each other in
the honeymoon phase what happens well
you can't sleep right you're insomnia uh
you can't eat right loss of appetite
all these different behaviors occur when
you fall in love right in the honeymoon
attraction phase and all that's related
to kind of this this you know fight or
flight stress hormone that feels energy
and Euphoria and heartbeat that's all
part of that as well now here's what's
not great rumination what do I mean that
rumination means fixation you're fixated
right you think about this person all
the time you can't get this person out
of your head and a lot of times it's
related to a decrease in a specific
neurotransmitter can you think about
what it is we call serotonin okay and
when would you also see he's a serotonin
when somebody suffers from obsessive
compulsive disorder so does that tell
you being loved is almost like having a
OCD you can't eat you can't sleep you're
ruminating about this person you're
fixated on them you can't get them out
of your head and you know during a
breakup that rumination is going to kick
in even more right that obsessiveness
the last thing is we have deactivation
areas they're specific areas of the
brain that stop working really well when
we're in that attraction phase which
area specifically we just talked about
over here the pre-frontal cortex okay so
why is that important
we tend to make not good decisions when
we are in love with somebody right we're
falling in love or you know in that
honeymoon phase right so this area
I'll use a different marker doesn't work
very well
right in other words we make bad
decisions we do things we normally
wouldn't do right you might look back
years later and be like I can't believe
I did that I can't believe he she made
me do that whatever it was right so
we're not making good decisions in this
area
another area of the brain that's kind of
deactivated is the amygdala
amygdala this is my favorite structure
right the part of the brain where's my
amygdala there it is I'm going to circle
it right there right the amygdala right
next to the hippocampus involved in
strong emotions and fear and aggression
right in other words we're able to
overlook a lot of bad things and have
those really strong emotions when we're
in the attraction phase right things
that would normally make us fear Fuller
or make us you know emotional we we put
back right because we only look at the
positive things right I can Overlook the
bad because you know I really want to be
with this person right so there we go
there's kind of our attraction face so
we've kind of hooked up with somebody uh
we want a relationship with them and
years down the road we'll just say years
down the road no pun intended we want to
find uh we want to be with them attach
them and hopefully be with them forever
and this phase is what we call
attachment and this is the long
term
commitment
okay I want to be with this person
forever right and they create you know
they give me that feeling of what of
comfort
right of comfort and calm right uh I
have reduction in cortisol right my
stress hormone I don't feel stress
anymore right this is kind of the
attachment phase another word for this
phase uh this is the work of Robert
sterberg the theories of love might call
this phase the companionate love
like you're my companion right don't
leave me I love you right companion love
okay but here's some really big
questions to think about right is why
are we monogamous in the first place by
the way by monogamy what I'm saying is
uh and this is a very evolutionary term
para bonding
right that we decide to mate with one
female or female mates with one male and
we stay together for life raising our
Offspring right instead of being
polygamous like most beasts on the
planet in fact what percent here's a
question for you what percentage of
mammals on the planet do you think are
monogamous that is only find one mate
and they have one kid and they stay with
them their whole lives it's not a lot
right research shows maybe you know five
to ten percent
that's it five to ten percent of species
on the planet are monogamous that means
90 of species go mate to mate and they
even though they might be in a tribe
they mate with each other so this is a
very special thing and why is that from
an evolution perspective what are the
advantages well there are a couple
advantages
um one advantage of being monogamous is
really the safety and survival
survival of offspring
okay in other words if the male is
around right he could protect his child
from other Predators looking to
infiltrate My Tribe right and kill my
Offspring so it's really about kind of
safety that I'm going to be there for my
child and if I'm there for my child they
can grow into an adult and pass on their
genes right as homo sapias we have giant
brains it takes us a long time to go
from you know baby to adults so a father
has to be there or a partner has to be
there for a long time from The
evolutionary perspective so survival of
our offspring another reason is just
it's easier right it's much easier to
sit down and be with one mate than fight
all the time for a mate right I'm just
going to be with you we're going to
raise our kid I'm not going to fight and
try to die to find different people is
just easier and safer and another theory
is often called like the spacing effect
Theory and this is the idea that uh
females would need to space out to get
more food right you need more food and
you spread out and that Force males to
also spread out and then you have just
everybody kind of in their own area
nobody came in contact with each other
everybody spread out in their own tribe
easier safer survival of Offspring okay
so what is actually happening in the
brain uh when it comes to attachment
well a lot of the research comes from
this little guy right here what is that
a Prairieville and you'll find
prayerfuls mostly in North America and
why is a prayerful important well I said
only five to ten percent of animals
mammals are monogamous can you name one
if you think of prayer Bowl you're also
on it right so if we study species that
are also monogamous why what is it about
them right what's happening in their
brains and when you dive into their
brains okay you find very interesting
things okay what do we find well first
let's label a couple structures
we have the hypothalamus
right this is our maze structure right
here right talking to pituitary gland
releases two specific hormones that are
related to pair bonding do you know what
those are let's think about them
together one of them and we see these uh
in Prairie moles is what we call
oxytocin okay oxytocin also called the
cuddle hormone okay and this hormone we
find of course in humans as well and
oxytocin is released during bonding
oxytocin is released during
um uh during childbirth
right because you want to bond with your
child it's released during orgasm right
to kind of also form that bond with
another human being
another main one
we'll put down here is what's called
Vaso
precin
okay and vasopressin is also this
hormone involved in cuddling and bonding
and that's the one we'll find right deep
within the brain of our little prayer of
all friends okay so there's kind of
hormonal uh things going on now there's
also genetics right we'll write genetics
here because you can manipulate the
genes of these animals and also impact
if they're going to be monogamous or
polygamous so genetics will also play a
role
all right guys thanks for watching I
really hope you took something away
don't forget to like the video subscribe
I'll see you next time
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