KONFIGURASI ELEKTRON MENURUT TEORI ATOM BOHR & ELEKTRON VALENSI (KIMIA SMA KELAS 10)
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the atomic structure, focusing on Niels Bohr's atomic theory and the arrangement of electrons in atomic shells. It explains the concept of electron configurations, using the formula 2n^2 to determine the maximum number of electrons in each shell. Examples are provided to illustrate how to calculate electron configurations for elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and bromine. The video also touches on valence electrons, which are crucial for understanding chemical bonding.
Takeaways
- đŹ The script discusses the Bohr model of the atom, which includes electrons orbiting the nucleus in specific shells or energy levels.
- đ Niels Bohr proposed four postulates about the atom, including the idea that electrons occupy certain shells around the nucleus.
- đ The electron configuration in an atom's shells is governed by the formula 2nÂČ, where n represents the shell number.
- đĄ The first shell (K shell) can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, calculated by 2 * 1ÂČ.
- đ The second shell (L shell) can hold up to 8 electrons, calculated by 2 * 2ÂČ.
- đ The third shell (M shell) can hold up to 18 electrons, calculated by 2 * 3ÂČ.
- đ The fourth shell (N shell) can hold up to 32 electrons, calculated by 2 * 4ÂČ, and this pattern continues for higher shells.
- đ The script provides examples of how to determine the electron configuration for elements like carbon (6 electrons), neon (10 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), and calcium (20 electrons).
- đ The valence electrons, which are the ones in the outermost shell, are crucial for chemical bonding and are identified for each element discussed.
- đ The script clarifies that if the number of electrons in the third shell is less than 8, they are all written in the third shell, but if more than 8 but less than 18, the third shell is filled with 8 electrons first, and the rest go to the next shell.
Q & A
What is the main topic discussed in the script?
-The main topic discussed in the script is the arrangement of electrons in the atomic shells according to Bohr's atomic theory.
Who proposed the theory of atomic structure that is discussed in the script?
-Niels Bohr proposed the theory of atomic structure that is discussed in the script.
What are the components of an atom according to the script?
-According to the script, an atom is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What is the term used to describe the specific paths that electrons follow around the nucleus?
-The term used to describe the specific paths that electrons follow around the nucleus is 'shells' or 'orbitals'.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first shell (K shell) according to Bohr's theory?
-According to Bohr's theory, the first shell (K shell) can have a maximum of 2 electrons.
How is the maximum number of electrons in a shell determined by Bohr's theory?
-The maximum number of electrons in a shell is determined by the formula 2n^2, where 'n' is the principal quantum number of the shell.
What is the term used to describe the distribution of electrons within an atom according to Bohr's theory?
-The term used to describe the distribution of electrons within an atom is 'electron configuration'.
How many electrons does carbon have, and what is its electron configuration according to the script?
-Carbon has 6 electrons, and its electron configuration is 2 in the first shell and 4 in the second shell, written as 2-4.
What is the electron configuration for phosphorus (P) with an atomic number of 15?
-The electron configuration for phosphorus (P) is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 5 in the third shell, written as 2-8-5.
What is the term for the electrons that are in the outermost shell of an atom?
-The term for the electrons that are in the outermost shell of an atom is 'valence electrons'.
How many valence electrons does calcium have, and what is its electron configuration?
-Calcium has 2 valence electrons, and its electron configuration is 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, 8 in the third shell, and 2 in the fourth shell, written as 2-8-8-2.
Outlines
đŹ Electron Configuration in Bohr's Atomic Theory
This paragraph delves into the electron configuration within an atom as per Bohr's atomic theory. It begins with a review of the atomic theory, discussing the particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The focus then shifts to the arrangement of electrons in the atom's shells, with Bohr's model suggesting electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells. The paragraph introduces the concept of electron configuration, which is the distribution of electrons within an atom's shells. It explains the rule that the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a shell is given by the formula 2n^2, where n is the shell's principal quantum number. The paragraph provides examples of how to calculate the electron configuration for elements like carbon (6 electrons), neon (10 electrons), phosphorus (15 electrons), and calcium (20 electrons), emphasizing the correct filling of shells and the significance of the outermost shell's electron count.
đ Valence Electrons and Their Determination
The second paragraph continues the discussion on atomic structure by focusing on valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. It explains that valence electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding. The paragraph provides a method to determine the valence electrons for the elements discussed in the previous section, such as carbon, neon, phosphorus, calcium, and bromine. For carbon, with four electrons in its outer shell, it has four valence electrons. Neon, with eight electrons in its outer shell, has eight valence electrons. Phosphorus has five valence electrons, and calcium has two, while bromine has five valence electrons. The paragraph concludes with the importance of understanding valence electrons for predicting an element's chemical behavior.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄAtom
đĄElectron
đĄProton
đĄNeutron
đĄNiels Bohr
đĄShells or Skins
đĄQuantum Numbers
đĄElectron Configuration
đĄValence Electrons
đĄAtomic Number
Highlights
Discussion on the atomic theory and the particles that make up atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Introduction to Niels Bohr's theory of electron arrangement in atomic shells.
Bohr's postulate that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific shells or energy levels.
Explanation of atomic structure with protons having positive charge and neutrons being neutral.
Electrons are distributed in shells around the nucleus, known as electron shells.
The concept of electron configuration according to Bohr's atomic theory.
The maximum number of electrons in the first shell (K shell) is calculated as 2n^2, where n=1.
For the second shell (L shell), the maximum number of electrons is 2n^2 with n=2, resulting in 8 electrons.
The third shell (M shell) can hold a maximum of 2n^2 electrons with n=3, totaling 18 electrons.
The fourth shell (N shell) can accommodate 32 electrons, calculated by 2n^2 with n=4.
Procedure to determine the electron configuration for elements like carbon with 6 electrons.
Carbon's electron configuration is 2 in the first shell and 4 in the second shell, written as 2-4.
Electron configuration for neon with 10 electrons: 2 in the first shell and 8 in the second shell, written as 2-8.
Phosphorus with 15 electrons has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 5 in the third shell, written as 2-8-5.
Calcium with 20 electrons has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, and 8 in the third, with 2 in the fourth shell, written as 2-8-8-2.
Bromine with 35 electrons has 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second, 18 in the third, and 5 in the fourth shell, written as 2-8-18-5.
Introduction to valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell.
Carbon has 4 valence electrons in its outermost shell (second shell).
Neon has 8 valence electrons in its outermost shell (second shell).
Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons in its outermost shell (third shell).
Calcium has 2 valence electrons in its outermost shell (fourth shell).
Bromine has 5 valence electrons in its outermost shell (fourth shell).
Transcripts
aku Mung nyawang
Hai pada video sebelumnya kita pernah
membahas tentang teori atom dan
partikel-partikel penyusun atom yang
terdiri dari proton neutron dan elektron
nah kali ini kita akan membahas
Bagaimana susunan elektron di dalam
kulit kulit atom menurut teori atom Bohr
kita ingat kembali bahwa Niels Bohr
mengemukakan empat postulat terkait
model atomnya yang salah satunya ia
mengatakan bahwa dalam mengelilingi inti
atom elektron berada pada kulit atau
lintasan tertentu model atomnya dapat
digambarkan seperti ini terlihat bahwa
pada inti atom terdapat Proton yang
bermuatan positif dan neutron yang tidak
bermuatan kemudian elektron beredar
mengelilingi inti pada lintasan yang
kita sebut sebagai kulit nah kulit
digambarkan sebagai
siaran Lalu bagaimana penempatan
elektron dalam kulit kulit atom Adakah
batasan terkait jumlah elektron yang
dapat menempati suatu kulit Nah untuk
menjawab pertanyaan ini kita mengenal
istilah konfigurasi elektron yang
merupakan aturan persebaran elektron di
dalam atom dalam konfigurasi elektron
menurut teori atom Bohr jumlah elektron
yang dapat menempati suatu kulit adalah
2 n kuadrat untuk kulit pertama yaitu
kulit K memiliki nilai N = 1 sehingga
jumlah maksimal elektronnya adalah dua
kali satu kuadrat hasilnya adalah Dua
elektron
Hai Kemudian untuk kulit kedua yaitu
kulit l memiliki nilai n = 2 sehingga
jumlah maksimal elektronnya adalah dua
dikali dua kuadrat nah dua kuadrat
adalah empat kemudian dikalikan dengan
dua hasilnya adalah delapan elektron Nah
untuk kulit ketiga yaitu kulit M
memiliki nilai n = 3 sehingga jumlah
maksimal elektronnya adalah dua dikali
tiga kuadrat hasilnya adalah 18 elektron
dan untuk kulit keempat yaitu kulit n
nilai un-nya adalah empat sehingga
jumlah maksimal elektronnya adalah dua
dikali 4 kuadrat hasilnya adalah 32
elektron untuk kulit kelima dan
seterusnya dilakukan dengan cara yang
sama supaya lebih paham kita coba
menentukan konfigurasi elektron dari
beberapa unsur misalnya terdapat
karbon dengan nomor atom 6 yang artinya
jumlah elektron totalnya adalah 6
elektron nah pada kulit pertama sesuai
aturan maksimal diisi oleh Dua elektron
kita Tuliskan di sini dua dan sisanya
yaitu empat elektron berada pada kulit
kedua jadi konfigurasinya adalah 24
contoh berikutnya adalah ane dengan
nomor atom 10 kulit pertama Trisi 2
elektron dan kulit berikutnya terisi 8
elektron sehingga konfigurasi
elektronnya adalah 28 selanjutnya adalah
atom P dengan nomor atom 15 kulit
pertama diisi oleh Dua elektron berarti
sisanya ada 13 elektron dan karena kulit
kedua maksimal hanya dapat menampung
delapan elektron maka 8 elektron mengisi
kulit ke
Mba dan sisanya ia itu 5 elektron berada
pada kulit ketiga sehingga konfigurasi
untuk P adalah 285 Kemudian untuk
kalsium dengan nomor atom 20 pada kulit
pertama terisi Dua elektron Kemudian
pada kulit ke-28 elektron sisanya
terdapat 10 elektron Nah apakah 10
elektron ditulis pada kulit ketiga
seperti ini nah ini merupakan penulisan
konfigurasi elektron yang tidak tepat
Jadi jika untuk kulit ketiga jumlah
elektronnya kurang dari delapan maka
dituliskan semuanya pada kulit ketiga
seperti halnya pada atom P sebelumnya
nah jika elektronnya lebih dari delapan
tapi tidak sampai 18 maka yang mengisi
kulit ke-3 adalah 8 elektron
sisanya akan mengisi kulit berikutnya
sehingga konfigurasi elektron untuk atom
kalsium adalah 2-8-8-2 contoh terakhir
adalah BR dengan nomor atom 35 kulit
pertama Trisi 2 elektron kulit kedua
terisi 8 elektron kulit ketiga 18
elektron dan kulit ke-4 terisi 5
elektron selanjutnya kita akan membahas
tentang elektron valensi nah elektron
valensi merupakan elektron yang berada
pada kulit terluar Nah kita coba untuk
menentukan elektron valensi dari
unsur-unsur yang sudah kita Tentukan
konfigurasi elektronnya untuk karbon
dari konfigurasinya terlihat bahwa kulit
terluarnya adalah kulit kedua dengan
elektron berjumlah empat sehingga
elektron valensinya adalah
Oh begitu juga dengan ane kulit
terluarnya adalah kulit kedua yang
terisi 8 elektron sehingga elektron
valensinya adalah delapan untuk P kulit
terluarnya adalah kulit ketiga dengan
elektron berjumlah lima sehingga
elektron valensinya adalah lima untuk
kalsium kulit terluarnya adalah kulit
ke-4 yang terisi Dua elektron sehingga
elektron valensinya adalah dua dan untuk
BR kulit terluarnya juga kulit ke-4 yang
terisi 5 elektron sehingga elektron
valensinya adalah
[Musik]
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