Pedro Arrupe 4 of 5
Summary
TLDRPedro Arrupe, the Jesuit leader, faced significant challenges in promoting faith and justice, particularly in Latin America where poverty was rampant. His message resonated deeply, but it also led to opposition and even persecution, as seen in the tragic deaths of Jesuits in El Salvador. Despite this, Arrupe's commitment to social justice and reform inspired Jesuits worldwide, from Asia to the United States. His tenure was marked by internal turmoil and external pressures, including from the Vatican, which he navigated with a balanced approach. After a stroke in 1981, his leadership was succeeded by Father Vincent O'Keefe, maintaining continuity. Pope John Paul II's initial skepticism about the Jesuits' loyalty turned into praise, acknowledging their unity and obedience.
Takeaways
- đ Latin America was highly receptive to the message of faith and justice due to widespread poverty.
- đ The speaker emphasized the need for prayer and radical change, despite facing opposition from civilian and ecclesiastical leaders.
- â ïž Some people involved in the movement, especially in El Salvador, faced persecution and death, like the six priests who were slain.
- đ§ The attackers targeted the intellectual life in El Salvador, symbolized by their attack on the Jesuits at the university.
- đ Jesuits across the world, including in Asia and the U.S., faced struggles with acculturation and public policies.
- đ The policies of Pedro Arrupe, elected in 1965, faced resistance, particularly from conservative factions within the Vatican.
- đ€ Arrupe remained loyal to the papacy but was deeply affected by internal Jesuit opposition and Vatican pressures.
- âł Arrupe sought to resign after years of tumultuous leadership, but Pope John Paul II initially rejected the idea.
- đŁïž A stroke incapacitated Arrupe, and leadership of the Jesuits temporarily fell to his vicar general, Father Vincent O'Keefe.
- âïž The Vatican's direct intervention in Jesuit governance with the appointment of Father Paolo Dezza caused significant tension within the Society of Jesus.
Q & A
What was the reaction of Latin Americans to Pedro Arrupe's message?
-Latin Americans were very receptive to Pedro Arrupe's message because they were living in a situation of grinding poverty and felt the need for faith and justice.
What did Pedro Arrupe warn about the potential consequences of promoting faith and justice?
-Pedro Arrupe warned that promoting faith and justice would lead to a radical change, opposition from both civilian and ecclesiastical levels, and that some might face persecution or even death.
Who was the head of the Jesuits in El Salvador and what happened to him?
-The head of the Jesuits in El Salvador was a man named Ignacio EllacurĂa. He and five other priests were slain, with the intention of demonstrating an attack on the intellectual life and capacity of the country.
What challenges did Jesuits face in different regions as described in the script?
-Jesuits in Asia faced challenges with acculturation, in the United States, Jesuit Dan Berrigan confronted public policies, and in the context of culture wars, John McNeill's book 'The Church and the Homosexual' was a source of conflict.
How did Pedro Arrupe handle the inner turmoil within the Society of Jesus?
-Pedro Arrupe attempted to discern the movement of the Holy Spirit amidst the changes and conflicts, and was constantly called upon to mediate, including pressures from the Vatican to clamp down on dissent.
What was the relationship between Pedro Arrupe and the Vatican during his tenure?
-Pedro Arrupe was unwaveringly loyal to the papacy, but his relationship with the Vatican became increasingly complicated, with some of his critics finding favor within the Holy See.
Why did Pedro Arrupe decide to resign as the Superior General of the Jesuits?
-After almost fifteen tumultuous years in office, Pedro Arrupe believed it was time for new Jesuit leadership and resolved to resign.
How did Pope John Paul II initially respond to Pedro Arrupe's intention to resign?
-Pope John Paul II did not initially want to receive Pedro Arrupe for an audience to discuss his resignation, and when he did, the meeting was brief and inconclusive.
What event led to a change in Pope John Paul II's attitude towards the Jesuits?
-After the assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II in May 1981, his attitude towards the Jesuits changed, and he began to praise and appreciate them for their unity and obedience.
What happened to Pedro Arrupe after he suffered a stroke?
-After suffering a severe stroke, Pedro Arrupe lost his ability to speak fluently in multiple languages and could only speak a form of Spanish that was difficult to understand. His governance of the Society of Jesus fell to his Vicar General, Father Vincent O'Keefe.
How did the appointment of Father Paolo Dezza as the Pope's personal representative affect the Jesuits?
-The direct intervention by Pope John Paul II in appointing Father Paolo Dezza as the leader of the Society of Jesus caused great consternation among the Jesuits, as they were reminded of the historical suppression of their society by Pope Clement XIV in 1773.
Outlines
đ Global Impact and Challenges of Pedro Arrupe
This paragraph discusses the widespread influence and the challenges faced by Pedro Arrupe, the Superior General of the Society of Jesus, during his tenure. Latin America was particularly receptive to his message due to the prevalent poverty and social issues. Arrupe emphasized the importance of faith and justice, advocating for radical changes that would inevitably face opposition from both civilian and ecclesiastical authorities. His leadership drew international attention as Jesuits worldwide faced various challenges, such as acculturation in Asia, public policy confrontations in the United States, and cultural wars sparked by publications like John McNeil's book on the Church and homosexuality. Arrupe's efforts to mediate these conflicts and navigate the pressures from the Vatican, which sometimes viewed these changes as dissent, highlight his commitment to the Jesuit mission despite the internal turmoil and external opposition, including the risk of persecution and even death for some Jesuits.
đ The Struggle for Continuity and the Pope's Intervention
The second paragraph delves into the internal dynamics of the Society of Jesus following the stroke of Pedro Arrupe, which left him incapacitated and unable to lead. His vision was carried forward by his vicar general, Father Vincent O'Keefe, ensuring the continuity of the Jesuit mission. However, Pope John Paul II's direct intervention in appointing his own representative, Father Paolo Dezza, to lead the Society caused significant concern among Jesuits, recalling the historical suppression of their order by Pope Clement XIV in 1773. The Pope's initial expectations of rebellion and chaos within the Society were unfounded, as demonstrated by the Jesuits' unwavering obedience and loyalty. This realization led to a pivotal moment where Pope John Paul II, who had been prepared to condemn the Society, instead praised their unity and commitment, marking a significant shift in his stance and acknowledging the misjudgment of those who had advised him otherwise.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄLatin America
đĄFaith and Justice
đĄPedro Arrupe
đĄVatican
đĄJesuits
đĄPersecution
đĄEcclesiastical
đĄGeneral Congregation
đĄDissent
đĄAssassination
đĄStroke
Highlights
Latin America was receptive to the message of faith and justice due to their poverty situation.
The message emphasized the need for prayer and radical change to address poverty.
Opposition was expected from both civilian and ecclesiastical levels.
In El Salvador, priests were killed for their opposition to the government.
Pedro Arrupe's leadership attracted international attention beyond Latin America.
Jesuits in Asia faced challenges with acculturation.
In the United States, Jesuit Dan Berrigan confronted public policies.
Robert Dryden's election as a congressman displeased conservative opponents.
John McNeil's book ignited cultural wars with its controversial content.
Arrupe faced inner turmoil trying to discern the movement of the Holy Spirit.
Vatican pressures sought to clamp down on perceived dissent within the Jesuits.
Some Jesuits had the ear of powerful Cardinals, complicating Vatican relationships.
Arrupe's loyalty to the papacy was unwavering despite Vatican criticisms.
Arrupe's attempt to resign was met with resistance from Pope John Paul II.
Pope John Paul II's election changed the relationship with the Vatican.
Arrupe's health deteriorated after a stroke, affecting his language abilities.
Father Vincent O'Keefe assumed leadership to continue Arrupe's vision.
Pope John Paul II appointed his own representative to lead the Jesuits.
The Pope's intervention caused consternation among Jesuits, recalling past suppression.
Pope John Paul II's attitude shifted from potential suppression to praise for the Jesuits.
Transcripts
you're from our point of view of where
we sat in sat in room Latin America was
very receptive to his message because
they were living in a poverty situation
that was a grinding poverty that was
real and they felt it and he said no
this thing about faith and justice he
said if we are serious about this and
it's not just something on the paper we
really have to pray because this is
going to be a radical change and if we
promulgate this we are going to lose our
friends we are going to find opposition
both on the civilian-led level and on
the ecclesiastical level people are
going to oppose us they call the
persecutors and some of us will be
killed
well in El Salvador we had especially
our judgment borders and the six priests
remember who was who was slain and the
head of them was a wonderful man named
and yes you're a accordion and a solid
basque who spoke very openly and
remember they had they thought that they
had shot him through they hadn't screwed
their brains to show that this was an
attack on the intellectual life and
capacity of this of the country this is
what they were got that that university
represented the only the only active
voice to a terrible government and a
tell them that was running the country
in leading the Jesuits to engage a
changing world Arrupe attracts
international attention it is not just
Latin America that he has to contend
with Jesuits in Asia struggle anew with
acculturation
in the United States Jesuit Dan Berrigan
is confronting public policies Robert
Dryden is an elected congressman to the
great displeasure of conservative
opponents John McNeil is fueling culture
wars with his book the church and the
homosexual all of this is a source of
inner turmoil for Arrupe as he attempts
to discern the movement of the holy
spirit in the change in conflict he is
constantly called upon to mediate
including Vatican pressures to clamp
down on what the Vatican saw as dissent
the policies of the general
congregations that elected Pedro Arrupe
in 1965 and later validated and advanced
those policies in 1975 were still not
well received by some Jesuits some of
whom had the ear of powerful Cardinals
in the Holy See relationships with the
Vatican become increasingly complicated
a rupee is unwaveringly loyal to the
papacy but he is crushed to learn that
some dishw it's critical of him are
finding favor in the corridors of the
Vatican Pope pulled the sixth attempting
a balancing act of his own in the wake
of vatican ii is someone a Roopa can
talk with but when john paul ii is
elected in 1978 the relationship with
the vatican changes by this time a weary
Arrupe believes that after almost
fifteen tumultuous years in office it is
time for new jesuit leadership he
resolves to resign and after consulting
with his general assistants determines
to notify the Pope when Father group
they wanted to resign he couldn't get
the Pope to receive him and when he
finally did get an audience it was
really jammed in between two other
audiences so it lasted all of 13 minutes
and when Roopa saw the Pope you know he
was very he's always so differential he
said you know we've
when he mentioned design the Pope
shorter and the Pope said where do I
come into this what I did it was rather
blunt and the root plate was was
surprised so he said well you're the
superior and then they went a little
further and he was looking at the
memorandum the Pope and then he said to
a Roubaix suppose I say no well what we
said well what can I do you're the
you're the superior so at that point the
aides had come and they pulled him away
that was the end of the meeting I think
you know the Pope he didn't know what
the results of his resignation would be
and he never wanted to deal with the
unknown so you didn't know who would be
elected so you couldn't tell what the
outcome was going to be and this Pope
didn't want to go into anything what he
could not already foresee the result and
whereas the pope john paul ii had agreed
to meet with father Roubaix to dialogue
with him and solve the problems around
father who pays proposal to resign the
Pope simply wouldn't receive him in
audience that went on about ten months
and when he did suppose did see him he
said to obey this has been a good
conversation father general and I want
to continue this with you it was it over
God be polite it please anything you
want to know call on me instead of
calling on these other people he was
calling him other Jesuits for example
well next month may thirteen
it was Betty assassination so the Pope
could no longer dialogue with a roommate
it would be months before the Pope
recovers from the assassination attempt
that was that was May of 1981 and in
August of 1981 a roommate was returning
to Rome from an old trip doses
especially to the Philippines it was a
long flight and when they when they
arrived in Rome at the airport they
noticed the route pay was he was very he
was flushed he was perspiring
tremendously and he was his language
wasn't making much sense so they rushed
him into the car and rushed him right
through the hospital named Salvator
Mundi in Rome where they had all of a
rubezh record space all right away was a
stroke he had been able to speak you as
fluent in seven languages that
disappeared he understood the languages
but he couldn't speak them all he could
speak was a form of Spanish that was
very difficult to understand even for
native Spanish speakers so that stroke
was a severe stroke in really
incapacitated we got out word to the
whole society by cable so they'd had
this stroke we didn't know that the
extent of it at the time but as it
turned out it just that he was no longer
able to go on
with a rope a struck down the governance
of the society Falls to his vicar
general Father Vincent O'Keefe which
assures the continuity of a rope A's
vision and the election of a successor
this is not what pope john paul ii has
in mind however he does not want to risk
a general congregation with the unknowns
that implies within a few months he
appoints his own personal representative
to assume leadership father paul odessa
this direct intervention by the pope in
the governance of the society of jesus
causes great consternation among Jesuits
they could not avoid the awareness that
an earlier Pope Clement the 14th had
totally suppressed their society in 1773
a state of affairs that would last for
more than 40 years the last few days of
February the early days of March of 1982
we had all the Jesuit provincials in
Rome then the final day of that meeting
we had an audience with the Pope just a
few months before in October we we
thought he might have been ready to
decide to go on your finish you know
that it did the souther Society was so
bad so between October and this February
did something terrific happen so now he
gives us this terrific talk which
literally shocked us it was so positive
he thanked the Jesuits he thanked us the
general assistance the beloved father
who pray the revered father who pray and
then he ran through a history of the
society which was incredible
so we should know what happened there
the Pope said to them john paul ii said
to to father desert i had been led to
believe that when my decision to appoint
deads and PTL became public they would
be open rebellion in the Society of
Jesus superiors would leave Jesuits
would be running to the press they would
be chaos
that I had been led to believe that and
it never happened
not a single person budged nobody left
so he said those people were wrong
father root they was right father root
they said the chariots will obey you can
tell him the jailers will obey or who
pray was right he knew the Jesuits john
paul ii and the men he was counting on
they did not know the Jesuits that was
really a key moment of the whole thing I
had been led to believe he had changed
completely from really ready to condemn
us ready to suppressants again to one
now of extolling us praising us and
hoping we would go on
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