Experience with Ethernet

Summary

This session explores the advantages and disadvantages of Ethernet, the most prevalent wired LAN technology. It highlights Ethernet's cost-effectiveness, equal node privileges, simplicity in maintenance, reliability, and high data transfer quality, with modern versions like Gigabit Ethernet supporting speeds up to 10 Gbps. However, it also discusses its limitations, such as network capacity waste under heavy loads due to collisions, unsuitability for real-time applications, lack of client-server architecture, and the necessity for dummy data padding. The session concludes with an overview of various Ethernet cable categories, ranging from Category 3 to the latest Category 8, detailing their types, speeds, and whether they are shielded or unshielded.

Takeaways

• 🌐 **Ethernet Dominance**: Ethernet is the most widely used wired LAN technology.
• 💰 **Cost-Effectiveness**: Ethernet is relatively inexpensive, contributing to its popularity.
• 🔄 **Equal Privileges**: Ethernet operates without a client-server architecture, giving all nodes the same privileges.
• 🛠️ **Simple Maintenance**: Ethernet is easy to maintain and administer.
• 🔒 **Noise Resistance**: Ethernet cables are robust against noise, ensuring reliability.
• 📈 **High Data Transfer Quality**: Ethernet provides consistent, high-quality data transfer.
• 🚀 **Fast Speeds**: With advancements like Gigabit Ethernet, speeds of up to 10 Gbps and more are achievable.
• 🚨 **Collision Issues**: Ethernet can waste network capacity due to collisions under heavy loads.
• ⏱️ **Unsuitable for Real-Time**: Ethernet's lack of priority setting makes it unsuitable for real-time applications.
• 📊 **Mandatory Frame Size**: Ethernet mandates a minimum frame size, requiring padding for small data transfers.
• 🔄 **No Acknowledgments**: Ethernet does not send acknowledgments after receiving packets, which can be a disadvantage.
• 📞 **Cable Categories**: Ethernet cables are categorized into different types, such as Cat3, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, and Cat8, each with varying speeds and features.
• 🛡️ **Shielding Options**: Ethernet cables can be either shielded (STP) or unshielded (UTP), with shielded cables offering better performance against interference.

Q & A

What is the predominant wired LAN technology discussed in the session?

Ethernet is the most widely used wired LAN technology discussed in the session.

Why is Ethernet popular according to the session?

Ethernet is popular because it is relatively inexpensive, has simple maintenance and administration, and is robust to noise.

What is one of the pros of Ethernet mentioned in the session?

Ethernet is considered a pro because all nodes have the same privileges, which is suitable for networks where every node should have equal access.

What are some disadvantages of Ethernet under heavy loads?

Under heavy loads, Ethernet can waste network capacity due to collisions, which is a problem because it does not hold good for real-time applications.

Why is Ethernet not suitable for real-time applications?

Ethernet is not suitable for real-time applications because it does not support setting priority for packets, which is necessary for ensuring timely data transfer.

What is the minimum frame size required for Ethernet?

The minimum frame size in Ethernet should be of 64 bytes, with a payload of 46 bytes.

What does the term 'Ethernet cut cables' refer to?

The term 'Ethernet cut cables' refers to various categories of Ethernet cables, which include different types of twisted pair cables such as UTP and STP.

What are the different categories of Ethernet cables mentioned in the session?

The different categories of Ethernet cables mentioned are Category 3, 5, 5e, 6, 6a, 7, and 8.

What is the maximum speed of Category 5e Ethernet cables?

Category 5e Ethernet cables have a maximum speed of 1 gigabit per second.

Which category of Ethernet cable is strictly shielded and operates at 10 gigabits per second?

Category 6a Ethernet cables are strictly shielded and operate at a speed of 10 gigabits per second.

What is the maximum speed of Category 8 Ethernet cables?

Category 8 Ethernet cables have a maximum speed of 40 gigabits per second.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Understanding Ethernet: Pros, Cons, and Cable Categories

This segment of the video script introduces the viewer to Ethernet, a widely used wired LAN technology. It outlines the session's outcomes, which include understanding the advantages and disadvantages of Ethernet, as well as the different types of Ethernet cables. The pros of Ethernet are highlighted as its widespread use, cost-effectiveness, equal node privileges, simple maintenance, reliability due to noise resistance, and high data transfer quality with the latest versions supporting Gigabit speeds. The cons discussed include network capacity waste under heavy loads due to collisions, unsuitability for real-time applications due to lack of priority setting, and the requirement of minimum frame size leading to dummy data padding. The segment concludes with an introduction to the various categories of Ethernet cables, setting the stage for a deeper dive into each category in subsequent content.

05:01

🔌 Deep Dive into Ethernet Cable Categories

The second paragraph delves into the specifics of Ethernet cable categories, providing a comprehensive overview of their types and capabilities. It starts with Category 3 cables, which are unshielded and offer a maximum speed of 10 megabits per second at 100 meters. Category 5e cables are also unshielded and support speeds up to 100 megabits per second, with an upgrade to 1 gigabit per second. Category 6 cables can be either shielded or unshielded, supporting up to 1 gigabit per second, while Category 6a cables are strictly shielded and operate at 10 gigabits per second. Category 7 cables are shielded twisted-pair cables with the same speed capability as Category 6a. Lastly, Category 8 cables are shielded and can achieve speeds up to 40 gigabits per second. The video concludes with a summary of the Ethernet knowledge imparted and a thank you to the viewers for their attention.

Keywords

💡Ethernet

Ethernet is a widely used wired LAN (Local Area Network) technology that enables communication between devices in a network. It is known for its reliability and high data transfer quality. In the video, Ethernet is the central theme, with discussions on its advantages such as cost-effectiveness, simplicity in maintenance, and robustness against noise, as well as its disadvantages like collision detection and lack of acknowledgments.

💡Pros of Ethernet

Pros of Ethernet refer to the positive attributes or benefits of using Ethernet technology. The video outlines several pros, including its relatively low cost, equal privileges for all nodes, simple maintenance and administration, noise resistance, high data transfer quality, and the ability to support high-speed data transfer with the latest versions like Gigabit Ethernet.

💡Cons of Ethernet

Cons of Ethernet are the negative aspects or limitations associated with Ethernet technology. The script mentions that under heavy loads, Ethernet can waste network capacity due to collisions, is not suitable for real-time applications due to its inability to set packet priorities, requires dummy data to meet minimum frame size requirements, and lacks acknowledgments after receiving packets.

💡Collision Detection

Collision detection is a mechanism in Ethernet networks where the network detects when two or more stations send data simultaneously, causing a collision. The video explains that Ethernet supports collision detection, which can be a disadvantage as it can lead to network inefficiencies, especially under heavy loads.

💡CSMA/CD

CSMA/CD stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection, a protocol used in Ethernet for network communication. It is mentioned in the video as the technology that allows Ethernet to detect collisions but does not provide acknowledgments, which can be a limitation for certain types of applications.

💡Ethernet Cables

Ethernet cables are the physical medium used to connect devices in an Ethernet network. The video discusses various categories of Ethernet cables, including their types (twisted pair, shielded twisted pair) and capabilities (speed and maximum transmission distance).

💡Category 5e

Category 5e, often referred to as Cat 5e, is a type of Ethernet cable that supports higher speeds (up to 100 megabits per second) compared to earlier categories. The video highlights Cat 5e as an improvement over Category 3 cables, offering faster data transfer rates.

💡Category 6

Category 6, or Cat 6, is a higher grade of Ethernet cable that supports even faster speeds (up to 1 gigabit per second) than Cat 5e. The video mentions Cat 6 as an example of how Ethernet technology has evolved to meet increasing data transfer demands.

💡Shielded vs Unshielded

Shielded and unshielded refer to the type of Ethernet cables, with shielded cables (STP) providing better protection against electromagnetic interference than unshielded cables (UTP). The video explains that while earlier categories like Cat 5e were unshielded, later categories like Cat 6a and Cat 8 are shielded, offering improved performance.

💡Gigabit Ethernet

Gigabit Ethernet is a version of Ethernet that supports data transfer rates of 1 gigabit per second. The video uses Gigabit Ethernet as an example of the high-speed capabilities that have become possible with advancements in Ethernet technology.

💡Category 8

Category 8, or Cat 8, is the latest category of Ethernet cables discussed in the video, which supports data transfer speeds of up to 40 gigabits per second. This represents the cutting-edge of Ethernet technology, showcasing the significant advancements in speed and performance.

Highlights

Ethernet is the most widely used wired LAN technology.

Ethernet is relatively inexpensive, contributing to its popularity.

All nodes in Ethernet have the same privileges, following a non-client-server architecture.

Ethernet's maintenance and administration are simple.

Ethernet cables are robust to noise, ensuring reliability.

Data transfer quality in Ethernet does not degrade.

Gigabit Ethernet allows transfer speeds of up to 10 gigabits per second.

Ethernet can waste network capacity under heavy loads due to collisions.

Collision detection is a feature of Ethernet, but it can cause problems.

Ethernet is not suitable for real-time applications due to its inability to set packet priority.

Dummy data is required to meet the minimum frame size of 64 bytes in Ethernet.

Receivers in Ethernet do not send acknowledgments after receiving a packet.

Ethernet category 3 cables are unshielded with a maximum speed of 10 megabits per second.

Category 5e cables are unshielded and support speeds up to 1 gigabit per second.

Category 6 cables can be either shielded or unshielded, supporting up to 1 gigabit per second.

Category 6a cables are shielded and operate at speeds up to 10 gigabits per second.

Category 7 cables are shielded twisted-pair cables with a maximum speed of 10 gigabits per second.

Category 8 cables are shielded twisted pair, capable of speeds up to 40 gigabits per second.

Transcripts

today we will see the experience with

Ethernet as usual let's start the

session with the outcomes upon the

completion of the session the learner

will be able to outcome number one we

will know the pros of Ethernet outcome

number two we will know the cons of

Ethernet and finally we will know the

various categories of Ethernet cables we

will start with the pros of Ethernet

Ethernet is the most widely used wired

LAN technology when we talk about a

wired local area network Ethernet is the

predominant technology Ethernet is

relatively inexpensive and this is one

of the main reasons for the popularity

in Ethernet all the node have the same

privileges it does not follow

client-server architecture so if we want

to talk about all the nodes that should

have only same privilege then Ethernet

is a good approach we can take this

point as a both pros as well as a cons

and talking about the same privilege

level we consider these points to be one

of the pros of Ethernet as far as

Ethernet is concerned the maintenance

and administration are simple the cable

used to connect systems in Ethernet is

robust to noise so we can say Ethernet

is reliable as it is robust to noise the

quality of data transfer does not

degrade in other words the data transfer

quality is really good and finally with

the latest version such as Gigabit

Ethernet the transfer speeds in gigabits

per second have become possible we are

in the Internet era and we are able to

send data at the speed of 10 gigabit per

second and even more let's now see the

cons of Ethernet though Ethernet has

some advantages it has some

disadvantages as well under heavy loads

too much of networks capacity is wasted

by collision as I already mentioned

Ethernet supports collision detection

when two or more stations send data at

the same time at the shard medium it

obviously leads to collision and

Ethernet is able to detect the collision

and this collision is one of the

problems with ethem it so it does not

hold good for real-time applications and

interactive applications let me explain

why this is not suitable for real-time

applications and intuitive application

shortly after Network cannot set

priority for the pockets it is not

suitable for a client-server

architecture as he already mentioned

every station or node participating in

eternity ecology will be having same

privilege so there is no client-server

architecture with Ethernet since there

is no client-server architecture so

there is no chance to set priority for

the packets for interactive applications

dummy data have to be fed to make the

frame size 46 bytes which is mandatory

for interactive applications or for

real-time applications small data might

be transferred between the sender and

the receiver

but this compulsorily needs 46 bytes of

the data so we may have only one byte of

data to be transferred between the

sender and the receiver Ethernet somehow

have to make this one byte information

as a 46 byte information by adding

padding bit so as to make it as a

complete 46 bytes because the minimum

frame size in Ethernet should be of 64

bytes and the payload should be of 46

bytes and finally after receiving a

packet the receiver doesn't send any

acknowledgment Ethernet uses csma/cd

technology so there is no chance for

acknowledgments so far we have seen the

pros and cons of Ethernet now let's move

on to the next topic what is this

catch cutter of different kinds likewise

Ethernet cats are also of different

kinds heathyr net cut it's a new

terminology that I am introducing I

request you not to search internet

regarding this rather search for

Ethernet cut cables so the topic of the

session is Ethernet cut cables so I have

simply noted as cars we have many

categories of Ethernet cables where I

have listed Ethernet category 3 5 5 v 6

6 a 7 & 8

Ethernet cables comes as a twisted pair

cable we also have shielded twisted pair

as well as and shielded twisted path in

short we will call it as STP or UTP

talking about Ethernet category 3 cables

they are unshielded that is UTP cables

and their maximum speed is of 10

megabits per second and this maximum

transmission speed at 100 meters and

coming to

category 5e cable and these cables are

also unshielded they come at the maximum

speed of 100 megabits per second coming

to cat 5e it is also of unshielded

cables and it comes as 1000 megabits per

second or 1 gigabits per second and we

also have a variation of cat5e cat6

carefully so fully unshielded Miraz cat

6 is of shielded or unshielded so we

have category 6 cables that is Ethernet

cat 6 cables it is of STP or UTP which

fields up to 1 gigabit per second and

cat 6a is strictly a shielded power

cable which works at a speed of 10

gigabits per second and cat 7 is also a

shielded twisted-pair cable which works

at a maximum speed of 10 gigabits per

second and we are in the contemporary

world with category 8 cables they are

shielded twisted pair cables it speeds

up to 40 gigabits per second and that's

it guys I hope now you know the pros and

cons of Ethernet and we also know the

various categories of Ethernet cables I

hope you enjoyed the session and thank

you for watching

[Applause]

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you

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