PERLAWANAN TERHADAP KOLONIALISME DAN IMPERIALISME
Summary
TLDRThis video script discusses the Indonesian resistance against colonialism and imperialism, highlighting significant historical figures and events. It covers Sultan Baabullah's expulsion of the Portuguese in 1529, Aceh's struggle under Sultan Iskandar Muda, and the Padri War led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol. The script also details the Java War led by Diponegoro and the Banjar War, emphasizing the Dutch's exploitation and the当地人的勇敢抵抗. Each conflict showcases the resilience and fight for independence of the Indonesian people.
Takeaways
- 🏰 Sultan Baabullah led the resistance against the Portuguese in 1529, resulting in a war between Tidore and the Portuguese.
- 🔥 The Portuguese's capture and murder of Sultan Hairun sparked further resistance from the Maluku people and Sultan Babullah's son.
- 🛡️ Aceh's Sultan Iskandar Muda prepared an armada to attack Portuguese positions in Malacca in 1629, though the attempt was unsuccessful.
- 📜 Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa in South Sulawesi, known as the 'Eastern Cock,' resisted Dutch advances, leading to the signing of the Bongaya Treaty in 1667.
- 🏰 The Mataram-VOC conflict began due to Dutch monopoly desires, escalating into two major attacks on Dutch positions in Batavia in 1628 and 1629.
- 🔥 The Padri War in West Sumatra from 1821 was led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol and successfully pressured the Dutch into peace negotiations in 1825.
- 🏰 The Diponegoro War, starting in 1825, was a significant conflict against Dutch rule, sparked by heavy taxation and economic policies.
- 🛡️ The Aceh War, which began after the London Treaty of 1871, saw the Dutch exploiting internal divisions and eventually ending the conflict in 1946.
- 🏰 The Batak War, also known as the 12 Years' War, was a 29-year resistance in North Sumatra led by Sisingamangaraja against Dutch rule.
- 🏰 The Banjar War began with Dutch interference in the royal succession of Banjarmasin, leading to a rebellion under Pangeran Antasari in 1859.
Q & A
What was the main topic discussed in the meeting?
-The main topic discussed was resistance against colonialism and imperialism, specifically the development of colonialism and imperialism in Indonesia and the Indonesian people's resistance to expel the invaders.
Who was Sultan Baabullah and what did he do?
-Sultan Baabullah was a ruler who led the expulsion of the Portuguese in 1529. He initiated a war against the Portuguese who were hindering trade in Banda, and eventually, the Portuguese were expelled from Ternate in 1575.
What was the significance of the conflict between Tidore and the Portuguese?
-The conflict was significant as it led to the Portuguese capturing and killing Sultan Hairun, which in turn sparked the anger of the Maluku people and continued resistance against the Portuguese.
How did Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh respond to the Portuguese presence?
-Sultan Iskandar Muda prepared the Acehnese army to attack the Portuguese position in Malacca in 1629, although the attack did not achieve victory, Aceh remained an independent kingdom.
What was the outcome of the conflict between Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa and the Dutch?
-Sultan Hasanuddin was forced to sign the Bongaya Treaty in 1667, which resulted in the Dutch gaining a spice trade monopoly in Makassar, the establishment of a Dutch fortification in Makassar, and the relinquishment of Makassar's authority over areas outside the city.
What were the causes of the conflict between Mataram and the Dutch known as the Java War?
-The Java War was caused by the Dutch's desire for monopoly and economic policies that led to suffering among the people. The war began with two major attacks by Mataram on Dutch positions in Batavia, both of which failed due to lack of supplies and the Dutch's superior weaponry.
Who led the resistance in Ambon against the Dutch in 1817?
-The resistance in Ambon was led by Thomas Matulessy, also known as Pattimura, who successfully captured a Dutch fort and killed the resident fun and gold.
What was the Padri War and who were its key leaders?
-The Padri War was a conflict in West Sumatra in 1821 led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Tuanku Nan Cerdik, and Tuanku Tambusai. The conflict was a resistance against the Dutch and ended with the Dutch victory and the capture of Tuanku Imam Bonjol in 1837.
What were the circumstances of the Diponegoro War?
-The Diponegoro War was a significant conflict in 1830, triggered by the suffering of the people due to the Dutch's tax policies and economic measures. Prince Diponegoro was captured during negotiations and exiled, marking the end of the war.
How did the Sisingamangaraja resistance in North Sumatra unfold?
-The Sisingamangaraja resistance, also known as the Batak War, lasted for 29 years. It began with the Dutch establishing a stronghold in 1877 to counter the Batak War. The resistance ended when Captain Christoffel successfully besieged Sisingamangaraja's last fortress in Fakfak.
What was the Banjar War and how did it conclude?
-The Banjar War started when the Dutch intervened in the succession of the Banjarmasin royal family, supporting a prince who was not favored by the people. The resistance was led by Pangeran Antasari and ended in 1862 with Pangeran Hidayat's surrender.
What was the Balinese conflict known as the 'Jagaraga' and what were its origins?
-The 'Jagaraga' conflict began due to a dispute between the Dutch and the Balinese kingdom over maritime rights. The Dutch attacked the Balinese kingdom in 1846, and by 1960, they had conquered two Balinese kingdoms, leading to the 'Puputan' or 'fight to the death' war, which ended with the fall of the Balinese kingdom.
Outlines
🏰 Indonesian Resistance Against Colonialism and Imperialism
This paragraph discusses the historical struggle of Indonesian people against colonialism and imperialism. It highlights Sultan Baabullah's expulsion of the Portuguese in 1529, the conflict between Tidore and the Portuguese, and the subsequent war where the Portuguese were eventually expelled from Ternate in 1575. It also covers Aceh's resistance under Sultan Iskandar Muda, attempts to conquer Malacca in 1629, and the third resistance led by Sultan Hasanuddin of Gowa in South Sulawesi. The paragraph concludes with the Mataram-VOC conflict, where the Dutch were opposed by Mataram, leading to two major attacks on Dutch positions in Batavia in 1628 and 1629, which ultimately failed due to superior Dutch weaponry and tactics.
🚩 Continuation of Indonesian Independence Struggles
The second paragraph continues the narrative of Indonesia's fight for independence. It mentions the resistance in Ambon led by Pattimura and Christina Martha Tiahahu, the West Sumatran Padri War led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol, and the implementation of the Benteng Stelsel defense system by the Dutch. The paragraph also covers the Diponegoro War, which was sparked by heavy taxation and economic policies of the Dutch, leading to Diponegoro's capture and exile. It further discusses the Aceh War, where the Dutch exploited internal divisions and the war ended in 1946 with sporadic resistance continuing until the 1930s. The Sisingamangaraja resistance in North Sumatra, also known as the Batak War, is highlighted, lasting 29 years and ending with the Dutch victory. Lastly, it touches on the Banjar War in South Kalimantan and the Bali Wars, including the puputan or fight to the death, which led to Dutch control over Bali by 1906.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Colonialism
💡Imperialism
💡Sultan Baabullah
💡Sultan Hairun
💡Sultan Iskandar Muda
💡Sultan Hasanuddin
💡Perjanjian Bongaya
💡Sultan Agung
💡Perang Diponegoro
💡Perang Aceh
💡Perang Banjar
Highlights
Discussion on the resistance against colonialism and imperialism in Indonesia.
Sultan Baabullah's expulsion of the Portuguese in 1529 and the subsequent war between Tidore and the Portuguese.
Portuguese interference in Banda's trade and the resulting conflict.
Sultan Hairun's capture and murder by the Portuguese, sparking local outrage.
Sultan Babullah's continuation of his father's struggle against the Portuguese.
The united front of Ternate and Tidore against the Portuguese, leading to their expulsion in 1575.
Aceh's military preparations under Sultan Iskandar Muda to attack Portuguese Malacca in 1629.
Aceh's unsuccessful attempt to conquer the Portuguese, yet maintaining independence.
Sultan Hasanuddin's resistance against the Dutch, earning the title 'Rooster of the East'.
The Bongaya Treaty of 1667, granting the Dutch a monopoly on the spice trade in Makassar.
Mataram's conflict with the Dutch over trade monopoly, leading to military engagements.
The failed Mataram attacks on Dutch positions in Batavia due to logistical shortcomings and superior Dutch weaponry.
The resistance in Ambon under Thomas Matulessy, known as Pattimura, against Dutch rule.
The Padri War in West Sumatra, led by Tuanku Imam Bonjol, causing the Dutch to retreat.
The Dutch implementation of the Benteng Stelsel defensive system to counter the Padri resistance.
The fall of the last Padri defensive fortress in Bonjol in 1837, marking the end of the Padri War.
The Diponegoro War, a significant conflict against Dutch rule due to economic policies and taxes.
The capture and exile of Diponegoro, ending the war in 1830.
The Aceh War, sparked by the London Treaty of 1871 and lasting until 1946.
The Sisingamangaraja resistance in North Sumatra, also known as the Batak War, lasting 29 years.
The Banjar War, a conflict over the succession of the Banjarmasin throne and Dutch intervention.
The end of the Banjar resistance in 1862 with the capture of Pangeran Antasari.
The Bali War, or Jagaraga, beginning with a dispute over maritime rights and escalating into a full-scale conflict.
The fall of the last Balinese kingdoms to the Dutch after a desperate war of resistance.
Transcripts
Halo Assalamualaikum anak-anak bagaimana
kabarmu hari ini semoga kalian semua
dalam keadaan sehat pada pertemuan kali
ini kita akan membahas materi perlawanan
terhadap kolonialisme dan imperialisme
perkembangan kolonialisme dan
imperialisme barat di Indonesia
mengakibatkan bangsa Indonesia melakukan
perlawanan untuk mengusir penjajah
Bagaimanakah perlawanan yang dilakukan
oleh masyarakat Indonesia mari ikuti
dalam pembahasan materi berikut ini
pertama Sultan Baabullah mengusir
Portugis pada tahun 1529 terjadi perang
antara Tidore dan Portugis
Hai penyebab utamanya Portugis
menghalang-halangi perdagangan Banda
dengan Tidore Portugis menembaki
jungjung atau perahu dari Banda yang
akan membeli cengkeh Tidore Tidore tidak
terima dengan tindakan armada Portugis
lalu melakukan perlawanan dalam perang
tersebut Portugis berhasil mengadu domba
Kerajaan Ternate dan Tidore Portugis
mendapat dukungan dari Ternate dan
bacaan pada tahun 1570 bertempat di
benteng Sao Paulo terjadi perundingan
antara Sultan Hairun dan Portugis pada
saat perundingan berlangsung tanpa
disangka-sangka tiba-tiba Portugis
menangkap Sultan Hairun dan pada saat
itu juga membunuhnya kelicikan dan
kejahatan Portugis tersebut menimbulkan
kemarahan rakyat Maluku Sultan Babullah
Putra Sultan Hairun dengan gagah
melanjutkan perjuangan ayahandanya
dengan memimpin perlawanan pada saat
bersamaan
Ternate dan Tidore bersatu melancarkan
serangan terhadap Portugis hingga
akhirnya pada tahun 1575 Portugis
berhasil diusir dari Ternate yang kedua
perlawanan Aceh pada masa pemerintahan
Sultan Iskandar Muda Armada Aceh telah
disiapkan untuk menyerang kedudukan
Portugis di Malaka pada tahun 1629 Aceh
mencoba menaklukkan Portugis tetapi
penyerangan yang dilakukan Aceh ini
belum berhasil mendapat kemenangan
Meskipun demikian Aceh masih tetap
berdiri sebagai kerajaan yang merdeka
selanjutnya yang ketiga Sultan
Hasanuddin yaitu Raja Gowa di Sulawesi
Selatan Sultan Hasanuddin memiliki gelar
yaitu ayam jantan dari timur Karena
ketangguhannya melawan Belanda suatu
ketika Sultan Hasanuddin dan Arung
Palakka dari kerajaan Bone berselisih
faham hal ini
Khan VOC dengan mengadu domba kedua
kerajaan tersebut Sultan Hasanudin
dipaksa menandatangani Perjanjian
Bongaya pada 18 November 1667 isi
perjanjian Bongaya pertama Belanda
memperoleh monopoli dagang rempah-rempah
di Makassar yang kedua belanda
mendirikan benteng pertahanan di
Makassar yang ketiga Makassar harus
melepaskan daerah kekuasaannya berupa
daerah diluar Makassar selanjutnya yang
tempat Arung Palakka diakui sebagai Raja
Bone
Hai berlawanan selanjutnya yaitu
serangan Mataram terhadap VOC
perselisihan antara Mataram dan Belanda
terjadi karena nafsu monopoli Belanda
pada tanggal 8 Nov 16 18 Gubernur
Jenderal VOC Jan pieterszoon
memerintahkan Van Der Mart menyerang
Jepara peristiwa tersebut memperuncing
perselisihan antara Mataram dan Belanda
Raja Mataram Sultan Agung segera
mempersiapkan penyerangan terhadap
kedudukan VOC di Batavia serangan
pertama pasukan Mataram dipimpin
Tumenggung Bahurekso yang tiba di
Batavia tanggal 22 Agustus membelas 28
sementara serangan pasukan Mataram yang
kedua dipimpin oleh Kiai Adipati Juminah
Kiai Adipati Puger dan Kiai Adipati
Purbaya Serangan yang kedua ini dimulai
pada tanggal 1 Agustus dan berakhir
1oktober 1629 Serangan yang pertama dan
kedua
Mataram ini gagal disebabkan karena
kurangnya perbekalan juga disebabkan
Mataram kurang matang dalam
memperhitungkan medan pertempuran faktor
lain adalah persenjataan Belanda jauh
lebih modern dibandingkan tentara
Mataram perlawanan terhadap pemerintah
Hindia Belanda pertama perang Saparua di
Ambon Ketika Belanda kembali berkuasa di
Indonesia tahun 1817 rakyat Ambon
mengadakan perlawanan dibawah pimpinan
Thomas Matulessy atau Pattimura
Pattimura memimpin perlawanan di Saparua
dan berhasil merebut benteng Belanda
serta membunuh residen fun dan gold
dalam perlawanan tersebut turut serta
pula seorang pahlawan wanita bernama
Christina Martha tiahahu yang merupakan
Putri Tunggal dari Paulus tiahahu
Hai perlawanan yang kedua yaitu perang
Padri di Sumatera Barat tahun 1821 Kaum
Padri dipimpin oleh Tuanku Imam Bonjol
tuanku nan cerdik Tuanku Tambusai dan
tuanku nan aha perlawanan Kaum Padri
berhasil membuat Belanda terpojok
Belanda pun mengajak Kaum Padri berdamai
yang diwujudkan di Bonjol tanggal 15 Nov
1825 Belanda menerapkan sistem
pertahanan Benteng Stelsel Benteng Fort
de Kock di Bukittinggi dan Benteng Fort
Van Der capellen merupakan dua benteng
pertahanan Belanda dengan siasat
tersebut Belanda akhirnya menang yang
ditandai dengan jatuhnya benteng
pertahanan terakhir Padri di Bonjol
tahun 1837 Tuanku Imam Bonjol ditangkap
kemudian diasingkan ke Priangan kemudian
ke Ambon dan terakhir di Manado hingga
wafat tahun 1864 setelah
Hai yang ketiga Perang Diponegoro Perang
Diponegoro merupakan salah satu perang
besar yang dihadapi Belanda pajak-pajak
yang diterapkan pemerintah
hindia-belanda dan kebijakan ekonomi
lainnya menjadi sumber penderitaan
rakyat yang ikut juga melatarbelakangi
Perang Diponegoro pada bulan Maret 1830
Diponegoro bersedia mengadakan
perundingan dengan Belanda di Magelang
Jawa Tengah perundingan tersebut hanya
sebagai jalan tipu muslihat karena
ternyata Diponegoro ditangkap dan
diasingkan ke Manado kemudian ke
Makassar hingga wafat tahun 1855
selanjutnya yang keempat perang Aceh
traktat London tahun 1871 menyebut
Belanda menyerahkan Srilanka kepada
Inggris dan Belanda mendapat hak atas
Aceh Belanda mengadu domba antara
golongan uleebalang atau bangsawan
dengan kaum ulama sejak tahun 1898
kedudukan
C semakin terdesak melanda mengumkan
berakhirnya Perang Aceh pada tahun 1946
under mikian perlawanan sporadis rakyat
Aceh masih berlangsung hingga tahun 1930
yang kelima Perlawanan Sisingamangaraja
di Sumatera Utara perlawanan terhadap
Belanda di Sumatera Utara dilakukan oleh
Sisingamangaraja 12 perlawanan ini
dinamakan juga Perang Batak yang
berlangsung selama 29 tahun pertempuran
diawali dari bahalbatu yang menjadi
pusat pertahanan Belanda tahun 1877
untuk menghadapi Perang Batak Belanda
menarik pasukan dari Aceh
Hai pasukan Sisingamangaraja dapat
dikalahkan setelah Kapten christoffel
berhasil mengepung benteng terakhir
Sisingamangaraja di Fakfak kedua Putra
beliau patuan Nagari dan patuan Anggi
itu Dhuhur sehingga seluruh Tapanuli
dapat dikuasai Belanda yang keenam
perang Banjar perang Banjar diawali
Ketika Belanda campur tangan dalam
urusan pergantian raja di Kerajaan
Banjarmasin Belanda memberi dukungan
kepada pangeran tamjidillah yang tidak
disukai rakyat pada tahun 1859 Pangeran
Antasari memimpin perlawanan setelah
Prabu Anom ditangkap Belanda pada tahun
1862 Pangeran Hidayat menyerah dan
berakhirlah perlawanan Banjar di pulau
Kalimantan perlawanan benar-benar dapat
dipadamkan pada tahun 1950 Jagaraga di
Bali Perang Jagaraga berawal ketika
di Belanda dan kerajaan di Bali
bersengketa Tentang Hak Tawan Karang Hak
Tawan Karang menyatakan bahwa setiap
kapal yang kandas di perairan Bali
menjadi hak penguasa di daerah tersebut
pemerintah Belanda memprotes Raja
Buleleng yang menyita dua kapal milik
Belanda Raja Buleleng tidak menerima
Tuntutan Belanda untuk mengembalikan
kedua kapalnya persengketaan ini
menyebabkan Belanda melakukan serangan
terhadap kerajaan mulai length pada
tahun 1846 selanjutnya Belanda menguasai
dua kerajaan Bali yaitu Gianyar dan
Klungkung pada tahun 1960 kerajaan di
Bali pun jatuh ke pihak Belanda setelah
rakyat melakukan perang habis-habisan
yang dikenal dengan perang puputan
Jagaraga Nah anak-anak itulah
diantaranya perlawanan yang dilakukan
oleh rakyat Indonesia terhadap
imperialisme dan kolonialisme barat di
Indonesia sampai desain
lu pembahasan materi kita kali ini
wassalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh
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