Bioteknologi modern - biologi kelas 12 bab.bioteknologi - #biologi #bioteknologi

Summary

This video lesson introduces modern biotechnology, highlighting its characteristics such as advanced technology, genetic engineering, and molecular manipulation. Examples like BT corn and transgenic organisms illustrate how biotechnology can enhance agricultural products and create new innovations like genetically engineered fish and insulin. The video also covers various applications, including DNA recombination, monoclonal antibodies, and in vitro fertilization. With a focus on sophisticated techniques and expert knowledge, the lesson explores the impact and potential of modern biotechnology in diverse fields.

Takeaways

• 😀 Modern biotechnology utilizes advanced tools and technologies to manipulate genetic material in organisms.
• 😀 BT corn is an example of genetically engineered crops, specifically modified to resist insect pests.
• 😀 Genetic engineering is a core characteristic of modern biotechnology, involving manipulation of genes and DNA.
• 😀 The use of modern biotechnology requires specialized expertise, as the processes are complex and often require professionals.
• 😀 Compared to conventional biotechnology, modern biotechnology tends to have higher costs due to advanced technologies and tools.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology can manipulate organisms at the molecular or cellular level, not just whole microorganisms.
• 😀 Examples of transgenic plants include BT corn and Golden Rice, both created through genetic modification.
• 😀 Transgenic animals, such as Glowfish and featherless chickens, are also products of modern biotechnology.
• 😀 Recombinant DNA technology has enabled the production of synthetic insulin and monoclonal antibodies.
• 😀 Modern biotechnology has applications in various fields, including agriculture, medicine, and vaccine production.
• 😀 For further learning, additional resources on DNA recombination, electrophoresis, and transgenic organisms are available.

Q & A

What is modern biotechnology?

Modern biotechnology refers to the use of advanced tools, technology, and methods to manipulate biological systems. It includes techniques like genetic engineering and molecular biology to modify organisms at the cellular and molecular levels.

What is BT corn, and how is it an example of modern biotechnology?

BT corn is a genetically modified variety of corn that has been engineered to resist pests. It contains a gene from the bacterium *Bacillus thuringiensis* that produces a protein toxic to specific insects, demonstrating genetic engineering in modern biotechnology.

What are the key characteristics of modern biotechnology?

The key characteristics of modern biotechnology include the use of advanced technology and tools, higher costs due to sophisticated equipment, manipulation at the molecular and cellular levels, complex and specialized processes, and the use of genetic engineering principles.

Why are the costs associated with modern biotechnology typically higher than conventional biotechnology?

The costs are higher because modern biotechnology requires the use of advanced machines, specialized knowledge, and more complex processes, such as genetic modification and molecular manipulation, which require both equipment and skilled professionals.

How does modern biotechnology differ from conventional biotechnology?

Modern biotechnology differs from conventional biotechnology in that it focuses on manipulating organisms at the cellular and molecular levels using advanced technology, whereas conventional biotechnology typically involves more traditional methods like selective breeding and fermentation.

What are some examples of products from modern biotechnology?

Examples of products from modern biotechnology include genetically modified crops like BT corn and Golden Rice, genetically engineered animals like Glowfish and featherless chickens, recombinant insulin, monoclonal antibodies, and in vitro fertilization (IVF).

What is recombinant DNA technology, and how is it used in modern biotechnology?

Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from different organisms to create new genetic combinations. In modern biotechnology, it is used to insert beneficial genes into organisms, such as in the creation of BT corn, where a gene from *Bacillus thuringiensis* is inserted to provide pest resistance.

How does genetic engineering apply to modern biotechnology?

Genetic engineering in modern biotechnology involves altering the DNA of an organism to introduce new traits or enhance existing ones. This is done using techniques like gene insertion, as seen in the creation of genetically modified crops or animals, such as BT corn and Glowfish.

What role does genetic manipulation play in modern biotechnology?

Genetic manipulation is central to modern biotechnology, as it allows for the modification of organisms at the genetic level. This can include inserting or modifying genes to improve crop yields, disease resistance, or create new medical treatments such as recombinant insulin or monoclonal antibodies.

What is the principle behind recombinant DNA technology and its applications in biotechnology?

Recombinant DNA technology involves isolating and combining DNA segments from different sources to create new genetic combinations. This principle is used in applications like genetically modified crops (e.g., BT corn) and the production of hormones like insulin and antibodies through genetically engineered organisms.