Process States | Process State Transition Diagram

Summary

This video from 'Making It Simple' series delves into the process states in operating systems, explaining the lifecycle of a process from creation to termination. It outlines the five primary states: New, Ready, Running, Waiting/Blocked, and Terminated, detailing how processes transition between these states. The video also touches on additional states like Suspend Waiting and Suspend Ready, which are used to manage processes when memory is limited. Aimed at providing a clear understanding of process state transitions, the video invites viewers to engage with comments and suggestions.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The video discusses the process states in an operating system, detailing the lifecycle from creation to termination.
• 🆕 A process is initially in the 'new' state when it's created but not yet in main memory.
• 🟢 Once the process is loaded into main memory, it transitions to the 'ready' state, waiting for CPU assignment.
• 🏃‍♂️ The 'running' state is when the CPU begins executing the process's instructions line by line.
• 🔄 A process can move back to the 'ready' state if preempted by a higher priority process or after completing a time quantum.
• ⏸ The 'waiting or block' state occurs when a process requires I/O operations or other events that the CPU cannot wait for.
• 🔄 Processes in the 'waiting' state are in a queue and must return to 'ready' before they can be scheduled for execution again.
• 🏁 The 'terminated' state signifies the end of a process's lifecycle, where it's removed from main memory and its structure is deleted.
• 🔄 Additional states like 'suspend wait' and 'suspend ready' are used to manage processes when the waiting or ready queues are full.
• 💾 Processes in 'suspend wait' or 'suspend ready' are moved to secondary memory to free up space in main memory.
• 🔄 The video concludes by encouraging viewers to engage with the content, ask questions, and subscribe for more informative videos.

Q & A

What are the five primary states in the process life cycle?

The five primary states in the process life cycle are: New, Ready, Running, Waiting or Block, and Terminated.

What happens when a process is in the 'New' state?

In the 'New' state, a process is just created. This occurs when a program is executed and the operating system picks it up from secondary memory to place it in main memory (RAM).

What is the significance of the 'Ready' state in a process's life cycle?

The 'Ready' state signifies that the process has entered main memory and is prepared for execution. It waits in the ready queue until the CPU is assigned to it for execution.

Can you explain the 'Running' state and how a process can transition back to the 'Ready' state from it?

The 'Running' state is when the CPU starts executing the process. A process can transition back to the 'Ready' state if it is preempted by a higher priority process or if it has completed its time quantum in a time-sharing system.

What causes a process to move to the 'Waiting or Block' state?

A process moves to the 'Waiting or Block' state when it requires an input/output operation or another event that the CPU cannot wait for, thus stopping the execution of the process.

How does a process transition from the 'Waiting or Block' state back to the 'Ready' state?

After completing the required input/output operation or event, a process in the 'Waiting or Block' state moves to the 'Ready' state, where it is scheduled for execution again.

What is the final state of a process called, and what happens during this state?

The final state of a process is called 'Terminated'. During this state, the process structure and the process control block are deleted, and the process is terminated by the operating system.

What are the additional states of a process mentioned in the script, and why are they necessary?

The additional states mentioned are 'Suspend Wait' and 'Suspend Ready'. They are necessary to manage processes when the main memory's waiting queue or ready queue is full, allowing processes to be temporarily moved to secondary memory.

How does a process in 'Suspend Wait' state get back to the 'Ready' state?

A process in the 'Suspend Wait' state first goes back to the 'Wait' state once its I/O operation is completed. From there, it moves to the 'Ready' state to be scheduled for execution again.

What is the role of the 'Suspend Ready' state in managing process queues?

The 'Suspend Ready' state is used when the ready queue is full, and a high-priority process needs to be added. Low-priority processes are moved to 'Suspend Ready' in secondary memory to make space, and they return to the 'Ready' queue when space becomes available.

Can a process in 'Suspend Wait' go directly to 'Suspend Ready' if the 'Wait' queue is still full?

Yes, if a process in 'Suspend Wait' completes its I/O operation and the 'Wait' queue is still full, it can directly go to 'Suspend Ready' and then to 'Ready' when space is available.