Battery driven Electric vehicle with regenerative Braking operation | Electric vehicle Simulation |
Summary
TLDRThis video tutorial explores a Matlab simulation model for a battery-driven electric vehicle with regenerative braking. It covers the model's components like the battery, bidirectional DC-DC converter, and DC motor, controlled by a speed control method with a PID controller. The simulation demonstrates energy regeneration during braking, where the DC motor acts as a generator, sending energy back to the battery. The tutorial also shows how the system responds to speed changes, illustrating the increase in battery SOC and voltage due to regenerative braking.
Takeaways
- 🔋 The simulation model demonstrates the operation of a battery-driven electric vehicle using regenerative braking in MATLAB.
- ⚡ The setup consists of a battery, bi-directional DC-DC converter, and a DC motor, with speed control managed by a PID controller.
- 🚗 During motoring, the battery supplies power to the DC motor, but during braking, the energy is reversed and stored in the battery.
- 🔄 Regenerative braking converts the motor's negative torque into energy, which is then sent back to the battery, reversing the current flow.
- 📊 The system measures and tracks key metrics like battery voltage, current, state of charge (SOC), motor speed, and torque.
- 🏎 The initial speed is set at 120 radians per second, with a constant torque of 10 Newton meters during motoring operation.
- 🔧 In the simulation, the speed is reduced from 120 to 50 radians per second to simulate the regenerative braking process.
- 🔋 When braking is applied, the DC motor acts as a generator, and the current direction changes from positive to negative as energy flows back to the battery.
- 🔍 The simulation demonstrates how the SOC of the battery increases during regenerative braking, and the voltage also rises due to energy being transferred back to the battery.
- 🔔 The video concludes by explaining how regenerative braking helps improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles and invites viewers to subscribe to the channel for more content.
Q & A
What components are included in the electric vehicle model discussed in the script?
-The model consists of a battery, bi-directional DC-DC converter, and a DC motor, with the battery controlled via a speed control method.
How does the regenerative braking system work in this model?
-During braking, the energy from the DC motor is reversed and stored in the battery through the bi-directional DC-DC converter. The current direction reverses when the speed is reduced.
What role does the PID controller play in the system?
-The PID controller compares the speed of the DC motor with a reference value and processes the signal to generate the appropriate pulse to control the MOSFET and motor operation.
What happens to the current during regenerative braking?
-During regenerative braking, the current direction reverses, and the motor generates power that is stored in the battery. This changes the current from a positive value to a negative one.
What changes occur in the battery's state of charge (SOC) during braking?
-The SOC of the battery increases during regenerative braking as energy is stored back into the battery.
How is the reference speed manipulated in the model?
-The reference speed is initially set to 120 radians per second. After a set time, it is reduced to 50 radians per second to simulate braking and observe the regenerative process.
What is the rated voltage and speed of the DC motor used in the simulation?
-The DC motor is rated at 240 volts with a rated speed of 10,750 RPM and 5 horsepower (HP).
How does the torque behave during the motoring and braking operations?
-During motoring, the torque is maintained at around 10-11 Nm. During braking, the torque switches to a negative value, indicating energy regeneration.
What happens to the battery voltage during regenerative braking?
-The battery voltage increases during regenerative braking as the motor returns energy to the battery.
What is the purpose of simulating the model at different speed conditions?
-Simulating at different speeds, especially with braking scenarios, helps demonstrate the concept of energy regeneration and how the system stores energy back into the battery.
Outlines
🔋 Introduction to Battery-Driven Electric Vehicles with Regenerative Braking
The video introduces the concept of battery-driven electric vehicles, focusing on the regenerative braking operation using a simulation model in Matlab. The model includes a battery, a bi-directional DC-DC converter, and a DC motor. The speed of the DC motor is controlled through a PID controller, and the bi-directional converter manages power flow between the motor and battery during motoring and braking operations. During braking, the direction of the current reverses, storing energy back into the battery. This allows the vehicle to recover energy when reducing speed, with the converter facilitating this process.
🚗 Simulating Motoring Operation and Regenerative Braking
The simulation tracks the motor's speed, torque, battery voltage, and current. Initially, the motor operates at a constant speed of 120 radians per second, drawing power from the battery. When the brake is applied, the speed is reduced, causing the DC motor to act as a generator. The energy generated during this braking process is stored in the battery. The simulation shows a shift in current and torque, confirming the regenerative process. The battery's state of charge (SOC) increases as power is fed back, demonstrating the system’s ability to capture and store energy during braking.
🔄 Regeneration Effects on Battery SOC and Voltage
In this section, the impact of regenerative braking on the battery is examined in detail. The current in the battery changes from positive to negative, indicating that energy is being returned to the battery. The SOC of the battery increases as the energy generated during braking is stored. The video also highlights how the voltage across the battery increases during the regeneration process. This regenerative braking operation showcases the efficiency of electric vehicles in energy recovery, ensuring longer battery life and improved vehicle performance. The video ends with a call to subscribe for more content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Battery
💡DC-DC Converter
💡DC Motor
💡Regenerative Braking
💡PID Controller
💡State of Charge (SOC)
💡Bidirectional
💡Speed Control
💡Torque
💡Reference Speed
Highlights
Introduction of a battery-driven electric vehicle with daily generative braking operation using MATLAB simulation.
The simulation model includes a battery, bi-directional DC-DC converter, and DC motor with speed control via a PID controller.
During braking, the energy generated by the negative electromagnetic torque is stored in the battery using a bi-directional DC-DC converter.
The current direction reverses during braking as energy is transferred back to the battery, demonstrating regenerative braking.
The DC motor speed is controlled by comparing it to a reference speed, which is maintained by the PID controller.
During motoring operation, the battery supplies power to the DC motor, and during braking, the current flow reverses.
A detailed explanation of a 240-volt, 5-horsepower DC motor with a rated speed of 10,750 RPM and a 10 Newton-meter load.
Battery voltage decreases as power is supplied to the electric motor, with current draw measured at 27.5 amps.
Simulation shows the motor maintaining a constant speed of 120 rad/s and a torque of 10 Newton-meters during motoring.
In regenerative braking mode, the reference speed is reduced from 120 rad/s to 50 rad/s, showing the motor's response.
Regeneration occurs when the machine transitions to generator mode, reversing current flow to charge the battery.
Current changes from 11 amps during motoring to -20 amps during braking, demonstrating the regenerative process.
Electromagnetic torque changes from 11 Newton-meters to -20 Newton-meters during regeneration, indicating energy recovery.
The state of charge (SOC) of the battery increases during braking as energy is returned from the motor.
Battery voltage also rises during regeneration, confirming energy recovery through the regenerative braking system.
Transcripts
hi viewers welcome to another solution
today we are going to see about the
battery and driven electric vehicle with
daily generative braking operation
Concept in Matlab so this is a
simulation model we are created for a
so this model consists of battery
biodational dc-dc converter
then
DC motor okay
and this
battery converter will be controlled by
means of
speed control method so here we are
measuring the
speed of the
DC motor
so this DC motor speed will be compared
with the reference pin okay then it will
be process we have PID controller
and it will be
after PhD controller the PVD controller
visited the
when we process via
this pyrolium generator so this video
RAM generator will be generated the
pulse so this pulse when we used to
first drive this to master
so we're going to be driving that to uh
to mosfet not to
Supply the power from the battery to
a DC motor during motoring operation
okay
during breaking during breaking some
energy will be
reversed right some power will be
reversed in the DC motor so that will be
stored in the battery
so during that time the current
direction will be in the reverse
Direction okay so that will happen when
we are going to reduce the speed right
for example consider you drive the
vehicle okay so we are going to increase
the oscillator right so it will be the
speed of the electric vehicle will be
increase and if you are going to
maintain around
80 kilometer
okay so during your window please
certain uh break in the electric vehicle
so what will happen that there will be a
a torque in the negative Direction okay
so that need to be stored in the battery
so that can be possible by means of this
bi-directional dc-dc converter
Arrangement okay so when you are
applying the break right so whatever
energy stored in that machine right then
going to be returned back to that
battery so via this is a converter so
during that time during this ah that
will uh during forward motoring
condition right Forum not forward
motoring during a drain condition right
when speed increase in condition right
so battery will be Supply the power to
the
this DC motor during operating braking
right so whatever energy is stored
because of that negative electro
magnetic torque right so that will be
stored in the battery so during that
time current Direction only will be
changed okay
so and also when you have to look from
this side right so it will be active
here boost converter when we are going
to look in this direction it will be
back to CM boost converter so we can
call this converter arrangement I think
but the bi-directional bug booster
converter arrangement
okay and I'm going to explain here right
here we have the battery right battery
voltage we are considered as 60 and
reacted capacity is folded 400 H then
Battery Source is 50 percentage so this
is a machine here we are having so here
we are using 240 volt machine
with rated speed of 10750 RPM and 300
Volta a DC motor and rated power is 5 HP
okay and then here we are pulling loader
is 10 Newton meter
and then here we have a reference speed
condition so initially I'm going to
operate the motor at a constant speed
right so I am not changing any speed in
this machine so I'm going to show the
result of the battery voltage current
and SOC and then I am going to show the
result of the speed of the
electric vehicle at the speed of the
machine alternating machine or DC motor
any
[Music]
speed reference okay
and also I am going to show that
tracking of
speed also okay
and then this is a voltage across the
term machine
so first I am going to simulate this one
and then
we will check the results
so now we can see here right
so reference midi here we are fixed at
120 so it will be track the interrupting
speed after 1.5 seconds okay so this
voltage across that DC machine is around
150 volt
and then so here you can see here right
see this is the battery
voltage and then battery current and the
battery Associated the battery sources
keep on decreasing because of
uh battery supplying power to the
electric motor okay and then is the
current is taken from the battery is
around
[Music]
27.5 amps and here again the speed of
the machine is maintained at 120 radian
per second and then the torque of the
machine is maintained into 10 Newton
meter because Slaughter we are
maintained six to term 10 Newton Newton
so so here you can see that thread so it
made an attack around the
11 Newton meter and then current of the
machine is around
11 between so 11 amps okay so this is
for like a farm motoring condition or
motoring operation so now I am going to
check the condition that means we are
going to
apply the brake right so here in order
to create that regeneration concept so
first I am going to maintain the
reference speed equal to 120 radius per
second
after Samsung inside I'm going to change
the speed from 120 to 80 per seconds to
around 50 radius per second okay and
then we have to check the other changes
in the system so how the machine will be
react when we are going to apply the
brake right Supply the break in the
scenes we are going to apply them
uh that means we are reducing the speed
of the machine right so during the time
so how the machine will be hacked and
then how the energy will be transferred
from the machine into the battery like
the Regeneration concept right so here
I'm into make that
the reference speed from after 2 seconds
right so initially it will be run at 120
newton so I want to delete it per second
and then after that it can be changed to
50 rating per seconds okay
and then uh I'm going to make small uh
that will we are creating that uh
breaking right that mean reducing a
speed of the machine reference speed
from 120 to 50 up to 2 seconds so I'm
going to take
another
0.05 seconds time so that means that
that regeneration will be you can see ah
slightly right within a second so okay
so that's why I'm making the time so I
am going to simulate this same model
and then I am going to explain the
detail with the how the tree generation
happen in this system while we are
reducing the speed
so now we can see here right so this
changes
here you can see that the speed is speed
references change it here but because of
change in remote speed the speed is
reducing here right so in this position
you can see right right
so this is reference speed the blue
clear is actual script because of change
in reference field the actual speed
application also try to reduce right so
you can see that reduction up to its
feet okay so now you can see that
because of detection of that uh speed
command the voltage of the
voltage across the motor also going to
change right and also here you can see
the change in the speed of case speed is
releasing and then here you can see that
variation of
here you can easily understand that okay
so now you can see that right the
current of the
DC machine or DC motor this comes to
minus 20 amps so here when you are going
to apply the break that so what happened
that it will be going to be accessing
generator right that machine DC machine
is going back to the generator so that's
why the current is changed from 10 11
amps to minus 20 amps it comes to here
and also you can see the electromagnetic
of the machine so it changed from 11
Newton meter to minus 20 Newton meter so
this is known as a regeneration right so
because of regeneration how that energy
will be
back to that battery so here you can see
here right I'm going to zoom
this area so you will see that detail
so now we can see here right that that
battery current right so this battery
current is changed from 27.5 amps to
minus around minus
18 amps right so this is because of this
regeneration right the water energy is
generated during breaking right so that
will be sent to that battery so and also
I am going to expand that SOC okay so
you will see that
now we can see that right the soc of the
battery is increasing so because of that
regeneration power it will regeneration
energy because of the break even
breaking that so the soc of the battery
also going to be increasing okay
and also I need to check that voltage
also so because of applying voltage so
we need to check the voltage whether
voltage increasing around here you can
see the voltage of the battery also
increasing because of Ray Gentry
generation right
because of the day regenerative braking
okay so this is happen when uh that will
region tree clicking concept of training
the electric vehicle so whenever you are
going to apply the brake so that during
that break water energy in that machines
are that will be returned back to that
battery okay so this is known as
regenerative operation of the electric
vehicle so this is battery driving
electric vehicle with with the
Regeneration concept so thanks thanks
for watching our videos kindly subscribe
Channel and also click the Bell icon for
notification for upcoming videos thank
you thank you so much bye bye
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