Mengenal Teknologi Mutakhir Genom Editing CRISPR 9

Summary

The Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture's Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research Center is developing a new rice variety using advanced genome editing technology. This technique aims to improve the plant's stature, making it more resistant to strong winds and heavy rains. The process involves precise genetic mutations using CRISPR-Cas9, which allows for targeted editing without introducing foreign genes. The goal is to create a healthier and safer rice variety that meets the public's food needs.

Takeaways

• 🌱 The demand for healthy and safe food is driving agricultural technology to develop superior crop varieties.
• 🔬 Genetic engineering, specifically genome editing, is a cutting-edge technique being used to improve rice varieties.
• 🌾 Rice is a staple food in Indonesia, with a recorded consumption of 31.3 million tons in 2020.
• 🌾 Inpari HBD and Va di Rawa are popular rice varieties known for their high productivity and quality grains.
• 🌪️ Researchers are working to improve the plant posture of these varieties to make them more resistant to strong winds and heavy rains.
• 🧬 Genome editing allows for precise mutations in plant genes, which is more targeted than traditional mutagenesis methods.
• 🧬 The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a key tool in genome editing, working by cutting double-stranded DNA at specific locations.
• 🌱 The use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is part of the genetic transformation process in plants.
• 🌱 The process of creating genetically edited plants involves using young embryos from 12-14 day old rice seeds.
• 🌱 The edited plants are then acclimated and selected for mutations without transgenes, specifically targeting genes like gns2 one alis.

Q & A

What is driving the development of superior crop varieties?

The development of superior crop varieties is driven by changes in weather anomalies, increasing commodity demands, and the need to meet societal needs for healthy and safe food.

What is the role of genetic engineering in crop variety development?

Genetic engineering plays a role in developing new superior crop varieties by allowing for targeted modifications to plant genetics to enhance traits such as productivity, disease resistance, and nutritional content.

What is the significance of rice as a commodity in Indonesia?

Rice is a significant commodity in Indonesia, with the Central Statistics Agency recording a consumption of 31.30 million tons of rice by the Indonesian population in 2020.

What are some of the favored rice varieties among the Indonesian population?

Some favored rice varieties among the Indonesian population include the elite variety Inpari HBD and the Va di Rawa, which are known for their high productivity and quality rice grains.

What is the main challenge with the current popular rice varieties?

The main challenge with the current popular rice varieties like Inpari HBD and Va di Rawa is their relatively tall stature, making them susceptible to lodging under strong winds and heavy rains.

What is genome editing and how does it differ from traditional mutation breeding?

Genome editing is a technology that allows for precise mutations in the genes of plants. It differs from traditional mutation breeding, which involves random mutations induced by chemicals or radiation, by enabling targeted and specific genetic modifications.

What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system and how does it work?

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a genome editing tool that works by cutting double-stranded DNA at specific locations, guided by a short RNA molecule that directs the Cas9 enzyme to the target DNA sequence.

How is the CRISPR-Cas9 system applied in rice plant transformation?

In rice plant transformation, the CRISPR-Cas9 system is applied by introducing the Cas9 protein and guide RNA into young rice embryos using Agrobacterium, which then incorporates the genetic material into the plant's genome.

What is the role of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plant genetic engineering?

Agrobacterium tumefaciens plays a role in plant genetic engineering by acting as a vector to transfer foreign DNA into plant cells, facilitating the uptake and integration of the CRISPR-Cas9 components into the plant genome.

How long does it typically take to obtain transformed rice plants after the genetic transformation process?

It typically takes about three months to obtain transformed rice plants after the genetic transformation process, which includes the stages of embryo isolation, Agrobacterium infection, and plant regeneration.

What is the goal of editing the gns2 gene in rice plants?

The goal of editing the gns2 gene in rice plants is to suppress or knock out the expression of the gene responsible for the production of GA20 oxidase, an enzyme key in the formation of gibberellin hormones, which control plant height. By editing this gene, the aim is to produce rice plants with a shorter stature, reducing the risk of lodging.