Apa itu Nasionalisme? | Idelogi Terkuat dan Termuda
Summary
TLDRThe video script explores the concept of nationalism, highlighting its dual nature as both a unifying and divisive force. It traces the historical development of nationalism, from its origins in Europe during the 16th century to its spread across the globe, emphasizing how nationalism can unite people with shared identities but also lead to conflict and division. The script references historical and modern examples, such as Yugoslavia and contemporary political rhetoric, to demonstrate nationalism's enduring influence and complex role in shaping nations and identities.
Takeaways
- đ Nationalism often unites people based on shared ancestry, culture, and language but can also divide them by creating separate identities.
- đ€ While some groups consider themselves as having the same nationality despite differences, others reject shared identity even when they have much in common.
- đ Nationalism can lead to calls for sovereignty or independence within a country, especially among groups with different aspirations.
- âïž Nationalism has been a cause of conflicts and wars between nations, as seen in historical examples like Yugoslavia and Sudan.
- đ Nationalism remains a strong political force today, used by leaders like Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, and Shinzo Abe to rally support.
- âł Despite predictions by ideologies like Marxism and Liberalism that nationalism would fade with globalization, it is actually growing in prominence.
- đ The idea of nationalism is relatively new, emerging as a political movement in the 16th century with roots in Englandâs rejection of the Catholic Church.
- đ«đ· Nationalism played a key role in revolutionary movements, such as in France, where dissatisfaction with the monarchy led to a revolution for equality and freedom.
- đ Colonialism planted the seeds of nationalism in regions like Southeast Asia, where the desire for independence from European control grew strong.
- â ïž Nationalism can have both positive and negative effectsâwhile it can unite people, it can also lead to division and conflict if misused.
Q & A
What is the central theme of the video script?
-The central theme of the video script is nationalism, its origins, impact on societies, and how it unites and divides people based on identity, culture, and history.
How does the script describe nationalism?
-Nationalism is described as an ideological movement that promotes the unity, power, and sovereignty of a group of people who identify themselves as the same nation. It can be based on racial, ethnic, or civic factors.
What are some historical examples of nationalist movements mentioned in the script?
-Historical examples include Englandâs nationalist awakening during the reign of King Henry VII, the French Revolution driven by dissatisfaction with the monarchy, and anti-colonial movements in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
What is Benedict Andersonâs view on the origin of nations?
-Benedict Anderson believed that nations originate from people's imagination of a sovereign political community, a powerful concept that can unite individuals who may not personally know each other.
According to the script, how does nationalism influence global conflicts?
-Nationalism can lead to conflicts between nations, with countries killing, attacking, and fighting each other, as seen in Yugoslavia and Sudan. It can also lead to separatist movements within nations, as groups demand sovereignty.
What role does colonialism play in the rise of nationalism, particularly in Southeast Asia?
-The script explains that colonialism planted the seeds of nationalism in Southeast Asia, where new forms of governance and identity were introduced, sparking nationalist movements in countries previously unfamiliar with these ideas.
What does the script say about the future of nationalism according to Marxism and Liberalism?
-According to Marxism and Liberalism, the script mentions that the state will eventually lose its role as the world becomes more global, and nationalism will die out. However, the reality seems to contradict this, as nationalism is still growing.
How does the script contrast the sense of national identity between different groups of people?
-The script contrasts groups that look alike and share a common culture but donât consider themselves part of the same nation with those who seem to come from different continents but share a sense of identity and nationality.
How has nationalism served as a political tool, according to the script?
-The script highlights that nationalism remains a powerful political commodity for those seeking to rule, citing rhetoric from leaders like Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, and Shinzo Abe as examples of how nationalism is used in modern politics.
What caution does the script offer about nationalism?
-The script cautions that while nationalism can unite previously separated groups, it can also lead to division and conflict if not handled carefully. It highlights the dual nature of nationalism in uniting and separating people.
Outlines
đšâđ©âđ§âđŠ National Identity and Its Contradictions
This paragraph begins by discussing how people who share physical similarities, culture, language, and ancestry often consider themselves part of the same nation or family. However, despite these commonalities, some groups reject a shared identity and nationality, while others who seem more disparate, due to coming from different continents, accept a unified identity. It highlights nationalist movements that either unite or divide groups based on their differences. The text explores nationalismâs dual role in fostering unity while simultaneously causing divisions, with examples of conflicts such as Yugoslavia and Sudan. Nationalism, despite predictions of its decline due to globalization (as per Marxism and Liberalism), remains strong, evidenced by political figures like Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, and Shinzo Abe using nationalist rhetoric.
đ The Concept of Nationalism and Nationhood
This paragraph defines nationalism as an ideological movement that advocates for the unity, power, and sovereignty of a group of people who see themselves as a single nation. The 'nation' is described as a community bound by shared history, norms, and legal structures within a specific territory. The paragraph contrasts ethno-nationalism, which is based on racial or cultural similarities, with civic nationalism, which is centered on shared values. The creation of a sovereign state is seen as essential to achieving nationalist goals. Benedict Andersonâs theory of nations as 'imagined communities' is introduced, emphasizing how people who donât know each other can still feel united under the same national identity. Historical examples, such as ancient Egypt and Israel, showcase early forms of nationalist sentiment, often tied to religious or divine authority. The modern nationalist movement is identified as a relatively recent phenomenon, emerging in 16th-century Europe, with England being a pioneer by establishing its national identity through rejecting the authority of the Roman Catholic Church.
đ«đ· Nationalismâs Spread and Revolutionary Impact
The third paragraph delves into the spread of nationalism in Europe, starting with France. It describes how dissatisfaction among nobles and capital owners with monarchical rule led them to align with the lower classes, sparking the French Revolution and promoting the idea of a nation where all citizens are free and equal. The revolution exemplifies how nationalist movements in Europe inspired large-scale political and social change. The text shifts focus to the global repercussions of European colonialism, with nationalist movements emerging in Latin America, Asia, and Africa, where citizens sought independence from Spanish and other European powers. Anthropologist Ernest Gellnerâs view of nationalism as a political project to create nations that did not previously exist is mentioned, using Southeast Asia as an example of how colonialism inadvertently sowed the seeds of nationalism in the region.
đš The Dual Nature of Nationalism
This paragraph reflects on the positive and negative impacts of nationalism. On one hand, it has the potential to unite previously fragmented nations and peoples, promoting unity and shared identity. On the other hand, nationalism can also act as a divisive force, leading to conflict and separation if not carefully managed. The narrative concludes with a warning about the dangers of nationalism when misused, cautioning that it can separate groups just as easily as it can unite them.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄNationalism
đĄNation
đĄIdentity
đĄSovereignty
đĄAnti-colonialism
đĄEthno-nationalism
đĄCivic-nationalism
đĄColonialism
đĄGlobalization
đĄBenedict Anderson
Highlights
Nationalism unites people who look alike in appearance, share related cultures and languages, and have similar ancestors, but they may not identify as having the same nationality.
Nationalism has the power to unite those from different continents or backgrounds under a shared identity and nationality.
Within a country, nationalist sentiment can drive groups of citizens to demand sovereignty or form new states.
Nationalist movements can simultaneously unite people based on similarities and divide them based on differences.
Nationalism has led to violent conflicts between nations, as seen in Yugoslavia, Sudan, and other places.
Despite predictions from Marxism and Liberalism that nationalism would fade with globalization, nationalism is instead growing.
Nationalist rhetoric is used by contemporary leaders like Donald Trump, Xi Jinping, and Shinzo Abe.
Nationalism is the youngest and strongest ideology, focusing on the unity, power, and sovereignty of a group of people who identify as the same nation.
Nationalism can be based on racial similarity (ethno-nationalism) or loyalty to shared values (civic-nationalism).
Anthropologist Benedict Anderson describes nations as originating from the people's imagination of a sovereign political community.
Ancient civilizations grouped themselves based on loyalty to rulers, such as in ancient Egypt, or divine tasks, like the ancient kingdoms of Israel.
The rise of modern nationalism began in Europe in the 16th century, with England being the first to experience a nationalist awakening.
The dissatisfaction of French nobles and capital owners sparked the French Revolution, giving rise to a nationalist movement based on equality and freedom.
Nationalism led to the formation of independent countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa in response to European colonial control.
Anthropologist Ernest Gellner views nationalism as a political project that creates nations which didn't exist before, especially in Southeast Asia.
Transcripts
Take a look at these people.
It makes sense for them to be considered
part of one nation or the same family, doesnât it?
How could they not be?
They look alike in appearance,
have a culture and language thatâs related,
and similar ancestors.
Unfortunately, instead of getting to know each other,
they donât consider themselves
as having the same identity or nationality
Unlike them,
who although seems to have come from different continents,
in reality consider each other to have
the same identity and nationality.
Even within a country, a group of citizens
may have aspirations that differ from their own nation,
and quite often,
demand sovereignty by forming a new state
or abolishing the existing one.
Those are some manifestations of the nationalist sentiment
that can unite those who are different,
but at the same time,
separate them on the basis of difference.
It is on the basis of nationalism
that many countries in the world kill,
attack,
and fight each other
like in Yugoslavia, Sudan, and a few other places.
The nationalist sentiment also never goes out of âtrendâ
as a political commodity for those who wants to rule.
According to Marxism or Liberalism,
the state will slowly lose its role in the future,
because the world will become even more global
and nationalism itself with die out.
But reality says otherwise.
We can see now,
nationalism is instead growing amongst nations.
We can hear it in the rhetoric used by Donald Trump,
Xi Jin Ping, Shinzo Abe,
and still many others.
So what is nationalism?
And how did this relatively new ideology grow?
Nationality Identity
Anti-colonialism
Nationalism
The strongest and youngest ideology
Nationalism is an ideological movement that fights for
the unity, power, and sovereignty of a group of people
who considers themselves to be the same nation.
Nation, which becomes the object of the nationalist struggle
is a group of people who identifies themselves
as an exclusive group
where each member embraces the same
understanding, norms, and history,
lives in a permanent territory, and
upholds a similar legal structure and public culture.
Throughout history, nationalist movements can use
the narrative of racial similarity, or ethno-nationalism,
there are also those who refer to a nation
which has loyalty and solidarity towards certain values,
or civic-nationalism.
The most effective way to achieve
the goal and dreams of every nation
is to form a sovereign, authoritative organization
whose membership is exclusive to a certain nation,
which is the state.
According to an anthropologist named Benedict Anderson,
all nations originates from the peopleâs imagination
of a sovereign political community.
This imagination can become so strong
that it ties people who may not even know each other together.
This imagination has existed even before the modern nation existed,
where ancient civilizations can already group themselves with one another.
One of the most primitive forms
are groups that come together on the basis of serving the ruler,
just like in ancient Egypt.
Those rulers can be considered Godâs representative
or even God himself,
as a human incarnate.
There are also those who group themselves
based on the belief that they are
a unique group with a special task from God,
like the ancient kingdoms of Israel.
Even so, the nationalist movement is a new phenomenon
that took place in the 16th century
in Europe and was spread all over the world.
According to Liah Greenfeld,
England was the first European nation
who had a nationalist awakening
and chose to reduce the influence of the Roman Catholic Church
by naming King Henry VII
as head of the church in the 1530.
British patriotic values of not wanting to be pushed around
by other nations also appeared around this time.
After England, nationalism also flourished in France,
caused by the dissatisfaction of the nobles
under the kingâs rule.
These dissatisfied nobles and owners of capital
became even more empathic towards the lower class
who were originally never involved in French politics.
They moved the masses to stage a huge revolution
by giving birth to the idea of a France
where all its citizens are free and equal.
Nationalist unrest became unstoppable in Europe.
On the other side of the world,
the citizenâs dissatisfaction because of the
Spanish and other European nationsâ control,
gave birth to many independent countries
in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
An anthropologist named Ernest Gilner
claimed that nationalism is no more than a political project
to create nations which didnât exist before.
We can see its examples from nations in SouthEast Asia.
Before the colonial period,
no one knew of the governmental system
as we know now.
It is precisely due to colonialism
that the seeds of nationalism
is planted in SouthEast Asian countries.
Nationalism does have good effects,
it unites previously separated nations.
But if we are not careful,
nationalism can also separate us.
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