Teori Belajar Edward Lee Thorndike
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia explains Edward Lee Thorndike's learning theory, which is based on the stimulus-response model. Thorndike, an American functionalist who developed the Russian version of behaviorism, proposed that learning occurs through trial and error. His theory includes three main laws: the Law of Exercise, stating that stimulus-response connections strengthen with use; the Law of Effect, suggesting that satisfying behaviors are repeated, while unsatisfying ones are not; and the Law of Readiness, which discusses an individual's preparedness to act and the resulting satisfaction or frustration. The video also covers how these laws apply to everyday life and education.
Takeaways
- đ Edward Lee Thorndike was a functionalist who shaped the Russian version of behaviorism in America.
- đŸ Thorndike conducted research on animal behavior, including cats, dogs, and birds, reflecting the basic principles of learning.
- đ The foundation of learning, according to Thorndike, is association where a stimulus elicits a specific response.
- đ Thorndike's theory is known as the stimulus-response theory, emphasizing learning through trial and error.
- đ Trial and error involves individuals trying out various behaviors to solve a problem.
- đïžââïž The Law of Exercise states that the connection between stimulus and response strengthens with frequent use.
- đ The Law of Disuse indicates that the connection weakens if not practiced.
- đ The Law of Effect suggests that actions leading to satisfaction are likely to be repeated, while those causing dissatisfaction are not.
- đ In education, the Law of Effect is applied through rewards and punishments to encourage or discourage behaviors.
- đĄ The Law of Readiness explains how an individual's readiness to act influences their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the action.
- đ Thorndike's theory emphasizes that learning involves trial and error until the correct response is found.
Q & A
Who was Edward Lee Thorndike?
-Edward Lee Thorndike was technically a functionalist who contributed to the development of American behaviorism. He lived and taught in Columbia until his retirement in 1940 and is known for his research on animal intelligence.
What is the main principle of Thorndike's theory of learning?
-The main principle of Thorndike's theory of learning is the concept of 'stimulus-response.' This theory suggests that learning is based on associations, where a specific stimulus leads to a particular response.
What does the 'trial and error' method mean in Thorndike's theory?
-In Thorndike's theory, the 'trial and error' method means that when someone is faced with a problem, they try out various behaviors or actions until they find the one that solves the problem. It emphasizes learning through repeated attempts and making mistakes.
What are the three main laws in Thorndike's theory?
-The three main laws in Thorndike's theory are the Law of Exercise, the Law of Effect, and the Law of Readiness.
What is the 'Law of Exercise' in Thorndike's theory?
-The 'Law of Exercise' states that the connection between a stimulus and a response becomes stronger with frequent practice (repetition) and weaker if not practiced. This highlights the importance of repetition in learning.
How does the 'Law of Effect' influence learning?
-The 'Law of Effect' suggests that actions resulting in satisfaction are likely to be repeated, while actions leading to dissatisfaction are less likely to be repeated. It means that positive outcomes reinforce behavior, while negative outcomes discourage it.
How is the 'Law of Readiness' defined in Thorndike's theory?
-The 'Law of Readiness' explains that an individual must be ready or prepared to act. If someone is ready and can act, they will experience satisfaction. If they are not ready but forced to act, it leads to dissatisfaction.
Can you provide an example of the 'Law of Effect' in everyday life?
-An example of the 'Law of Effect' is when a student receives a reward for scoring well in mathematics, they feel satisfied and are motivated to study more to achieve similar rewards in the future. Conversely, if they are punished for a poor score, they may avoid the subject.
How can Thorndike's theory be applied to educational practices?
-Thorndike's theory can be applied to education through the use of rewards and punishments. For example, giving students praise or rewards for good performance encourages them to repeat the behavior, while appropriate consequences for mistakes can discourage negative behavior.
What is the significance of 'trial and error' in Thorndike's learning theory?
-'Trial and error' is significant in Thorndike's theory as it represents the process through which individuals learn by experimenting with different responses until they find the correct one. It emphasizes learning through experience and gradual improvement.
Outlines
đ Introduction to Edward Lee Thorndike's Learning Theory
Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia introduces Edward Lee Thorndike, an American functionalist who adapted Russian behaviorism. He lived and taught at Colombia until his retirement in 1940. Thorndike published 'Animal Intelligence' and other works, which focused on the behavior of animals like cats, dogs, and birds. His research reflected the foundational principles of learning, emphasizing the association between stimulus and response. Thorndike's theory, known as the stimulus-response theory, suggests that learning occurs through trial and error. This process involves individuals generating behaviors to solve problems, with the conclusion that behaviors are tested one by one to address issues. Thorndike's three fundamental laws of learning are highlighted: the Law of Exercise, stating that the connection between stimulus and response strengthens with use; the Law of Effect, indicating that behaviors leading to satisfaction are repeated, while those causing dissatisfaction are not; and the application of these laws in education through rewards and punishments.
đ The Law of Readiness in Thorndike's Learning Theory
The third law discussed by Fenina Ayu, Putri Amalia is the Law of Readiness, which explains an individual's preparedness to act in certain situations. This law is illustrated through three scenarios: when an organism is ready to act and can fulfill that readiness, resulting in satisfaction; when an organism is ready but cannot act, leading to frustration; and when an organism is not ready but is forced to act, causing dissatisfaction and potentially a reluctance to learn. The explanation emphasizes the importance of readiness in the learning process and how it can lead to either satisfaction or a lack of motivation to learn. The summary also touches on the characteristics of trial-and-error learning, highlighting the role of motivation in driving responses and the elimination of unsuitable behaviors until the most appropriate response is found.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄEdward Lee Thorndike
đĄBehaviorism
đĄStimulus-Response Theory
đĄTrial and Error
đĄLaw of Exercise
đĄLaw of Effect
đĄReadiness Law
đĄMotivation
đĄReinforcement
đĄPunishment
đĄAssociation
Highlights
Introduction to Edward Lee Thorndike's learning theory
Thorndike was a functionalist and shaped the Russian behaviorism in America
Thorndike published 'Animal Intelligence' and other works
Learning is based on associations between stimuli and responses
The learning process involves trial and error
Three fundamental laws in Thorndike's theory
The Law of Exercise: Frequent use strengthens stimulus-response connections
The Law of Exercise: Lack of practice weakens connections
The Law of Effect: Satisfying actions are repeated
The Law of Effect: Unsatisfying actions are not repeated
Application of the Law of Effect in education through rewards and punishments
The Law of Readiness: Individuals are prepared to act in certain conditions
The Law of Readiness: Preparedness leads to satisfaction
The Law of Readiness: Lack of preparedness leads to dissatisfaction
The Law of Readiness: Forced actions without readiness lead to unsatisfactory outcomes
Characteristics of trial-and-error learning
Motivation drives individuals to respond to meet their needs
Inappropriate responses to motives are eliminated over time
Individuals eventually find the most suitable response
Invitation for questions after the explanation of Thorndike's theory
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh Hai guys saya fenina Ayu
Putri Amalia Disini saya akan
menjelaskan tentang teori belajar Edward
Lee thorndike Edward Lee thorndike
secara teknis adalah seorang
fungsionalis namun ia telah membentuk
tahapan behaviorisme Rusia dalam versi
Amerika beliau tinggal dan mengajar di
Kolombia sampai pensiun pada tahun 1940
dan beliau menerbitkan suatu buku yang
berjudul animal intelijen dan lain lain
buku ini yang merupakan hasil penelitian
ton baik terhadap tingkah laku beberapa
jenis hewan seperti kucing anjing dan
burung yang mencerminkan prinsip dasar
dari proses belajar yang dianut oleh
thorndike yaitu
Hai bahwa dasar dari belajar tidak lain
sebenarnya adalah asosiasi dimana suatu
stimulus akan menimbulkan suatu respon
tertentu
Hai Teori ini disebut dengan teori
stimulus-respon dalam teori
stimulus-respon dikatakan bahwa dalam
proses belajar seseorang akan belajar
dengan cara coba salah atau bisa disebut
dengan trail n error cara coba salah
bisa diartikan sebagai seseorang berada
dalam suatu situasi yang memiliki
masalah maka orang itu akan mengeluarkan
beberapa perilaku atau tingkah laku
untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut jadi
disimpulkan bahwa ketika seseorang
memiliki masalah dia akan mengeluarkan
beberapa perilaku atau tingkah laku
mencoba satu demi satu untuk memecahkan
masalah tersebut
Hai Adapun tiga hukum pokok dalam teori
thorndike yang pertama adalah hukum
latihan hukum Ini mengandung dua hal
yaitu 1 the low of yaitu hukum yang
menyatakan bahwa hubungan atau koneksi
antara stimulus dan respon akan menjadi
kuat bila sering digunakan yang kedua
The Law of dishes yaitu suatu hukum yang
menyatakan bahwa hubungan atau koneksi
antara stimulus dan respon akan menjadi
lemah bila tidak ada latihan dari kedua
hukum tersebut
ini menunjukkan bahwa ulangan merupakan
hak yang pertama dalam belajarnya Makin
sering suatu pelajaran yang diulang
makin mantaplah bahan pelajaran tersebut
dalam diri kita dan begitu sebaliknya
ketika kita tidak sering atau tidak
pernah mengulangi suatu pelajaran itu
maka semakin lemah ingatan kita tentang
pelajaran tersebut yang kedua hukum
akibat hukum ini juga berisikan dua hal
yang pertama suatu tindakan atau
perbuatan yang menghasilkan rasa puas
akan cenderung diulang sedangkan
Hai dan sebaliknya jika suatu tindakan
menghasilkan rasa tidak puas akan
cenderung tidak akan Diulangi bisa saya
contohkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari
yang ketika kita disuruh berbicara
bahasa Inggris
hai ketika kita bisa bahasa Inggris maka
kita akan lantang untuk berbicara karena
kita merasa puas akan hal tersebut maka
kita akan mengulangi hal tersebut
berulang-ulang tetapi begitu sebaliknya
jika kita tidak bisa berbicara bahasa
Inggris disitulah akan timbul rasa tidak
puas dan akan cenderung tidak kita
ulangi yang kedua dalam pendidikan hukum
ini diaplikasikan dalam bentuk hadiah
dan hukuman hadiah menyebabkan orang
cenderung ingin melakukan lagi perbuatan
yang menghasilkan hadiah tetapi hukuman
cenderung menyebabkan seorang
menghentikan perbuatan tersebut
contohnya adalah ketika kita mendapatkan
nilai Matematika bagus dan kita
mendapatkan Gift dari orang tua kita
maka cenderung kita
ia mengulanginya dan menghasilkan
hadiah-hadiah berikutnya tetapi
sedangkan ketika nilai Matematika Kita
jelek dan mendapatkan hukuman dari
orangtua kita cenderung akan
menghentikan perbuatan atau tidak
mengulangi perbuatan tersebut dan tidak
ingin belajar matematika lagi ya Yang
ketiga adalah hukum kesiapan hukum ini
menjelaskan tentang kesiapan individu
Dalam melakukan sesuatu pada tiga
keadaan yang menunjukkan berlakunya
hukum ini yang pertama bila pada
organisme adanya kesiapan untuk
bertindak atau berperilaku dan bila
organisme itu dapat melakukan kesiapan
tersebut maka organisme akan mengalami
kepuasan maksudnya jika kita mempunyai
kesiapan untuk belajar maka kedepannya
kita akan mengalami kepuasan
Hai tersendiri yang kedua bila pada
organisme ada kesiapan organisme untuk
bertindak atau berperilaku dan organisme
tersebut tidak dapat melaksanakan
kesiapan tersebut maka organisme akan
mengalami kekecewaan Hahaha maksudnya
jika organisme itu tidak ada kesiapan
untuk belajar maka kedepannya belajar
itu akan mengalami ketidakpuasan
Hai dan jatuhnya akan malas belajar yang
ketiga bila pada organisme tidak ada
persiapan untuk bertindak dan organisme
itu dipaksa untuk melakukannya maka hal
tersebut akan menimbulkan keadaan yang
tidak memuaskan contohnya sama seperti
yang kedua namun di sini kita pakai
dipaksa untuk belajar jadi tidak akan
menghasilkan kepuasan tersendiri justru
akan menghasilkan malas belajar dari
penjelasan yang sudah saya jelaskan tadi
Hai dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam teori
tonight belajar dapat dilakukan dengan
mencoba-coba mencoba-coba ini dapat
dilakukan manakala seseorang tidak tahu
bagaimana harus memberikan respon Adapun
karakteristik belajar secara
mencoba-coba
Hai Yang Pertama adanya motif pada diri
seseorang yang mendorong untuk melakukan
sesuatu dan seseorang berusaha melakukan
berbagai macam respon dalam rangka
memenuhi motif-motif nya respon-respon
yang dirasakan tidak sesuai dengan
motifnya akan dihilangkan akhirnya
seseorang mendapatkan jenis Respon yang
paling tepat Oke terima kasih guys
setelah menonton penjelasan tentang
teori belajar tonight kalau ada
pertanyaan tinggal
hai eh tulis pertanyaan di bawah ya
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)