Organic Compounds | Grade 9 Science Quarter 2 WEEK 6 | DepEd MELC-based
Summary
TLDRIn this week's Grade 9 science lesson, students explore organic compounds, learning to distinguish between organic and inorganic substances. The video delves into the significance of organic compounds in living organisms, highlighting their role in various life cycles on Earth. It introduces the four main classes of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, explaining their structures, functions, and examples. The lesson aims to enhance understanding of chemistry's relevance to biology and everyday life.
Takeaways
- 📚 This week's lesson focuses on understanding organic compounds, their differentiation from inorganic compounds, and their significance in science.
- 🔍 Students will learn to identify organic and inorganic compounds and understand their general classes and uses.
- 🍎 Organic foods, as discussed, are those raised without antibiotics or pesticides, contrasting with the chemical definition of organic compounds which contain carbon.
- 🌿 Organic compounds are carbon-based and often include elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus, unlike inorganic compounds which mostly lack carbon.
- 🍬 Examples of organic compounds include glucose, alcohol, and various food items like sugar, fats, and starches.
- 🧬 Organic chemistry studies these compounds, which are the foundation of life and have been known since prehistoric times but were formally named in the 18th century.
- 🍠 Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main types of organic compounds found in living organisms.
- 🌾 Carbohydrates serve as a primary energy source and are found in foods like potatoes and grains, with glucose being a key example.
- 🥑 Lipids, which include fats and oils, store energy, form cell membranes, and act as signal molecules, with a hydrogen to oxygen ratio greater than 2:1.
- 💪 Proteins, containing nitrogen and composed of amino acids, form structures like hair and muscles, and also function in immunity and cell communication.
- 🧬 Nucleic acids, with the addition of phosphorus, include DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information and direct protein synthesis.
Q & A
What is the main focus of the week 6 lesson in the Grade 9 Science Quarter 2?
-The main focus of the week 6 lesson is on organic compounds, where students will learn to identify and differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds.
What are the learning objectives for the lesson on organic compounds?
-By the end of the lesson, students will be able to identify and differentiate organic and inorganic compounds, recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds, and understand the importance of organic compounds.
How does the video introduce the concept of organic compounds?
-The video introduces the concept of organic compounds through a short activity where students are asked to sort organic items from a grocery store into a basket.
What is the difference between organic and inorganic compounds in chemistry?
-In chemistry, organic compounds are those that contain carbon and are usually bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen. In contrast, inorganic compounds mostly do not contain carbon atoms.
What are some examples of organic compounds mentioned in the video?
-Examples of organic compounds mentioned in the video include glucose, alcohol, and fats, which are used in food, sanitization, and energy storage respectively.
What are the four main types or classes of organic compounds found in living organisms?
-The four main types or classes of organic compounds found in living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the chemical formula for glucose, and what elements does it consist of?
-The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, and it consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
How are carbohydrates used in organisms?
-Carbohydrates are used as the main energy source, help make up cell structures, and are stored as energy in plants and animals.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
-Saturated fatty acids have single bonds only, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Unsaturated fats are generally considered healthier and are liquid at room temperature, unlike saturated fats which are solid.
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids, and what elements do they contain?
-The building blocks of nucleic acids are called nucleotides, which are composed of a phosphate group, a sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
What are the two types of nucleic acids and their respective sugar components?
-The two types of nucleic acids are RNA (ribonucleic acid) which uses ribose as its sugar, and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which uses deoxyribose.
Outlines
🌿 Introduction to Organic Compounds
The video begins by welcoming students to a lesson on organic compounds, part of the Grade 9 Science curriculum. The instructor sets the stage for the week's topic, explaining that by the end of the lesson, students will be able to distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds, recognize their classes and uses, and understand their significance. The lesson kicks off with a sorting activity involving grocery items, highlighting organic foods and their chemical definition, which includes carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The instructor contrasts organic compounds with inorganic ones, using water, table salt, and carbon dioxide as examples to illustrate the difference. The historical context of organic compounds is briefly touched upon, mentioning their study since the 18th century and the term's origin in 1807. The video then segues into an exploration of the four main types of organic compounds found in living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
🍬 Carbohydrates: Energy and Structure
The second paragraph delves into carbohydrates, defining them as organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The instructor provides glucose as an example, detailing its chemical formula and the typical hydrogen to oxygen ratio of 2:1 in carbohydrates. The uses of carbohydrates are explored, emphasizing their role as a primary energy source in organisms, their contribution to cell structures, and their function as stored energy in plants. The classification of carbohydrates is also discussed, distinguishing between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, with examples like glucose, maltose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, and cellulose. The paragraph concludes with a brief mention of lipids, setting the stage for the next section.
🥑 Lipids: Energy Storage and Cell Membranes
Lipids are the focus of the third paragraph, described as organic compounds with a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio compared to carbohydrates. The paragraph outlines the various functions of lipids, including energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and as signal molecules for cell communication. The instructor explains the three major groups of lipids: triglycerides (fats, oils, and waxes), steroids, and phospholipids. A distinction is made between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with a health note on the preference for unsaturated fats. The paragraph provides a comprehensive overview of lipids' roles and types, preparing students for the next topic.
💪 Proteins: Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are introduced as essential organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The paragraph explains that proteins are made up of amino acids forming chains called peptides, which can be single or part of complex structures. The paragraph highlights proteins' multifaceted roles in cells, including forming cellular structures like hair, regulating substance transport, and contributing to immunity through antibodies. Specific examples of proteins such as hemoglobin, collagen, insulin, keratin, myoglobin, and fibrin are mentioned to illustrate their diverse functions in the body.
🧬 Nucleic Acids: Genetic Information Carriers
The final paragraph introduces nucleic acids, detailing their composition which includes carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The building blocks of nucleic acids, nucleotides, are explained, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The paragraph distinguishes between the two types of nucleic acids: RNA, which is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis, and DNA, which has a double-stranded helix structure and carries genetic information. The functions of DNA and RNA in cellular processes are outlined, emphasizing their importance in reproduction and growth. The video concludes with a summary of the importance of organic compounds in living organisms and their role in Earth's cycles, encouraging students to engage with the content through comments and subscriptions.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Organic Compounds
💡Inorganic Compounds
💡Carbohydrates
💡Lipids
💡Proteins
💡Nucleic Acids
💡Monosaccharides
💡Disaccharides
💡Polysaccharides
💡Saturated Fats
💡Unsaturated Fats
Highlights
Introduction to week 6 of grade 9 science quarter 2 lesson focusing on organic compounds.
Learning objectives include identifying organic and inorganic compounds, recognizing their classes and uses, and understanding their importance.
Organic foods in agriculture are defined as those raised without antibiotics or pesticides and fertilizers.
In chemistry, organic compounds contain carbon and are often bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus.
Compounds are classified into organic, which contain carbon, and inorganic, which mostly do not contain carbon.
Examples of organic compounds include glucose, alcohol, and various substances used in daily life.
Inorganic compounds such as water, table salt, and carbon dioxide are essential but do not contain both carbon and hydrogen.
Organic compounds are associated with living organisms and form the basis for life, studied in organic and biochemistry.
The study of organic compounds began practically in the 18th century, with the term coined by Jans Jacob Berzelius in 1807.
There are four main types of organic compounds in living organisms: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with a hydrogen to oxygen ratio of 2:1.
Carbohydrates serve as the primary energy source for humans and are also used for cell structures and stored energy in plants.
Lipids, which include fats, oils, and waxes, are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a higher hydrogen to oxygen ratio.
Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, forming chains of amino acids called peptides.
Proteins have various functions in cells, including cellular structures, control of substances, and immunity through antibodies.
Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
DNA carries genetic information and has a double-stranded helix structure, while RNA is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis.
Organic compounds are crucial as they are the basic components of life cycles that drive the Earth.
Transcripts
good day students welcome back to my
string techie youtube channel
be glad because we are now in the week 6
of grade 9 science quarter 2 lesson
this week's topic is all about
organic compounds check out our learning
objectives
at the end of this video lesson you will
be able to identify and differentiate
organic and inorganic compounds
recognize the general classes and uses
of organic compounds and give the
importance of organic compounds
so what are you waiting for keep on
watching
[Music]
let us have a very short activity
maestro techie bought some items from a
grocery store
please help her to sort all the organic
items and put it inside the basket
which of the following are organic
we have
carrots
that's right
we also have
eggs
what else
bananas that is right
corns and
we have fresh milk
that is right class you did great
in agriculture
we describe organic foods that are
raised under specific conditions such as
no antibiotics or no pesticides and
fertilizers were used
in chemistry
the term organic describes chemical
compounds that contain carbon and other
elements such as hydrogen oxygen
nitrogen sulfur or phosphorus
if we are going to recall when two or
more elements are combined together it
is called compounds
compounds can be classified into two
main groups
organic compounds that contain carbon
and usually bonded to hydrogen oxygen
sulfor nitrogen and phosphorus and the
second one is the inorganic compounds
while most of it do not contain carbon
atom in them
let us take a look at the examples of
organic compounds we have glucose or
sugar that we use in our food
alcohol that we use especially nowadays
in the midst of pandemic let's make it a
habit to sanitize our hands and so to
wash our hands to prevent viruses in
entering our body
all of this contain carbon on the other
hand we have inorganic compounds
examples
water or h2o our bodies are composed of
mostly water and it is necessary for us
to survive
however water is an example of inorganic
compounds because it does not contain
both carbon and hydrogen and it was not
formed by a living organism
next example is table salt or sodium
chloride that we usually see in our
kitchen
another one is carbon dioxide
even though it has a carbon atom it is
considered inorganic compound because it
does not contain both carbon and
hydrogen
a while ago we knew that organic
compounds are called organic because
they are associated with living
organisms this molecules form the basis
for life and are studied in great detail
in the chemistry disciplines of organic
chemistry and biochemistry most of the
food stops that we consume every day
such as sugar fats
starch
vinegar and etc are basically organic
compounds
even though the organic compounds have
been known to man since prehistoric
times their study practically began from
the 18th century the term organic
compound was coined by
jans jacob brazalius in the year 1807
[Music]
there are four main types or classes of
organic compounds found in all living
organisms these are carbohydrates
lipids
proteins and nucleic acids
in addition there are other organic
compounds that may be found in or
produced by some organisms all organic
compounds contain carbon usually bonded
to hydrogen
let's take a closer look at the key
types of organic compounds and see
examples of these important molecules
let us explore more about these
compounds let us start with the most
familiar one which is carbohydrates
carbohydrates are organic compounds made
up of elements such as carbon
hydrogen and oxygen
one example of carbohydrates is glucose
or blood sugar and its chemical formula
is
c6h12o6
as you can see it only has carbon
hydrogen and oxygen another thing that
you can notice if you will look at the
chemical formula the ratio of hydrogen
to oxygen is 12 is to 6. simplifying it
the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen
atoms in carbohydrate molecules is 2 is
to 1. now let us have the uses of
carbohydrates in organisms
carbohydrates is used as the main or
primary energy source especially in
humans
also it can make up cell structures in
addition they are also used as stored
energy in plants from lots of vegetables
that we eat we are actually eating their
stored energy in the form of starch like
potatoes and grains carbohydrates are
classified according to how many
subunits they contain simple
carbohydrates are called sugar a sugar
made of one unit is called
monosaccharide our example a while ago
which is glucose or blood sugar is a
monosaccharide another one is fructose
have you heard of it before
it is from fruits double the
monosaccharide we have disaccharide
where two units are joined together
examples are maltose and sucrose
lastly
we have polysaccharide from the word
itself bali it means two or more
examples are starch that is the stored
energy in plants
glycogen is a human or animals preserve
stored in our liver and muscles and
cellulose that makes up cell wall in
plants
that is all for carbohydrates next is
lipids
lipids are also made up of
carbon
hydrogen and oxygen
just like carbohydrates their difference
is when you look at the ratio of
hydrogen to oxygen it is greater than 2
is to 1. the uses of lipids include
storing energy
and acting as structural components of
cell membranes that helps it become
flexible in fluid-like also it serves as
signal molecules to help cells
communicate with each other and another
one is the coating on the lips which is
called cuticle that makes them
waterproof and protects them from
elements
the three major groups of lipids are
triglycerides
it includes fats oil and wax
second is steroids and phospholipids
let's take a quick look at fatty acids
fatty acids can be either saturated or
unsaturated
a fatty acid that has a single band only
is called saturated fatty acid
and saturated fatty acids has one or
more double bonds as shown in your
screen right now in most human health
situations the consumption of
unsaturated fats is preferred to the
consumption of saturated fats saturated
fats are solid at room temperature
and are bought for you while unsaturated
fats are liquid at room temperature and
are better for you
now let us proceed to our third and that
is
proteins
when we hear proteins many people think
of muscles
but there are other things that proteins
make in our body besides muscles
proteins consist of
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen and the new element added is
nitrogen proteins consist of chains of
amino acids called peptides
a protein may be made from a single
polypeptide chain or may have a more
complex structure where polypeptide
subunits pack together to form a unit
remember some proteins contain other
atoms such as sulfur phosphorus iron
copper and magnesium proteins serve many
functions in cells the uses of proteins
in our body is
first cellular structures one of the
cellular structures out of the many is
our hair
next control substances in and out of
the cell proteins are useful for
receptors and transport channels and
lastly is for our immunity it can help
us fight diseases with antibodies that
are made of proteins now let us take a
look of the different examples of
proteins
we have
hemoglobin in our blood
collagen
and insulin
[Music]
we also have keratin myoglobin and
fibrin
now let us proceed to the last type of
organic compound that we are going to
discuss and that is nucleic acids
this may be a new word that some of you
haven't ever heard before but i'm sure
you'll recognize them after we discuss
this
the elements found in nucleic acids are
of course carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen just like protein and now we
have a new one that is p for phosphorus
the phosphorus comes in because the
building blocks of nucleic acids are
called
nucleotides
nucleotides are composed of e which is
our
phosphate group
attached to a sugar which varies
depending on what type of nucleic acid
you're using and then we have
nitrogenous or nitrogen base and there
are five different bases that can be
used
nucleic acids are the molecules in our
cells that direct and store information
for reproduction and cellular growth
there are two types of nucleic acids
the first one is rna which stands for
ribonucleic acid
the ribo stands for the type of sugar
that is used which in this case is
called
ribose
rna has only
one single strand as shown in your
screen right now
the second type of nucleic acids
is
dna which stands for the oxy ribonucleic
acid can you repeat after me class the
oxy
ribo nucleic acid
the deoxyribo is for the sugar that's
used and in this case it is the
deoxyribose
in dna instead of having one strand of
nucleotides it's actually a mirror image
almost on the opposite side and it is
called the double stranded helix which
it twists on itself
the dna carries the genetic information
for the cells
sections of a dna molecule called genes
contain the information to make a
protein
dna serves two main functions
molecules of dna can produce other dna
molecules and rna molecules
rna molecules are directly responsible
for synthesis of proteins
and that is all for the four types of
organic compounds
for our conclusion
organic compounds are important because
all living organisms contain carbon
they are the basic components of many of
the cycles that drive the earth
and that is it for our lesson this week
i hope this brings enlightenment in our
topic organic compounds please don't be
shy to comment down your questions and
if this video helped you do not forget
to click the like share and subscribe
button and to keep you updated for
future videos please turn on the bell
button thank you so much for watching
and see you on my next one bye
[Music]
you
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