HAZCHEM & NFPA Diamond
Summary
TLDRThis training session covers hazards related to chemical and petroleum product handling, focusing on the Hazchem and NFPA fire diamond systems. It explains emergency action codes (EAC) used to guide emergency responders, methods for fire suppression, and decoding EAC characters. The session also details the NFPA diamond color codes, indicating health, flammability, and reactivity hazards. Examples and calculations for multi-load vehicles are included, as well as personal protective equipment guidelines. The training emphasizes understanding hazard identification for effective emergency response and safety measures.
Takeaways
- 🚒 Hazchem plates are used on vehicles transporting hazardous substances and provide essential emergency information.
- 🧯 The Emergency Action Code (EAC) on the Hazchem plate provides guidance to first responders on how to manage fire risks and chemical spills.
- 🌊 Numbers in the EAC indicate the fire suppression method, such as water jets, foam, or dry agents like carbon dioxide.
- ⚠️ Letters in the EAC categorize the chemical hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE) required during an incident.
- 💧 'Contain' or 'Dilute' in the EAC instructs whether the chemical spill should be washed down or contained.
- 🛑 An 'E' in the EAC indicates that evacuation may be necessary due to public hazard risks.
- 🔥 The NFPA diamond system helps emergency personnel quickly identify risks associated with hazardous materials based on color-coded sections.
- 🔴 The red section of the NFPA diamond represents flammability, ranging from non-flammable to highly flammable chemicals.
- 🔵 The blue section of the NFPA diamond signifies health hazards, from no risk to severe health risks.
- 💥 The yellow section indicates reactivity, from stable materials to those capable of explosive decomposition.
Q & A
What is the purpose of the HAZCHEM warning plate system?
-The HAZCHEM warning plate system is used for vehicles transporting hazardous substances and at storage facilities. It provides emergency responders with key information, such as the emergency action code, UN substance identification number, and a warning symbol indicating the danger posed by the chemical.
What information is provided in the top left section of the HAZCHEM plate?
-The top left section of the HAZCHEM plate displays the Emergency Action Code (EAC), which provides guidance to emergency services on the actions to take in case of an incident involving the hazardous substance.
How is the first character of the Emergency Action Code (EAC) determined, and what does it represent?
-The first character of the EAC is a number ranging from 1 to 4, indicating the type of fire suppressant that should be used. For example, 1 means water jets, 2 means fog or fine spray, 3 means foam, and 4 means a dry agent like carbon dioxide.
What does the letter in the Emergency Action Code signify?
-The letter in the Emergency Action Code indicates the category of the chemical, including whether it is violent or reactive. It also informs the responders about the required personal protective equipment and the actions needed for safe handling and disposal.
What does the letter 'B' in the Emergency Action Code indicate about the chemical?
-The letter 'B' indicates that the chemical can be violently or explosively reactive with the atmosphere or water, requiring careful handling.
How are multi-load emergency action codes calculated for vehicles carrying multiple hazardous substances?
-To calculate the multi-load EAC, the most hazardous characters from each substance's code are selected. The highest number is chosen for the first character, the most severe protection level for the second, and the most hazardous control measures for the third.
What does the NFPA Diamond system represent?
-The NFPA Diamond system is used to identify the hazards of materials for emergency response. It categorizes chemicals based on flammability, health hazard, reactivity, and special hazards, each represented by a different color and number.
What do the different colors in the NFPA Diamond represent?
-The red section represents flammability, the blue section represents health hazards, the yellow section represents reactivity, and the white section contains codes for special hazards.
What does a '4' in the red section of the NFPA Diamond indicate?
-A '4' in the red section of the NFPA Diamond indicates that the substance is extremely flammable, vaporizing quickly at normal temperatures, and burns readily, such as acetylene or propane.
What kind of health hazard does a '3' in the blue section of the NFPA Diamond indicate?
-A '3' in the blue section indicates that short exposure to the substance could cause serious temporary or moderate residual injury, requiring significant precautions during handling.
Outlines
🔥 Overview of Hazards and Safety Codes in Handling Chemical and Petroleum Products
This paragraph introduces the session on handling chemical and petroleum product hazards, specifically focusing on the HAZCHEM and NFPA fire diamonds. The discussion will cover HAZCHEM, emergency action codes (EAC), fire suppression methods, safety parameters, and examples of multi-load vehicles. It explains that HAZCHEM is a warning system for hazardous substances in transport and storage, detailing various elements like the EAC, UN identification number, and emergency contact information. The role of the emergency services is also outlined, with a brief explanation of non-hazardous plates.
🚨 Understanding Emergency Action Codes (EAC)
This paragraph explains the emergency action code (EAC) system, which is crucial for first responders in dealing with incidents involving dangerous goods. EACs are composed of a number and letters, where the number (1-4) indicates the appropriate fire suppression method (e.g., water jets, foam, dry agents), and the letter represents specific hazards and personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements. It details the role of EAC in advising emergency personnel on fire suppression, hazardous reactions with water, and PPE categories. Additionally, the paragraph describes Australia's adoption of certain standards and the implications of these codes for emergency response and hazardous materials.
🧯 PPE and Chemical Spillage Control in Emergency Situations
This section discusses the types of personal protective equipment (PPE) required in different hazardous situations, distinguishing between categories like full-body suits and breathing apparatus (BA). It explains when and how to use PPE based on emergency action codes. The paragraph also covers protocols for dealing with chemical spills, such as dilution or containment, and situations where evacuation might be necessary. Symbols like 'E' indicate when evacuation is mandatory. Examples of various EAC codes are provided to illustrate how the system works in real-life situations, including advice on using different fire suppression methods and handling spillages.
🧪 HAZCHEM Code Calculations for Multi-loads
This paragraph walks through how to calculate the HAZCHEM code for multi-load vehicles carrying multiple hazardous substances. By analyzing the first character (indicating fire suppression methods) and the second character (indicating hazard level and protection methods), the highest severity is chosen to form a composite code for the entire load. A detailed example is provided, illustrating the calculation of a multi-load HAZCHEM code when multiple emergency action codes like 3Y, 2S, and 4WE are involved. The paragraph emphasizes the importance of selecting the highest hazard and protection level to ensure proper safety measures.
⚠️ Introduction to the NFPA Diamond and its Importance
This section introduces the NFPA 704 standard, which uses the 'fire diamond' to help emergency personnel quickly assess risks posed by hazardous materials. The NFPA diamond uses color codes to represent different hazard categories: red for flammability, blue for health hazards, yellow for chemical reactivity, and white for special warnings. These divisions allow emergency responders to identify risks and decide on the necessary precautions or procedures. The importance of understanding and using these color codes to prevent accidents during emergency responses is highlighted.
🔥 NFPA Diamond: Flammability Ratings (Red Section)
Here, the flammability ratings within the NFPA diamond's red section are detailed. Materials are rated from 0 to 4, with 0 representing materials that do not burn (like concrete) and 4 representing highly flammable substances (like acetylene). The flammability scale covers a range of substances, from those that require intense preheating to ignite, to those that ignite readily under normal temperatures. Each level on the scale is explained with examples of substances that correspond to the different ratings, including gasoline, diesel fuel, and mineral oil.
🩺 NFPA Diamond: Health Hazards (Blue Section)
This paragraph explains the health hazard ratings in the NFPA diamond, which are indicated by the blue section. Chemicals are rated from 0 (no health hazard) to 4 (extremely dangerous). Examples are provided for each level, such as potassium chloride (rated 1, causing minor irritation) and hydrogen cyanide (rated 4, potentially deadly after brief exposure). The paragraph explains how these ratings help in determining the precautions needed to protect workers and the public from chemical exposure.
💥 NFPA Diamond: Chemical Reactivity (Yellow Section)
This part of the NFPA diamond focuses on chemical reactivity, as indicated by the yellow section. The reactivity is rated from 0 (stable under normal conditions) to 4 (capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures). Examples of chemicals for each reactivity level include nitrogen (0), potassium (2), ammonium nitrate (3), and nitroglycerin (4). The importance of understanding these ratings is stressed, as it informs the necessary precautions to handle reactive substances safely.
❗ Special Hazard Symbols (White Section)
The final section explains the special hazard symbols displayed in the white area of the NFPA diamond. Standard symbols include 'OX' for oxidizers, 'W' for water-reactive substances, and 'SA' for simple asphyxiant gases. Non-standard symbols like 'COR' for corrosive and 'BIO' for biological hazards are also discussed. The use of these symbols, though not always part of the official NFPA standard, helps emergency responders identify specific risks that require special handling procedures.
📊 Examples of NFPA Diamond Usage in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
This paragraph provides examples of how NFPA diamonds are displayed on material safety data sheets (MSDS) for various chemicals like superior kerosene oil and diesel fuel. It compares the NFPA diamond with the Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS), clarifying that while both systems look similar, they serve different purposes. The importance of using NFPA diamonds for labeling hazardous materials and guiding emergency responses is highlighted. The MSDS examples show how the system is applied in real-world settings.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡HAZCHEM
💡Emergency Action Code (EAC)
💡NFPA Fire Diamond
💡Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
💡Fire Suppression
💡Reactivity
💡Flammability
💡Health Hazard
💡Oxidizer
💡Multi-load Hazard Code
Highlights
Introduction to hazards associated with handling chemical and petroleum products.
Discussion on HAZCHEM and the NFPA fire diamond system.
Explanation of the Emergency Action Code (EAC) and its role in emergency response.
How the first character in the EAC determines the fire suppression method.
Explanation of each category of chemicals and associated personal protective equipment (PPE).
How the use of breathing apparatus and PPE is critical during chemical emergencies.
Methods to decode the Emergency Action Code and interpret it during an incident.
Special focus on how EAC indicates if evacuation is necessary or if chemicals need to be contained.
Example provided on decoding multi-load EAC codes for vehicles transporting multiple hazardous substances.
Detailed explanation of the NFPA fire diamond system and its color codes.
Description of flammability ratings in the NFPA fire diamond, with examples of chemicals at different levels.
Explanation of health hazard ratings in the NFPA fire diamond, including the types of injuries from exposure.
Chemical reactivity ratings and examples of substances based on their stability.
Importance of understanding the white section of the NFPA diamond, including special hazards like oxidizers and asphyxiants.
Comparison of NFPA fire diamond with HMIS (Hazardous Materials Identification System) and their differences.
Transcripts
welcome to the second session of
training for hazards associated with
handling of chemical and petroleum
products today's topic will be husking &
NFPA of fire diamond the contents of
today's discussion will be one what is
has scheme - what is emergency action
code three
decoding the emergency action code for
the method of suppression of fire and
the husking safety parameters then we
will look for some examples and
calculations for multi load vehicles
after has scheme we will move to NFPA
diamond we will discuss various color
codes and what they mean also we will
discuss in amateur
what is a scam and what information is
given in house complete how scam is a
warning plate system used for vehicles
transporting hazardous substances and on
storage facilities a sample house
complete as you can see on the screen
contains the following details the top
left section of the plate gives the
emergency action code or EAC telling the
emergency services like the fire brigade
about what actions they have to take if
there's an accident the middle left
section gives the UN substance
identification number describing the
chemical the lower left section gives
the telephone number that should be
called if any specialist advice is
needed the warning symbol at top right
indicates what danger the chemical
presents the bottom right of the plate
may or may not carry a company logo
there is also a standard null has
complete to indicate the Transperth of
non hazardous substances the null plate
does not include any AC or substance
identification number
emergency action code the emergency
action code or EAC is a three character
code which is displayed on all dangerous
goods classed carries and provides a
quick assessment to first responders and
emergency responders like the
firefighters and police about what
actions they should take if the carrier
carrying such Goods gets involved in an
incident such as traffic collision ei
seas are characterized by a single
number ranging from one to four and
either one or two letters which
completely depend on the hazard
dangerous goods emergency action code
list is reviewed in every two years it
is an essential compliance document for
all emergency services the local
government and for those who may control
the planning and prevention of
emergencies involving dangerous goods
let's see what does the characters in
the emergency action code show first
character in the code is always a number
ranging from 1 to 4 this number is
indicative of what type of fire
suppressant should be used to suppress a
fire from igniting or extinguish a fire
caused by the chemical wherever number 1
is given it shows that the chemical
needs waterjets as fire extinguishing
medium number 2 similarly means for gas
extinguishing medium however in the
absence of fog equipment a fine spray
may be used the number 3 which we
generally see everywhere around us holds
use of form as extinguishing medium
number 4 means chemical requires dry
agent like carbon dioxide or hell and
substitutes the system is designed to
rank fire suppression methods in order
of usability for example a chemical
marked with the number 2 or 4 can be
suppressed with methods 3 foam or for
dry agent but not with 1 that is water
jets the try agent method must be used
for chemicals that have an undesirable
reaction with water and must not be
allowed to come in contact with water
therefore 4 is the highest-ranking
separation method because all the other
methods use water water must not be
allowed to come into contact with the
substance at risk
eg AC contains at least one letter which
determines which category the chemical
falls under and which also highlights
the violence of the chemical that is
likely to spontaneously combust
X
for personal protective equipment to use
while working around the chemical and
what action to take when disposing of
the chemical each category is assigned a
letter to determine what actions are
required when handling containing and
disposing of the chemical in question
there are eight major categories which
are commonly denoted by a black letter
on a white background for subcategories
exist which specifically deal with what
type of personal protective equipment
responders must wear when handing the
emergency denoted by a white letter on a
black background in Australia with the
update of the Australian dangerous goods
cord volume seven in 2010 the white
letter on a black background has been
removed
making VA as a requirement at all large
incidents regardless of whether the
substances involved in a fire or not if
a category is classed as violent it is
denoted by letter B this means that the
chemical can be violently or explosively
reactive either with the atmosphere or
water or both which could be marked by
dangerous when wet symbol protection is
divided up into three categories of
personal protective equipment for
breathing apparatus and breathing
apparatus for fire only film denotes
that full personal protective equipment
provisions must be used around and in
contact with the chemical which will
usually include a portable breathing
apparatus and watertight and chemical
proof suit PA acronym for breathing
apparatus specifies that a portable
breathing apparatus must be used at all
times in and around the chemical and ba
for fire only specifies that a breathing
apparatus is not necessary for short
exposure periods to the chemical but is
required if the chemical is on a light
PA for fire only is denoted with in the
emergency action code as a white letter
on a black background while a black
heater on a white background denotes
breathing apparatus at all times when
changing the background color is not
possible such as with handwriting the
use of brackets means the same as a
black background three ye when written
with y in brackets means the same as a
white letter on a black background
substance control specifies what to do
with the chemical in the event of a
spill either dilute or contain dilute
means that the chemical may be washed
down the drain with large quantities of
water
in requires that the spillage must
not come in contact with drains or water
courses in the event of a chemical
incident the emergency action code may
specify that an evacuation may be
necessary as the chemical poses a public
hazard which may extend beyond the
immediate vicinity
if evacuation is not possible advice to
stay indoors and secure all points of
ventilation may be necessary
this condition is denoted by an e at the
end of any emergency action code it is
an optional letter depending on the
nature of the chemical let's try to
understand by examples for EAC 3y e
looking at the table we deduce that we
have to use for more dry agent substance
reacts violently or is explosive VA use
is essential for Y without black
background evacuate vicinity and contain
spill again for 3y e containing Y with
black background we need to use for more
dry agent substance reacts violently or
is explosive use be a fire present
evacuate vicinity and contain spill for
code to R we deduce use of fog form or
dry agent the substance is not violent
useful PP and dilute spill now let's see
for X it says use dry agent only the
substance is not violent for PPE are
essential and contain the spill can you
now deduce code one s e well let's say
you Stetz
fog form or dry agent breathing
apparatus is required for Phi only
evacuation is also needed and dilute the
runaway chemical let's see calculation
of how scheme action code for multi
loads or sites with multiple husking
codes example there are three substances
to be carried as a multi load having
emergency action codes of three Y 2 s
and 4 w e the first character of the EAC
for each of the three substances is 3/2
and for the highest number must be taken
as the first character of the code for
the multi load and therefore the first
character will be for the second
character for the EAC for each of the
three substances is y S&W let's see the
characters in the table substance
control has top character
the most severe case of impact it means
in dilution check chemicals people have
more hazard than our s and T also our
will be more dangerous than SOT so the
protection method also reduces as we
move from P to t unlike dilution type
chemicals W will have more hazard than X
Y or Z same as the protection method
reduces in dilution group same will be
followed here also we can say P and W
holds same level of hazard the only
difference will be that W cannot be
washed away while P can be same as with
our antics s and Y and T and Z all these
needs same protection level as it is
evident in the table so when we have to
compare s and y we will prefer Y as it
needs to be contained though it has same
hazard as s and needs same protection
standards but when we have to choose
between our and Y we will have to choose
R because it needs better protection
level applying these principles we will
choose Y from the given two that is 3 y
+ 2 s this resultant character Y is then
taken and copied with W which is the
most hazardous material and needs
full-body protection so our third
character will be W the third substance
has E as a third character and therefore
the multi load must also have an e the
resultant husking code for the three
substances carried as a multi load will
therefore be 4w e
what is the NFPA Diamond NFPA 704
standard system for the identification
of the hazards of materials for
emergency response is a standard
maintained by the National Fire
Protection Association it was first
adopted as a guide in 1960 and revised
several times since then it defines fire
diamonds used by emergency personnel to
quickly and easily identify the risks
posed by hazardous materials this helps
to determine what special equipment
should be used what procedures have to
be followed or precautions to be taken
during the initial stages of an
emergency response what are the color
codes saying in NFPA diamond the four
divisions are typically color-coded with
red indicating flammability blue
indicating level of health hazard yellow
for chemical reactivity and white
containing codes for special hazards
each of health flammability and
reactivity is rated on a scale from zero
new hazard to fourth severe risk the
numeric values in the first column are
designated in the standard by degree of
hazard using the Arabic numerals 0 1 2 3
& 4
let's see the first square of the nfpa
diamond it shows flammability and is
indicated by red number zero on red
square means materials that will not
burn under typical fire conditions
including intrinsically non combustible
materials such as concrete stone and
sand these materials will not burn in
air when exposed to a temperature of 820
degree centigrade for a period of 5
minutes the number one means materials
will require considerable preheating
under all ambient temperature conditions
before ignition or combustion can occur
it includes some finely divided
suspended solids that do not require
heating before ignition
these have flashpoint above 93 degree
centigrade like mineral oil and ammonia
the number two means chemical must be
moderately heated or exposed to
relatively high ambient temperature
before ignition can occur like diesel
fuel paper and sulfur also multiple
finely divided suspended solids that do
not require heating before ignition
Kanaka these have flashpoint between 37
and 93 degree centigrate number 3 means
liquids and solids including finely
divided suspended solids can be ignited
under almost all ambient temperature
conditions such as gasoline and acetone
these are liquids having a flashpoint
below 23 degree centigrate and having a
boiling point at or above 37 degree
centigrade or having a flashpoint
between 23 and 38 degree centigrate
number 4 means substance or chemical
will rapidly or completely vaporize at
normal atmospheric pressure and
temperature or is readily dispersed in
air and will burn readily such as
acetylene propane hydrogen gas includes
pyrophoric substances flashpoint of
these are below room temperature or
twinning
now let's see the blue diamond which
indicates level of health hazards a
chemical having zero in blue diamond
poses no health hazard no precautions
are necessary and would often no house
it above and beyond that of ordinary
combustible materials like wood and
paper the chemicals with number one
means exposure to these chemicals would
cause irritation with only minor
residual injury like acetone sodium
bromide and potassium chloride
chemicals with number two on intense or
continued but not chronic exposure could
cause temporary incapacitation or
possible residual injury some examples
of these are diethyl ether ammonium
phosphate and iodine chemicals with
number three short exposure to these
could cause serious temporary or
moderate residual injury like liquid
hydrogen carbon monoxide calcium
hypochlorite and hexafluoride is a casa
de the deadly form means very short
exposure to these chemicals could cause
death or major residual injury like
hydrogen cyanide phosphine methyl
isocyanate and hydrofluoric acid I hope
you can identify poisonous chemicals
having foreign Blue Diamond on their
label next time moving to next cube the
instability or reactivity indicator
shown by yellow color code zero rating
means these are normally stable even
under fire exposure conditions and are
not reactive with water like helium and
nitrogen rating one is given to those
chemicals which are normally stable but
can become unstable at elevated
temperatures and pressures such as
propane rating to means chemical
undergoes violent chemical change at
elevated temperatures and pressures and
reacts violently with water or it may
form explosive mixtures with water such
as white phosphorus potassium and sodium
free rating is given to substances which
are capable of detonation or explosive
decomposition but requires a strong
initiating source they must be heated
under confinement before initiation they
reacts explosively with water or will
detonate if severely shocked examples of
these are ammonium nitrate cesium and
hydrogen peroxide then unstoppable form
means the marked substance or chemical
is readily capable of detonation or
explosive decomposition at normal
temperatures and pressures examples of
these capable bombs are nitroglycerin
chlorine dioxide nitrogen triiodide and
chlorine trifluoride special notice is
given in 4th section or cubes shown by
white color the white special notice
area can contain several symbols the
following symbols are defined by the
NFPA 704 standard Oh X means oxidizer
it allows chemicals to burn without an
air supply such as potassium perchlorate
ammonium nitrate and hydrogen peroxide
cross w means it reacts with water in an
unusual or dangerous manner like cesium
sodium and sulfuric acid sa means simple
asphyxiant gas like hydrogen nitrogen
helium neon argon Krypton and xenon
non-standard symbols are also used in
white cube these hazard codes are not
part of the NFPA 704 standard but are
occasionally used in an unofficial
manner the use of non-standard codes may
be permitted required or disallowed by
the authority having jurisdiction like
fire department
cor means corrosive or strong acid or
base such as sulfuric acid and potassium
hydroxide acid o L K means acid or
alkaline to be more specific
pío or shown symbol means biological
hazard such as flu virus or rabies virus
pio i means poisonous like strychnine or
alpha amanitin r or IE d means
radioactive such as plutonium and cobalt
60 c ry and c ry o means cryogenic such
as liquid nitrogen let's see some
examples of NFPA diamond they can be
found on any material safety data sheet
or on the bottling or packing levels of
chemicals on user guides etc it can be
shown as a diamond of the degree of
hazard can be written in tabular form as
shown this is a view of material safety
data sheet of superior kerosene oil OS
ko MSDS for anthraquinone is also shown
here can you decide which of the two
will be more flammable shown here is
MSDS for diesel fuel the table shown on
right side is known as HMIS or hazardous
materials identification system code and
it is completely different from NFPA
diamond though it may look similar
HMIS is not used as widely as NFPA
system now this is the NFPA diamond from
the gasoline or petrol is MSDS
that's all for today thank you
Voir Plus de Vidéos Connexes
Chemical Handling Safety (The Basics)
Electrical Safety Basic Training for Non-Electricians | Schneider Electric
Emergencies in the Chemistry Laboratory | ACS College Safety Video #6
Grade 7/8 TLE : (Agriculture) LESSON 4: APPLYING SAFE MEASURES IN FARM OPERATIONS !
Personal Safety in the Engine Room | Safe Voyage
OSHA Fatal Four | Module 6 | Struck By and Caught in Between Hazards | OSHA 10 Study Guide
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)