KONSEP DASAR SEJARAH: PENGERTIAN SEJARAH; KONSEP MANUSIA, RUANG, DAN WAKTU; DIAKRONIK DAN SINKRONIK

Summary

This educational video explains the basic concepts of history, including its definition, the role of humans, space, and time, as well as diacronic and synchronic thinking. The presenter delves into the etymology of the word 'history,' tracing its origins from Arabic and Greek, and cites expert opinions. The video also covers chronological thinking, the concept of periodization, and provides examples from Indonesian history. Key distinctions between diacronic (linear time-focused) and synchronic (space-focused) analysis are highlighted to help viewers better understand historical methodology.

Takeaways

• 📜 The term 'sejarah' (history) etymologically comes from the Arabic word 'syajaratun,' meaning tree, symbolizing a family lineage or dynasty.
• 🌳 In Malay and Indonesian, 'syajaratun' evolved into 'sejarah,' meaning history. In English, history comes from the Greek word 'Historia,' meaning information or inquiry.
• 👤 According to historian Sartono Kartodirdjo, history is a scientific account of past human events and social contexts.
• 🕰️ Historian Ibnu Khaldun defines history as a record of human civilization and the changes that occur, emphasizing cause and effect.
• 📖 The Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) defines history as events or occurrences that truly happened in the past.
• 👥 Three core concepts in history: humans (actors in historical events), space (location where events occurred), and time (when events took place).
• 🔄 Diakronik thinking in history focuses on studying events over time, emphasizing chronology and vertical analysis.
• 📆 Periodization in history helps classify historical events into specific time frames for better understanding.
• 🌐 Sinkronik thinking in history examines historical phenomena in a wide spatial context but focuses on a narrow time frame, emphasizing systematic and horizontal analysis.
• 🎓 The video emphasizes that diakronik and sinkronik thinking approaches are key to understanding different aspects of historical study.

Q & A

What is the etymological origin of the word 'sejarah'?

The word 'sejarah' originates from the Arabic word 'syajaratun,' which means 'tree.' It is associated with family lineage or royal dynasties, where the structure of a family tree resembles the form of a tree.

How does the meaning of 'sejarah' in Arabic relate to its meaning in Malay and Indonesian?

In Malay, the Arabic word 'syajaratun' was adopted as 'sejarah,' and in Indonesian, it also became 'sejarah.' Both languages use the term to mean 'history,' referring to past events and the study of them.

What is the meaning of the word 'history' in English, and what is its etymology?

'History' in English comes from the Greek word 'historia,' which means 'information' or 'inquiry.' It refers to the study of past events and the process of gathering knowledge about them.

What is the definition of 'sejarah' according to Sartono Kartodirdjo?

According to Sartono Kartodirdjo, history is a depiction of the past lives of humans and their surroundings, organized scientifically and comprehensively.

What is the definition of 'sejarah' according to Ibn Khaldun?

Ibn Khaldun defines history as a record of human civilization and the processes of change that occur within it, complete with their causes and effects.

What is the definition of 'sejarah' according to the Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI)?

According to the KBBI, 'sejarah' refers to events or occurrences that truly happened in the past.

What are the three essential elements of history?

The three essential elements of history are humans (the actors of historical events), space (the location where historical events occur), and time (the period in which these events happen).

What is the meaning of 'diakronik' thinking in history?

'Diakronik' thinking comes from the Greek words 'dia' (meaning through) and 'kronos' (meaning time). It refers to a way of thinking that extends through time but is limited in space, focusing on events in chronological order.

What is 'kronologi,' and how does it relate to diakronik thinking?

'Kronologi' comes from the Greek words 'kronos' (time) and 'logos' (study). It refers to the chronological arrangement of historical events, helping to compare events that happen in different places but within the same time frame. It is closely related to diakronik thinking.

What is 'sinkronik' thinking, and how is it different from diakronik thinking?

'Sinkronik' thinking comes from the Greek words 'syn' (with) and 'kronos' (time). It refers to a way of thinking that focuses on events happening within the same time period but expands across different spaces, as opposed to diakronik thinking, which is more focused on time.