EMPATÍA, LA CLAVE PARA LA INNOVACIÓN | Luis Arnal | TEDxCalzadaDeLosHéroes

TEDx Talks
21 Mar 201622:50

Summary

TLDREl ponente comparte su experiencia en el campo de la creatividad, destacando cómo factores externos, como la eliminación del miedo y la creación de ambientes colaborativos, pueden fomentar la creatividad. Sin embargo, descubre que la clave más poderosa para maximizar la creatividad es la empatía. A través de un ejemplo personal, revela que comprender profundamente las necesidades y emociones de otros inspira soluciones extraordinarias. La empatía, más que incentivos externos, impulsa una creatividad significativa que puede abordar problemas complejos y transformar el mundo. Su mensaje es claro: diseñar con empatía y amor hacia los demás puede cambiar el mundo.

Takeaways

  • 🎨 El entorno creativo es fundamental para desarrollar ideas innovadoras.
  • 🤔 La eliminación del miedo es un factor clave para fomentar la creatividad en las personas.
  • 💪 El empoderamiento y la confianza son esenciales para que las personas se sientan creativas y generen ideas sin temor a las consecuencias.
  • 📚 Aprender sobre creatividad, técnicas y procesos fomenta un pensamiento creativo más efectivo.
  • 🏓 Los espacios colaborativos y divertidos pueden facilitar la interacción y el intercambio de ideas.
  • 🎯 Las recompensas externas, como incentivos económicos o reconocimiento social, pueden estimular la creatividad, pero tienen un límite.
  • 💡 Los motivadores intrínsecos, como la empatía, son mucho más poderosos para maximizar la creatividad.
  • 👟 La creatividad aumenta a medida que la complejidad del problema se incrementa, y es crucial para resolver problemas sociales y empresariales.
  • ❤️ La empatía profunda, entendida como sentir las emociones de otras personas, es el motor más eficaz para generar ideas innovadoras.
  • 🌍 La creatividad impulsada por la empatía puede generar soluciones que verdaderamente impacten el mundo, especialmente frente a problemas complejos.

Q & A

  • ¿Qué tipo de ambiente creativo se menciona en el guion para maximizar la creatividad?

    -Se menciona un ambiente libre de miedos, con reducción de consecuencias negativas materiales o sociales, y sin restricciones de tiempo.

  • ¿Cuál es la estrategia para aumentar la creatividad a través del empoderamiento?

    -Declarar que la creatividad es parte de las responsabilidades de una persona, decirles que son las más creativas del mundo y fomentar que se sientan valientes al sugerir ideas sin consecuencias negativas.

  • ¿Qué es aprender sobre creatividad según el discurso?

    -Aprender sobre creatividad implica adquirir conocimientos en psicología, diseño, teoría, técnicas, metodologías y procesos que fomentan la creatividad, como cómo llevar a cabo una buena sesión de brainstorming.

  • ¿Cómo se describen las reglas del espacio para fomentar la creatividad?

    -Crear un espacio colaborativo donde las personas interactúen, hablen y intercambien ideas, decorar las paredes con colores vivos, poner mesas de ping pong y darles una atmósfera relajada.

  • ¿Qué es un incentivo para aumentar la creatividad y cómo se ejemplifica en el discurso?

    -Un incentivo es una recompensa económica o social para generar grandes ideas. Se ejemplifica con la idea de dar un premio al autor de la idea del año.

  • ¿Cómo se relaciona la creatividad con la complejidad de los problemas que se necesita resolver?

    -La creatividad aumenta proporcionalmente a la complejidad del problema. Cuanto más complejo sea el problema, mayor es el nivel de creatividad necesario para resolverlo.

  • ¿Qué fallo se menciona en las estrategias extrinsicas para aumentar la creatividad?

    -El fallo es que estas estrategias externas no enseñan a la persona a ser creativa desde el interior, y pueden ser mal utilizadas o sobreutilizadas, o tener un límite en su efectividad.

  • ¿Qué evento inspirador llevó al ponente a entender la verdadera fuente de la creatividad?

    -El evento que inspiró al ponente fue encontrar a un grupo de consultores trabajando hasta tarde en una viernes por la noche en un proyecto de innovación para mejorar la vida de los pacientes con cáncer.

  • ¿Qué es la empatía según el ponente y cómo ayuda a la creatividad?

    -La empatía, según el ponente, es comprender profundamente las emociones y necesidades de otra persona, y es la fuente más poderosa y fundamental para maximizar la creatividad.

  • ¿Cómo se sugiere que la empatía se ve afectada a medida que las personas crecen y trabajan en empresas?

    -Se sugiere que la empatía se ve afectada porque a medida que las personas crecen y trabajan en empresas, su capacidad de empatía disminuye, ya que las empresas subestiman su valor y las personas la descuidan.

  • ¿Qué papel juega la empatía en la capacidad de las personas para generar ideas creativas?

    -La empatía es crucial para generar ideas creativas porque permite comprender las necesidades y emociones de los demás, lo que impulsa a la imaginación y a la creatividad.

Outlines

00:00

🎨 La importancia de maximizar la creatividad

El narrador describe su entorno creativo y cómo se convirtió en un entusiasta de la creatividad tras estudiar diseño industrial. A lo largo de 12 años en una firma de innovación, ha observado cómo algunas personas, que no son naturalmente creativas, logran desbloquear su creatividad. Comparte que, aunque no investigó la creatividad como un académico, su experiencia en consultoría le ha permitido entender mejor cómo las personas asimilan la creatividad, y cómo ciertos elementos, como la eliminación del miedo, pueden aumentar el flujo de ideas.

05:05

🏓 Estrategias extrínsecas para fomentar la creatividad

Se exponen varias estrategias extrínsecas que ayudan a fomentar la creatividad, como la creación de un espacio colaborativo o el uso de incentivos económicos. Sin embargo, estas estrategias, aunque útiles, tienen un límite cuando se trata de problemas más complejos. La comparación entre soluciones simples, como decidir dónde cenar, y problemas de mayor complejidad, como el diseño de productos o la mejora de servicios, subraya la necesidad de aplicar distintos niveles de creatividad según el contexto.

10:06

💡 La frustración con los incentivos externos

El narrador reflexiona sobre la limitación de los incentivos externos para fomentar la creatividad. Aunque inicialmente útiles, estos incentivos no transforman a las personas desde el interior. Compartiendo una experiencia personal en la que un grupo de consultores se quedó trabajando tarde un viernes, se destaca cómo el verdadero motor de la creatividad en este caso no fue una recompensa externa, sino una conexión emocional con los pacientes de cáncer para quienes estaban diseñando soluciones.

15:07

❤️ La clave para maximizar la creatividad: La empatía

La empatía emerge como el factor más poderoso para fomentar la creatividad. El equipo de consultores estaba motivado por mejorar la vida de los pacientes de cáncer, lo que llevó a ideas extraordinarias. El narrador explica que la empatía profunda —entender lo que hace feliz o triste a alguien y experimentar esos sentimientos como propios— es crucial para generar ideas innovadoras y transformadoras. Sin este nivel de empatía, las soluciones no responden adecuadamente a las necesidades reales de las personas.

20:09

🌍 La empatía como solución a los problemas globales

El narrador concluye que la falta de empatía es la razón por la cual las empresas y gobiernos luchan por resolver problemas complejos. Las soluciones creativas no pueden depender solo de motivaciones externas, sino de una verdadera comprensión de las necesidades de las personas. Reflexiona sobre los problemas del mundo actual —desigualdad, violencia, intolerancia— y cómo el diseño y la creatividad con empatía podrían ofrecer soluciones duraderas y significativas.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡creatividad

La creatividad es la capacidad de generar ideas originales y valiosas. En el video, se discute cómo maximizar la creatividad, destacando que algunas personas son increíblemente creativas mientras otras no lo son. Se menciona que la creatividad puede ser potenciada por varios factores o elementos, como la eliminación del miedo y la empoderamiento.

💡entusiasta

Un entusiasta de la creatividad es alguien que tiene un gran interés y pasión por el proceso de crear y desarrollar nuevas ideas. El orador describe haberse convertido en un entusiasta de la creatividad tras estudiar diseño industrial y trabajar en consultoría de innovación.

💡fear-free environment

Un ambiente libre de miedos es un espacio donde las personas pueden expresar sus ideas sin temor a las consecuencias negativas. El video destaca que crear un entorno libre de miedos puede fomentar la creatividad al reducir las consecuencias materiales o sociales negativas.

💡empowerment

El empoderamiento es el proceso de otorgar poder o control a alguien. En el contexto del video, el empoderamiento se menciona como una estrategia para aumentar la creatividad, al hacer que las personas se sientan capaces y seguras al proponer ideas sin temor a las consecuencias negativas.

💡ideación

La ideación es el proceso de generar y desarrollar nuevas ideas. El video explora cómo las personas pueden ser ayudadas a fluir mejor y generar más ideas a través de la ideación, especialmente en un entorno libre de miedos y con el apoyo adecuado.

💡brainstorming

El brainstorming es una técnica de trabajo en grupo para generar una gran cantidad de ideas en un corto período de tiempo. El video menciona que el orador ha participado en miles de sesiones de brainstorming, observando cómo algunas personas tienen dificultades para ser creativas mientras otras tienen una constante explosión de ideas.

💡incentivos

Los incentivos son recompensas o estímulos que se ofrecen para motivar a las personas a realizar ciertas acciones. En el video, se discute cómo los incentivos económicos o de reconocimiento social pueden fomentar la creatividad, pero también se señala que tienen limitaciones y pueden ser menos efectivos para problemas más complejos.

💡complicidad

La complicidad se refiere a la asociación o conspiración en un plan o acción. En el video, se menciona que las empresas que fingen ser creativas al tener una mesa de ping pong o dart, pero en realidad tienen una estructura jerárquica cerrada, están malinterpretando la creatividad.

💡empatía

La empatía es la capacidad de comprender y compartir las emociones de otra persona. El video argumenta que la empatía es la clave para maximizar la creatividad, ya que motiva a las personas a generar mejores ideas al centrarse en mejorar la vida de otros.

💡contexto

El contexto es el entorno o situación en el que algo existe o sucede. En el video, el orador enfatiza la importancia de entender el contexto real de las personas, como los pacientes de cáncer, para generar ideas creativas y soluciones efectivas.

💡innovación

La innovación es el proceso de introducir nuevas ideas, métodos o productos. El video habla sobre la importancia de la innovación en la vida de las empresas y cómo la creatividad puede ser potenciada para desarrollar productos y servicios innovadores.

Highlights

Crecio en un entorno creativo expuesto a la arquitectura, el arte y la literatura.

Estudió diseño industrial y se convirtió en entusiasta de la creatividad.

Lidero una consultoría de innovación durante 12 años.

Se interesó en cómo maximizar la creatividad en las personas.

Observó cómo personas poco creativas se vuelven increíblemente creativas.

Comparte su hallazgo de cómo maximizar la creatividad.

Tomó la vía de la consultoría para estudiar la creatividad en casos reales.

Ha asesorado a muchas organizaciones y visto a personas volverse creativas.

Participó en más de 1400 proyectos de innovación y miles de sesiones de brainstorming.

Descubrió que ciertos elementos ayudan a las personas a ser creativas, como eliminar el miedo.

La ausencia de restricciones temporales y la reducción de consecuencias negativas fomenta la creatividad.

La empoderamiento es otra estrategia para aumentar la creatividad.

Aprender sobre creatividad, como técnicas y métodos, también fomenta la creatividad.

Las reglas del espacio y el diseño de un espacio colaborativo pueden estimular la creatividad.

El incentivo económico y el reconocimiento social también pueden aumentar la creatividad.

La creatividad aumenta proporcionalmente a la complejidad del problema que se necesita resolver.

Las técnicas y motivaciones extrinsicas tienen un límite y no cambian a una persona de adentro.

La empatía es la clave más útil y fundamental para maximizar la creatividad.

La empatía no es solo ponerse en el lugar de alguien sino vivir sus experiencias y emociones.

La empatía es fundamental para llegar a ideas creativas que beneficien a otros.

La creatividad depende de la empatía y el amor hacia los demás para cambiar el mundo.

Transcripts

play00:00

Translator: Misraim Macías Cervantes Reviewer: Ilse S. Úziel

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Thank you.

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I grew up in a very creative environment.

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I was exposed to architecture, art, literature,

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then, I studied industrial design

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as many of the speakers you have heard today,

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and I became a creativity enthusiast.

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For 12 years, I've been leading one of the main consulting innovation firms

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and one of the questions I've been more interested in the past 15 years is

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how can we maximize our creativity?

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I mean, what makes some people

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incredibly creative while others aren't.

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What factors or elements can help people

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boost creativity to the next level?

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I've seen how

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not creative people suddenly become incredibly creative,

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and what I came to share with you tonight

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is that I think I've found the answer to this question.

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I'm going to share it now.

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Although I would have loved to professionally investigate this area,

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the way a psychology scholar would have studied how creativity works.

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I actually took another way: Consultancy.

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This confronts me with real company cases

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and gives me a first-hand view of how people assimilates creativity,

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ideation and other subjects.

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As a leader of my company, we have advised a lot of organizations.

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I've seen all sorts of people becoming creative.

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I've seen how working groups,

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like our designers team, or social scientists,

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understand creativity.

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I've participated in over 1400 innovation projects.

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I've participated in thousands of brainstorming sessions,

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I've seen

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how some people find it difficult to be creative,

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and others have a constant burst of ideas.

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They easily come up with crazy and stupid ideas.

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I've found that there are different elements,

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different variables that help people to be creative.

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One of them is getting rid of fear.

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When you create a fear-free environment

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and reduce awful consequences,

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such as material or social consequences, or making a fool of yourself.

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People tend to be more creative without time constraints.

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People flow better and come up with more ideas.

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When you take away the environmental risk,

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that is, not having the boss in front of them,

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suddenly people become a bit more creative.

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So, there are some external factors, like fear elimination,

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that help people boost their creativity.

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Empowerment is another strategy to increase creativity.

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You can empower someone:

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State that creativity is part of their responsibilities.

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Tell people that they are the most creative person in the world,

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and you will turn them into creative people.

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You can encourage people to feel brave enough to suggest ideas,

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without bad consequences,

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and boost their creativity self-esteem.

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That is one strategy.

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Another strategy is to learn about creativity.

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That basically means becoming knowledgeable

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in psychology, design, understanding theory,

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learning techniques, methodologies and processes to foster creativity,

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like how to conduct a good brainstorming,

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and have that kind of stimuli,

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information to encourage creativity.

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That also works pretty well.

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One of my favorite ones: Rules of space.

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Create a collaborative space, where people interact,

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where they can talk things over

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and exchange ideas on the hallway,

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paint the walls in colors, ping pong tables and darts.

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It is pretty fun, unless you are kicked out of the company

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for playing all the time.

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Yet, many companies do that,

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as if to say that they are breaking the rules and being creative.

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Like those narrow minded hierarchic companies,

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with a ping pong table, who say: "this is our innovation center."

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Unhappily.

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Another one I love is the incentive,

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"The carrot."

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Give people an economic incentive for example, to generate great ideas

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or social acknowledgement to the person who gave the idea of the year.

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Great, right? Giving rewards,

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or just give employment to creative people.

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There are many ways

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to extrinsically boost creativity

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Like the four I just mentioned,

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the problem is that

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according to the difficulty of the problems we need to solve

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we need sometimes to apply different strategies to encourage creativity

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simple problems

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for example, where to get dinner tonight

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is a very easy problem,

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and we don't need to use any technique

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to think where we are going to have dinner,

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maybe the most standard or the least creative

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is having dinner at home as usual.

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If you use a little creativity it can occur to you

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to make a picnic, at night in the park,

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hey, that's creative!

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That's cool.

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These are ideas out of the blue,

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for which you don't need too much help to come up with.

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On a product level, for example,

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if you have to design a shoe collection,

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now that we are here in León.

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The least creative thing to do is to copy what is done in Italy,

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copy and do the same here.

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And if you use a bit of creativity

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you can make a collection like the one Melissa does,

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a Brazilian company that basically creates jelly-shoes,

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from very recognized designers

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and sells them up to USD 70 each.

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It is quite profitable and creative too.

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At a product and service level,

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incentives or extrinsic motivators

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usually work at a service level.

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For instance, if you are only focused on getting on time,

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but not providing any additional experience,

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or any creative services whatsoever, you become Aeroméxico.

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But If you want to give something more,

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you can become something like Virgin,

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that gives you an amazing and memorable flight experience.

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At a social issues level

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things turn even more complex.

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At the level of social issues,

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you can design a program such as Bolsa Familia,

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that is basically giving money to poor families

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to reduce poverty, or you can be a bit more creative

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and think of a program where rich people adopt a poor family.

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So, maybe now you are more aware

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of the creativity level needed to solve certain issues:

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creativity increases proportionally to the complexity of the problem.

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Nowadays, we need to solve more complex problems than we did in the past.

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therefore, the techniques and incentives,

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the creativity you need to turn a worthless idea

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into a wow idea is higher.

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Those strategies I previously shared with you,

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have a flaw.

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The flaw is that all those are extrinsic strategies

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That is, things you do on the outside so that someone becomes creative,

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but failing in teaching the person how to be creative from the inside.

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This is a problem, because using only extrinsic motivators

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that oftentimes can be wrongly used or overused,

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or if you stop the incentives,

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for example, you stop giving incentives for "idea of the year"

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people will question "where is my economic reward for ideas?"

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or they will only come up with ideas until the reward is granted,

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instead of inspiring them to be creative over time,

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besides, there is a limit to this kind of incentives.

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it's like using a waist trimmer,

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you're somehow cheating by using these external incentives.

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I used to feel frustrated by these external incentives failure.

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They were not helping people to be creative.

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Incentives are allies,

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yet, they don't change the person from the inside.

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So,

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I started to realize

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that actually these external incentives,

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or external motivations, have a limit.

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That means,

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they encourage creativity up to certain level.

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Beyond that level, external motivators are almost useless.

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All the ones I previously mentioned as helpful.

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This is a problem,

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like I said before,

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the kind of problems we need to solve nowadays,

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are more complex than just thinking of a product,

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or deciding where to have dinner.

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Then something happened,

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that helped me solve the question I just stated.

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Some months ago,

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it was a Friday night,

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9pm.

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I had stayed at the office a bit longer, and was about to leave.

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I turned off the lights when suddenly, from the back,

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from a room in the back,

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someone said, "don't turn off the lights, we are here."

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And I thought: "Who is here 9pm on a Friday night?,

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people should be with their families, in the movies,

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As far as I know there are no deadlines for Monday

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that demand people to stay."

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So I went to see who was there.

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It was a group of consultants, five of them are here today.

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It was a group of consultants, working on a problem,

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they were generating ideas.

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Their project was

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basically about understanding how life of cancer patients is,

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and design ideas and solutions to improve patients quality of life.

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It was an innovation project,

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so I came over and I told them:

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"What's up guys?, It's nine O'clock, let's go.

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Don't you have things to do?, don't you have a family?,

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or something better to do? you don't deliver this on Monday."

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And they told me, "Thing is we are finding a solution.

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We are iterating and generating a cool idea

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that occurred to us this afternoon."

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"Tell me more about it," I said. The idea was indeed unbelievable!

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So I told them,

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You are in a flow, Psychologist Mihály Csíkszentmihályi

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coined that term some years ago.

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They said: "Yes we are on a flow, we are working on the idea."

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But rather than that,

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I realized,

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that the team

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was surrounded by stories, images and photographs

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of the people they've interviewed the past week.

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To give you some context,

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what the team did the two previous weeks,

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was sitting down with cancer patients

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at their homes for two hours.

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They talked to them

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and talked with their doctors at their offices.

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They understood,

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how the public Mexican health system works.

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It is full of mistakes.

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They listened to the patient's stories:

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Totally depressed patients because they were going to die,

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and ecstatic patients because they were going to die --

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yet they were happy.

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They heard terrible stories,

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such as the patient who remained misdiagnosed for many years

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thinking it was something simple.

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Then the tumor started to grow and grow,

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until he was correctly diagnosed at stage three or four,

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and had 3 months to live.

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He was frustrated with the health system,

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yet was happy because he was helping

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for future cancer patients.

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I realized that my team was surrounded by these people

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that is when I had this aha moment,

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and said, "Of course, what motivates my team

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for staying late on a Friday night,

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is not necessarily about work.

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They are designing solutions for those patients.

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Their motivation

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is working to make patients life better.

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That encourages them to generate better ideas.

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I then realized, that the key

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the most useful and fundamental element,

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the most efficient way to maximize creativity,

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is empathy.

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Actually, they were not working for themselves,

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they were not working for the company,

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not even working for the customer.

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At 9 pm, they were working to improve people's lives.

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The fact of feeling empathy and getting to know the patient,

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was lighting up ideas, extraordinary ideas.

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So, I realized that those incentives,

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those intrinsic incentives are much more powerful

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than any extrinsic incentive or motivation

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that you have to encourage creativity.

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By empathy I don't mean the definition

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available on the Royal Spanish Academy dictionary,

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A pretty flat one:

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"Mental and affective affinity of an individual with other people's mood."

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That is so flat.

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By empathy I mean

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not to step on someone else's shoes,

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but to walk for a month

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in those shoes,

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and feel the blisters that you get from walking in those shoes.

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Empathy means to deeply understand

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what makes that person happy or sad.

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Their needs.

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It is watching that person in that real context,

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and suddenly understand why things happen and why people feel that way

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and experience those feelings as your own.

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Wearing emotions on the sleeve

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means being able to acknowledge other people's feelings,

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and feel them yourself.

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Call it emotional connection, if you are cheesy you can call it love.

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Yet, that is the level of empathy

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you need to come up with the best ideas.

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If you can't reach that level of empathy,

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you won't understand the kind of ideas people need.

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What makes the difference between

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a creative person with good ideas,

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and an extraordinarily creative one,

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is the level of empathy with those who will benefit from the idea.

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When you reach that point, that connection and empathy,

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it will drive you to the edge of imagination,

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which is where you can create new ideas.

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Think of a professional athlete,

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who is always pushing the limits.

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The most creative and innovative person

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is the one that strives for the edge through empathy.

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Even better,

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that way of generating ideas,

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from the empathy of your heart,

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makes of you a creative person

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without any sort of shortcut.

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Incredibly,

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everybody has the potential for empathy,

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except maybe for politicians, they seem to lack that skill.

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When we, when babies are born,

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empathy is one of their first reactions, emotions.

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At the nursery crib, a baby starts crying and the other babies cry too.

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They don't cry out of fear of the first crying baby,

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That is false.

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they cry because they feel what the first baby is feeling.

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So, since we are babies, then children,

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we are empathic and closely feel what others feel.

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As we grow up, that capability fades away,

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we stop using it because companies dismiss its value.

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We dismiss empathy ourselves.

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I understand that some professions can't be too empathic, like doctors.

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I understand why they show little empathy,

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they would suffer every time a patient dies.

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In that case it's OK not to be empathic.

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but the rest of us, who work on the creative business,

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we need to be empathic and remain deeply aware

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of our users needs.

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That will lift us to the next level of creativity,

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Our almost forgotten empathy,

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is the reason why we need external motivation,

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like having the office walls in colors or buy a ping-pong table,

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or giving economic incentives and carrots so that people generate ideas.

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This is why people find so hard to create ideas,

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and why companies have a hard time

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encouraging their employees ideas.

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This is why governments are unable to solve our toughest problems.

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They have few and bad ideas.

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Yet, they are spending money, but doing no good,

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all because they lack empathy to notice people's needs.

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[Not investing in emotional capital means

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never being able to create the solutions our world needs]

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We can bridge that gap with empathy,

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and create ideas in accordance to what we need nowadays.

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If we don't invest emotional capital,

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that is, a bit of our own feelings

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in order to understand someone else,

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we are never going to generate solutions to our current complex problems.

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Sometimes I'm just too optimistic, but don't get me wrong,

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I travel a lot and get to see much of what happens in the world.

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The world right now,

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is living a fragile moment.

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There are problems, envies, violence,

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economic inequality and opportunity disparity.

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We are drowning in intolerance and incompetence.

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That kind of problems can be tackled by creative people.

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If our creativity will only depend on external factors,

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we will never get to solve those problems.

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If you design, thinking only on your own benefit from creativity,

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you won't get far.

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But if you keep others in mind,

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if you design with empathy and love towards other people,

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you will change the world.

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Thank you so much.

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creatividadinnovaciónempatíadiseño industrialconsultoríamotivación internasolución de problemasproyectos socialesestrategias creativasexperiencia humana
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