A Level Chemistry Revision "Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table"

Summary

This video from the 'Three Science' series explores the correlation between an element's electron configuration and its position in the periodic table. It explains how scientists categorize elements into S, P, D, and F blocks based on the subshell of their highest energy electron. Using silicon as an example, the video demonstrates how to verify electron configurations by aligning them with an element's position in the periodic table. Special attention is given to the d-block, where the 4s subshell fills before the 3d, exemplified with nickel's electron configuration.

Takeaways

• 🔬 The periodic table is divided into blocks named after the subshell containing the highest energy electron for elements in that block.
• 📚 There are four blocks: S, P, D, and F, each corresponding to the type of subshell where the highest energy electron is found.
• 🌐 The S block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in an S subshell.
• 🔵 The P block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in a P subshell.
• 🟠 The D block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in a D subshell.
• 🟣 The F block includes elements where the highest energy electron is in an F subshell, but it's not used in this video.
• 🔍 Electron configurations can be verified using the periodic table by checking the position of an element and the subshells filled.
• 💡 Silicon is used as an example with 14 electrons, and its electron configuration is confirmed by its position in the periodic table.
• ⚠️ Caution is advised when using the periodic table for electron configurations due to the complexity introduced by the d-block.
• 🎓 The first row of the d-block represents electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell, with the 4s subshell filling before the 3d subshell.
• 🌰 Nickel is given as an example with 28 electrons, and its electron configuration is explained in relation to its position in the periodic table.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video?

The video focuses on explaining the link between the electron configuration of an element and its position in the periodic table.

How are the elements in the periodic table divided into blocks?

The elements in the periodic table are divided into blocks named after the subshell containing the highest energy electron for the elements in that block.

What are the different blocks in the periodic table?

The blocks in the periodic table include the S block, P block, D block, and F block.

Which block is not used in the video?

The F block is not used in the video.

How can the blocks in the periodic table help verify an electron configuration?

The blocks can be used to check if an electron configuration is correct by comparing the subshells filled with electrons to the position of the element in the periodic table.

What is the electron configuration of silicon as discussed in the video?

The electron configuration of silicon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p².

Why is it important to be careful when using the periodic table to check electron configurations?

It's important to be careful because of the d-block, where the first row represents the electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell, and the 4s subshell fills before the 3d subshell.

What is the electron configuration of nickel as an example in the video?

The electron configuration of nickel is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s¹.

How does the video demonstrate the electron configuration of nickel using the periodic table?

The video demonstrates the electron configuration of nickel by showing the subshells filling with electrons and aligning them with the position of nickel in the periodic table.

What is the significance of the 3d subshell in relation to the electron configuration of elements in the d-block?

The 3d subshell is significant because it is part of the d-block, and the first row of the d-block represents the electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell.

What is the next topic to be covered in the series after this video?

The next video will cover how to write the shorthand electron configuration of elements.

Outlines

00:00

🔬 Electron Configuration and Periodic Table

This paragraph introduces the relationship between an element's electron configuration and its position in the periodic table. Scientists categorize elements into blocks (S, P, D, F) based on the subshell of the highest energy electron. The video script uses silicon as an example to demonstrate how to verify electron configuration by checking its position in the periodic table. Silicon has 14 electrons distributed across various subshells, and its configuration is confirmed as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² by aligning with its position in the periodic table. The paragraph also cautions about the d-block, emphasizing that the 4s subshell fills before the 3d subshell, using nickel as an example with 28 electrons and an electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d⁸ 4s¹.

Keywords

💡Electron Configuration

Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals. In the context of the video, it's the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an element, which determines the chemical properties of the element. The video uses silicon as an example, explaining that its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2, which aligns with its position in the periodic table.

💡Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized on the basis of their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. The video script discusses how the periodic table is divided into blocks, each associated with a specific subshell that contains the highest energy electron for elements in that block.

💡Subshell

A subshell is a subdivision of an electron shell in an atom where electrons with similar energies are located. The video explains that the periodic table is divided into blocks named after the subshell containing the highest energy electron: S, P, D, and F blocks. For example, in the S block, the highest energy electron is in an S subshell.

💡S Block

The S block in the periodic table contains elements where the highest energy electron is in an S subshell. The video uses the S block to illustrate how elements like silicon have their electron configurations verified by their position in the periodic table.

💡P Block

The P block elements have their highest energy electron in a P subshell. The video script explains that by using the blocks in the periodic table, one can easily check if an electron configuration is correct, as demonstrated with silicon.

💡D Block

The D block in the periodic table includes elements where the highest energy electron is in a D subshell. The video script cautions that care must be taken when using the periodic table to check electron configurations, especially because of the D block's complexity.

💡F Block

The F block elements have their highest energy electron in an F subshell. Although the video script mentions the F block, it states that it won't be used in the video, suggesting that the focus is on the other blocks for the purpose of the lesson.

💡Highest Energy Electron

The highest energy electron is the electron that occupies the outermost subshell in an atom. The video emphasizes that the periodic table's blocks are named after the subshell containing this electron, which is crucial for determining the electron configuration of elements.

💡Shorthand Electron Configuration

Shorthand electron configuration is a simplified way of writing the electron configuration of an element. The video script mentions that the next video will cover how to write this shorthand configuration, which is a condensed form of the electron configuration that still conveys the same information.

💡Nickel

Nickel is used as an example in the video to demonstrate how to determine electron configurations, especially for elements in the D block. With 28 electrons, nickel's electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2, and the video explains how to verify this configuration using the periodic table.

Highlights

Introduction to the relationship between electron configuration and the periodic table.

Explanation of how scientists divide the periodic table into different blocks based on subshells.

Description of the S block and its highest energy electron in the S subshell.

Description of the P block and its highest energy electron in the P subshell.

Description of the D block and its highest energy electron in the D subshell.

Description of the F block and its highest energy electron in the F subshell.

Demonstration of how to check electron configuration using the periodic table for Silicon.

Explanation of electron placement in the 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p subshells for Silicon.

Confirmation of Silicon's electron configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 using the periodic table.

Caution regarding the use of the periodic table, especially concerning the D block.

Explanation of the first row of the D block representing the electrons in the d subshell of the third electron shell.

Example of Nickel's electron configuration and how to verify it using the periodic table.

Description of the electron configuration of Nickel as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2.

Explanation of the filling order of subshells in the periodic table for Nickel.

Introduction to the next video's topic: writing shorthand electron configurations.

Transcripts

[Music]

hi and welcome back to three science

lessons over the last couple of videos

we've looked at working out the electron

configuration of elements hopefully

you're getting the idea that it's

relatively straightforward in this video

we're looking at the link between the

electron configuration of an element and

its place in the periodic table

now the first key are you need to

understand is that scientists divide the

periodic table into different blocks

each block is named after the sub shell

containing the highest energy electron

for the elements in that block so first

we've got the S block and in all of

these elements the highest energy

electron is an S sub shell for the

elements in the P block the highest

energy electron is an Appy sub shell in

the D block the highest energy electron

in all of the elements is in a d

subshell and lastly we've got the F

block again for all of the elements in

the F block the highest energy electron

is in an F sub shell now I'm going to

remove the F block because it won't be

using that in this video okay now by

using the blocks in the periodic table

we can easily check that an electron

configuration is correct let's look at

silicon which has got 14 electrons the

first two electrons go into the 1s sub

shell the second to go into the to s sub

shell and the next six go into the 2p

sub-shell the next two electrons go into

the three s sub shell then finally we've

got two electrons in the three P sub

shell now to check that this is correct

all we've got to do is look at the

periodic table I'm gonna remove the

elements to make this easier periods one

two and three represent the first second

and third electron shells so by looking

at the position of silicon we can work

out the electron configuration this

represents the two electrons in the 1s

sub shell and the two electrons in the

2's sub shell and this represents the

electrons in the 2p sub-shell and the 3

s subshell now we can see that silicon

is the second element in the 3p sub

shell and this confirms the electron

configuration as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2

okay now you do need to be careful when

you

the periodic table like this and that's

because of the d-block the first row of

the d-block represents the electrons in

the d subshell of the third electron

shell remember that the four s subshell

fills before the 3d subshell so let's

look at an example we're going to look

at nickel which has got 28 electrons the

electron configuration of nickel is 1s2

2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 8 for s 2 looking the

periodic table we can see the sub shells

filling with the electrons these

represent the electrons in the 1s 2s and

2p subshells next we have the electrons

in the 3s and 3p sub shells then we have

the electrons in the 4 s subshell and

lastly we have the electrons in the 3d

subshell okay in the next video we look

at how to write the shorthand electron

configuration of elements

[Music]