Família e período da Tabela Periódica através da Distribuição Eletrônica.

Summary

This lesson explains how to identify an element's family (group) and period (row) on the periodic table using its electron configuration. Through the distribution of electrons across energy levels and sublevels (represented by the Linus Pauling diagram), the instructor demonstrates how to determine the group and period of elements like magnesium, gallium, titanium, copper, and zinc. The video emphasizes recognizing patterns based on the ending of electron configurations and counting energy levels to accurately place each element in its correct position on the periodic table. The session highlights key elements of periodic trends and classification methods.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script explains how to use electronic configurations to determine the family and period of elements in the periodic table.
• 😀 The electronic configuration diagram, known as Linus Pauling's diagram, is used to show the distribution of electrons across energy levels and sublevels.
• 😀 To determine an element's family, you check the number of electrons in its outermost (valence) shell, and if the configuration ends in S or P, it's a representative element.
• 😀 The family (group) of an element is determined based on the number of electrons in its last shell: for example, magnesium has two valence electrons, so it belongs to family 2A.
• 😀 The period (row) of an element is determined by how many energy levels (shells) are filled during its electron distribution.
• 😀 The example of magnesium shows that it has two electrons in the valence shell (M shell), placing it in family 2A and period 3.
• 😀 The group number for elements in family 2A corresponds to the number of valence electrons in their outermost shell.
• 😀 The example of gallium, with atomic number 31, shows the process of electron distribution and determining its family (3A) and period (4).
• 😀 For transition metals, the family is determined differently. For example, titanium, which ends in 4s2, is placed in family 4B, as it is a transition element.
• 😀 The script emphasizes that when determining the family of an element, if the distribution ends in an S or P orbital, it's part of a representative element group, while if it ends in D or F orbitals, it's a transition element.
• 😀 Examples of other elements like copper and zinc are also discussed, demonstrating the use of electron distribution to identify families and periods.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the script?

The main topic of the script is how to determine the family and period of an element in the periodic table using electronic configuration and the Linus Pauling diagram.

How are the families in the periodic table determined based on the electronic configuration?

The families in the periodic table are determined by the number of electrons in the outermost energy level (valence shell). If the electron configuration ends in 'S' or 'P', the element belongs to a representative family.

What is the significance of the letters 'S', 'P', 'D', and 'F' in the electronic configuration?

'S', 'P', 'D', and 'F' represent the sublevels of the electron shell. 'S' and 'P' are associated with the representative elements, while 'D' and 'F' correspond to transition metals and inner transition metals, respectively.

How can you identify the period of an element using its electronic configuration?

The period of an element is determined by the highest energy level or the number of shells in its electron configuration. For example, if the configuration ends with the 3rd shell being filled, the element belongs to period 3.

What is the role of the Linus Pauling diagram in this process?

The Linus Pauling diagram helps to visualize the distribution of electrons in the atom’s orbitals and energy levels, aiding in determining the family and period of the element.

How do you determine the family of an element like magnesium?

To determine the family of magnesium, we examine its electronic configuration (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²). Since it ends in 'S' and has two electrons in its valence shell, it belongs to family 2A (group 2).

Why does the configuration of magnesium end in 3s²?

Magnesium’s electronic configuration ends in 3s² because it has two electrons in the third energy level (3rd shell), filling the 'S' sublevel.

What is the significance of the term 'element of transition'?

An 'element of transition' refers to elements that are part of the transition metals, where the electron configuration ends in 'D' or 'F' orbitals. These elements belong to the 'B' family or transition groups.

How can you determine the period of an element like titanium?

To determine the period of titanium, we look at its electronic configuration (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²). Since it involves the filling of the 4th shell, titanium belongs to period 4.

What is the relationship between the number of distributed electron shells and the period of an element?

The number of electron shells distributed corresponds directly to the period of the element. For instance, if four electron shells are filled, the element is in period 4.