DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE REASONING | TAGLISH
Summary
TLDRToday's topic delves into deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning starts with general premises and applies them to specific situations, using established truths to draw conclusions, exemplified by prime numbers and human muscles. Inductive reasoning, conversely, builds general conclusions from specific observations, like numbers divisible by five or cats hissing at someone. The video provides clear examples to differentiate between the two, such as a student's major or the condition of houses on a street, emphasizing the logical structures behind each.
Takeaways
- đ Deductive reasoning involves starting with general premises and applying them to a specific situation to reach a conclusion.
- đ In deductive reasoning, conclusions are proven right by using rules, laws, theories, and widely accepted truths.
- đ An example of deductive reasoning is concluding that a number is odd because it's a prime number other than 2.
- đ The transcript uses the example of drafting majors to illustrate how deductive reasoning can be applied to a specific scenario involving Alex and a building plan.
- đ Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and uses them to form general conclusions, which is the opposite of deductive reasoning.
- đą The transcript provides an example of inductive reasoning with numbers ending in 5 or 0 being divisible by 5.
- đ± Another inductive example is concluding that all cats might hate someone because multiple cats have hissed at them.
- đšâđ§ The transcript discusses how observing students' behaviors can lead to the general conclusion that they are studying welding and fabrication.
- đ„ The example of chairs being red in different rooms is used to demonstrate inductive reasoning and its general nature.
- âïž Deductive reasoning is shown with examples such as a football player's weight and the mortality of humans, where specific cases lead to general conclusions.
- đż The script concludes with a deductive reasoning example about plants performing photosynthesis, linking a specific plant to a broader category.
Q & A
What is deductive reasoning?
-Deductive reasoning is a method of reasoning where one starts with general ideas called premises and applies them to a specific situation. It uses rules, laws, theories, and other widely accepted truths to prove that a conclusion is correct.
Can you provide an example of deductive reasoning from the script?
-Yes, an example given is: 'All prime numbers are odd; 2 is a prime number.' From these premises, the conclusion is '2 is an odd number.'
What is the difference between the premises and the conclusion in deductive reasoning?
-In deductive reasoning, premises are the general statements or facts from which the conclusion is derived. The conclusion is the specific statement that logically follows from the premises.
How does the example with Alex and the drafting major illustrate deductive reasoning?
-The example states that 'the drafting major class was designed to draw a plan for a new building' and 'Alex draws a plan for a new building.' Since Alex is also a student, the conclusion is 'Alex is a drafting major.'
What is inductive reasoning?
-Inductive reasoning is a method of reasoning where one observes specific instances and uses them to form a general conclusion. It is the opposite of deductive reasoning, starting from particular premises to reach a broad idea.
Can you provide an example of inductive reasoning from the script?
-Yes, an example given is observing that '25 is divisible by 5' and '30 is divisible by 5,' and then generalizing that 'numbers ending in five or zero are divisible by five.'
How does the script differentiate between deductive and inductive reasoning?
-The script differentiates by showing that deductive reasoning starts with general premises and applies them to a specific case, while inductive reasoning starts with specific observations and forms a general conclusion.
What is the conclusion in the example about the chairs in the house?
-The conclusion is 'all the chairs in the house are red,' which is reached by observing that chairs in the living room, dining room, and bedroom are red.
Why is the example about the chairs considered inductive reasoning?
-It is considered inductive reasoning because the conclusion is a general statement about all chairs in the house based on observing that specific chairs in different rooms are red.
What is the conclusion in the example about Ray being a football player?
-The conclusion is 'Ray must weigh more than 170 pounds' because all other football players on the high school team weigh more than 170 pounds.
Why is the example about Ray considered deductive reasoning?
-It is considered deductive reasoning because it starts with the general premise that all football players on the team weigh more than 170 pounds and applies it to the specific case of Ray, concluding that he must also weigh more than 170 pounds.
Outlines
đ Deductive and Inductive Reasoning Explained
This paragraph introduces the concepts of deductive and inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is a logical process where one starts with general premises and applies them to a specific situation to reach a conclusion. The paragraph uses examples such as 'all prime numbers are odd' and 'all humans have muscles' to illustrate how specific instances are derived from broader truths. In contrast, inductive reasoning is described as a method that uses specific observations to form general conclusions, as demonstrated by the example of numbers ending in 5 or 0 being divisible by 5. The paragraph also presents a scenario involving a drafting major class to further clarify deductive reasoning, and a personal anecdote about cats to exemplify inductive reasoning.
đ Further Examples of Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
The second paragraph delves deeper into deductive and inductive reasoning with additional examples. It challenges the listener to identify whether examples provided are deductive or inductive. For instance, the paragraph discusses the color of chairs in different rooms of a house (inductive) and the weight of a football player based on the average weight of his team (deductive). It also includes a humorous example about the mortality of humans and a botanical example involving plants and photosynthesis. The paragraph concludes with a prompt for the audience to apply these reasoning methods to everyday situations and ends with a call to action for likes, subscriptions, and shares.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄDeductive Reasoning
đĄInductive Reasoning
đĄPremises
đĄConclusion
đĄSpecific Observations
đĄGeneral Conclusions
đĄLogical Fallacy
đĄMajor Class
đĄLiving Tissue
đĄDivisibility
Highlights
Deductive reasoning starts with general ideas and applies them to specific situations.
Deductive reasoning uses widely accepted truths to prove conclusions.
Example of deductive reasoning: All prime numbers are odd, 2 is a prime number, therefore 2 is odd.
Another deductive example: All humans have muscles, all muscles are made of living tissue, thus all humans are made of living tissue.
Inductive reasoning uses specific observations to reach general conclusions.
Inductive reasoning is the opposite of deductive, starting from particular premises to a broad idea.
Example of inductive reasoning: If 25 and 30 are divisible by 5, then numbers ending in 5 or 0 are divisible by 5.
Inductive reasoning example with cats: If a neighbor's cat and cats at a pet store hiss, it's concluded that all cats might hate the speaker.
Inductive reasoning in a college setting: If students in a class buy steel and carry grinders, they might be studying welding and fabrication.
Deductive reasoning example with a football player: If all football players weigh more than 170 pounds and Ray is a football player, then Ray must weigh more than 170 pounds.
Deductive reasoning about mortality: Since all humans are mortal and I am a human, I am mortal.
Deductive reasoning about plants: If all plants perform photosynthesis and Khakti is a plant, then Khakti performs photosynthesis.
Inductive reasoning about house conditions: If every house on South Street is falling apart and Shelly lives there, her house is probably falling apart.
Inductive reasoning about chairs: If chairs in different rooms are red, it's concluded that all chairs in the house are red.
The importance of distinguishing between deductive and inductive reasoning for logical conclusions.
Thank you for listening and an invitation to like, subscribe, and share the video for more updates.
Transcripts
hello everyone
our topic for today is all about
deductive and inductive
reasoning so deductive and inductive
reasoning
deductive reasoning is requires one to
start with a few general ideas
called premises and apply them to a
specific situation
recognize rules laws theories and other
widely accepted truths
are used to prove that the conclusion is
right
example all prime numbers
are odd 2 is a prime number
at this portion you will get these are
premises
so you will get the subject here
and the predicate here
and combined therefore tu
is an odd number so that's is all about
deductive reasoning another
all muscles are made out of living
fishes
all humans are have muscles then
get the subject in the second premise
and then get the predicate in the
first premise and combine all humans are
made up
or made out of living tissue
the drafting major class was designed
to draw a plan for a new building alex
draw plan for new building and alex is
also a student
if alex is a student and he draws plan
for new building
what would be the conclusion
in the portion of alex it was written
that alex draw
plan for the new building the drafting
majors
major class was assigned to develop land
for the new building so alice in the
nation
so we will cut or we will
terminate this part and then this part
and alex is also a student
therefore alex is a drafting major
now let's proceed to inductive reasoning
so inductive listening is more on
general sopana in general
uses a set of specific observations to
reach out
over arching conclusions it is
the opposite of deductive listening so a
few
particular premises create a pattern
which gives
us our way to a broad idea so the idea
is too broad
that is likely true so for instance
25 is divisible by 5 and 30 is divisible
by
5. looking to the given 30 and 25
are both divisible by
5. in general if we will conclude this
the last two numbers in 25 and 30 are
five
and zero so we can conclude that those
numbers ends in five and zero are bo
are divisible by five let's see
both numbers ending in zero or five are
divisible
by so that's how we conclude in
inductive reasoning
it is broad it's general
another my neighbors cat he says me
daily
at the pet store all cats he's
at me
in east therefore there might be
a conclusion that all cats probably hate
me
because they hiss them uh he's him or
her
so um for this part the general
conflation is all cats probably
hate me okay
another in mpc there are
students mpc is a college uh
name for let's say um
it's a it is a college name okay
so there are students who studying
welding and fabrication
so alan most of the time bought steels
for his requirement in his class and jen
always
have grinder in his bag if alan most
of the time brought steels and jen
always have been there in his bag
what will be the conclusion so the
conclusion might be
both alan and jan are studying welding
and fabrication
alan steele
welding and fabrication so the
conclusion is too general
okay it is too general therefore it is
inductive
reasoning i give you more examples
the chair in the living room is red so
let's determine this example if they are
deductive or inductive reasoning based
on their accomplishment
the chair in the living room is red the
chair in the dining room is red the
chair in the bedroom is red
therefore all the chairs in the house
are red what is your conclude
what do you think what type of reasoning
will be this example
correct so that is inductive reasoning
because the
the uh conclusions or the conclusion
rather is
general rey is a football player all the
other football players on the high
school team
weigh more than 170 pounds therefore ray
must
weigh more than 170 pounds
so what do you think is this so this
is a deductive reasoning sorry
um might work
weight uh more than 170 pounds because
he
is a football player practically every
house in the south street
is falling sure shelly lives on the
south street so
the conclusion her house is probably
falling apart
so what type of prisoning correct that
is deductive reasoning
since all humans are mortal and i am a
human
therefore i am immortal
correct so that is a deductive reasoning
cathy are plants and all plants perform
photosynthesis therefore
khakti perform photosynthesis correct
so that is
a deductive reasoning
correct all right so that that's all
about deductive and inductive
reasoning lesson with that thank you
very much for listening don't forget to
hit
the like button below subscribe and
share this video for more updates bye
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