Практична робота 2. Дослідження хімічних властивостей основних класів неорганічних сполук

Summary

This chemistry lesson for eighth-grade students focuses on practical experiments exploring the properties of inorganic compounds. The students conduct experiments involving reactions between acids and metals, such as copper and zinc, and investigate amphoteric oxides like lead(II) oxide. They explore the formation of insoluble bases, the interaction of acids with both soluble and insoluble bases, and the decomposition of these compounds upon heating. The lesson concludes with an overview of acid-base interactions and a reflection on the chemical properties of various inorganic compounds, encouraging students to deepen their understanding of chemistry.

Takeaways

• 😀 Students will perform a practical experiment to explore the chemical properties of inorganic compounds.
• 😀 The first experiment involves observing the reaction between acids and metals, specifically copper and zinc, with hydrochloric acid.
• 😀 In the second experiment, students investigate the properties of amphoteric oxides, like lead(II) oxide, which reacts with both acids and bases.
• 😀 The third experiment focuses on the formation of an insoluble base, copper(II) hydroxide, when copper(II) sulfate reacts with sodium hydroxide.
• 😀 In experiment 4, students observe the reaction between acids and bases, noting how copper(II) hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form copper chloride.
• 😀 The fifth experiment demonstrates the thermal decomposition of copper(II) hydroxide into copper(II) oxide and water when heated.
• 😀 Experiment 6 involves the interaction of acids with salts, specifically sodium carbonate, which reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide, water, and sodium chloride.
• 😀 Throughout the experiments, students are encouraged to write observations and formulate the chemical equations for each reaction.
• 😀 The practical work is designed to deepen students' understanding of the basic chemical properties of inorganic compounds and their reactions in different conditions.
• 😀 The lesson concludes with a review of the key reactions observed in the experiments, helping students solidify their learning in chemistry.

Q & A

What is the objective of the practical work in this chemistry lesson?

The objective of the practical work is to investigate the chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds.

In the first experiment, what is the interaction being studied?

The first experiment studies the interaction between acids and metals, specifically the reaction of copper and zinc with hydrochloric acid.

What happens when copper is placed in hydrochloric acid during the experiment?

No observable reaction occurs when copper is placed in hydrochloric acid, indicating that copper is less reactive in this context.

What happens when zinc is placed in hydrochloric acid during the first experiment?

When zinc is placed in hydrochloric acid, it reacts, producing hydrogen gas and forming zinc chloride, indicating that zinc is more reactive than copper.

What is the second experiment about?

The second experiment investigates the chemical properties of amphoteric oxides, specifically lead(II) oxide, and how it reacts with both acids and bases.

What occurs when lead(II) oxide is mixed with hydrochloric acid in the second experiment?

When lead(II) oxide is mixed with hydrochloric acid and heated, lead chloride forms as a precipitate, indicating the amphoteric nature of lead oxide.

What happens when lead(II) oxide is mixed with a base in the second experiment?

When lead(II) oxide is mixed with a base like sodium hydroxide and heated, lead hydroxide forms, demonstrating the amphoteric properties of the oxide.

In the third experiment, how is copper(II) hydroxide obtained?

Copper(II) hydroxide is obtained by adding sodium hydroxide to a solution of copper(II) sulfate, forming a blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide.

What happens when copper(II) hydroxide is mixed with hydrochloric acid in the fourth experiment?

When copper(II) hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, copper(II) chloride dissolves, indicating an acid-base reaction.

What is observed in the experiment involving sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?

When sodium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide gas is produced, and a salt (sodium chloride) is formed, demonstrating an acid-carbonate reaction.

What is the general conclusion of the practical work?

The practical work demonstrates various chemical reactions involving acids, bases, amphoteric oxides, and salts, helping students understand the diverse properties of inorganic compounds.