Pendidikan Zaman Kolonial di Indonesia

Direktorat KS PS dan Tendik Kemendikbud Ristek

9 Apr 202103:09

Summary

TLDRThis video script explores the evolution of Indonesian education from colonial times to the present. It begins with the establishment of county schools in 1854, aimed at educating future officials. The script then discusses the emergence of Bumiputera schools in the same year, which offered basic literacy and numeracy to support Dutch trade endeavors. The Dutch government later allowed some Javanese elites to pursue higher education, leading to a new vision for radical educational change in the 1920s. The script highlights the birth of Tamansiswa in Yogyakarta in 1922, symbolizing the gateway to national independence and cultural freedom.

Takeaways

📜 Education in Indonesia during colonial times was initiated by local leaders in 1854.
🏫 Initially, schools were established by regional leaders to educate future government employees.
👨‍🏫 In the same year, Bumiputera schools were created, but they only had three classes.
✍️ The general population was taught basic reading, writing, and arithmetic only as necessary for supporting trade.
💼 Dutch colonial authorities allowed Javanese candidates, including doctors, to receive education.
❓ The reason for this selective education policy was not fully explained.
🎓 By 1920, there was a growing aspiration for radical changes in education.
🏛️ In 1922, Tamansiswa was founded in Yogyakarta, representing a vision for freedom and national independence.
🇮🇩 Tamansiswa symbolized the people's spirit for independence and cultural freedom.
📚 The video serves as an introduction to further discuss Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational philosophy.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the history of education in Indonesia during the colonial era and its reflection on the journey of Indonesian education from the colonial period to the present.
In what year did some Bupati initiate the establishment of district schools?
-The Bupati initiated the establishment of district schools in 1854.
What was the purpose of the schools established by the Bupati in 1854?
-The schools established by the Bupati in 1854 were intended to educate prospective civil servants.
What was the status of the Bumiputera schools that were born in the same year as the district schools?
-The Bumiputera schools had only three classes and were limited to teaching basic literacy and numeracy, primarily to support their roles as assistants in trade.
What did the Dutch colonial government allow for prospective directors and Javanese doctors in terms of education?
-The Dutch colonial government provided some leeway for prospective directors and Javanese doctors to obtain education and training.
What significant event occurred in 1920 that touched on the topic of education?
-In 1920, a new aspiration emerged, dreaming of radical changes in education and teaching.
When and where was Tamansiswa established, and what was its significance?
-Tamansiswa was established in 1922 in Yogyakarta. It was significant as a golden gate to independence and the freedom of the nation's culture.
What role did Tamansiswa play in the context of the Indonesian people's struggle for independence?
-Tamansiswa served as the soul of the people in their struggle for independence and freedom.
What is the purpose of this video in relation to the second video about the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara?
-This video serves as an introduction leading to the second video, which will discuss the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
What does the phrase 'salam dan bahagia' mean and how does it relate to the video's message?
-The phrase 'salam dan bahagia' translates to 'peace and happiness' in English, and it relates to the video's message by conveying a sense of well-wishing and hope for a better future through education.

Outlines

00:00

📚 Introduction to Colonial Education in Indonesia

The video script begins with a greeting and introduces the topic of colonial-era education in Indonesia. It sets the stage for a reflection on the historical journey of Indonesian education from colonial times to the present. The script mentions the establishment of district schools in 1854 by several regents, which were primarily for educating prospective civil servants. It also notes the creation of 'Bumiputera' schools in the same year, which had only three classes and provided basic literacy and numeracy education to the public, mainly to train assistants for supporting Dutch trade efforts. The Dutch government allowed prospective directors and Javanese doctors some educational freedom, but it's hinted that there was a desire for more radical changes in education.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Education

Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. In the context of the video, it refers to the historical development of the educational system in Indonesia, particularly during the colonial era. The script mentions the initiation of schools by local leaders in 1854, indicating the beginning of formal education aimed at training civil servants.

💡Colonial Era

The colonial era refers to the period when a country is under the control of a foreign power. In the script, this term is used to describe the time when Indonesia was under Dutch rule, and the educational system was designed to serve the colonial administration, often excluding the native population from advanced education.

💡Bupati

Bupati is a term used in Indonesia for a regent or a local government official. In the video script, it is mentioned that Bupati initiated the establishment of district schools in 1854, highlighting the role of local authorities in the early stages of educational development during the colonial period.

💡Bumiputera

Bumiputera refers to the native or indigenous people of a region, particularly in Southeast Asia. In the script, the term is used to describe the schools that were established for the native population, which were limited in scope and primarily aimed at teaching basic literacy and numeracy, reflecting the colonial policy of educational segregation.

💡Pendidikan

Pendidikan is the Indonesian word for 'education.' The script uses this term to discuss the journey of education in Indonesia, emphasizing the transformation from colonial-era education to a more inclusive and independent system that serves the needs of the Indonesian people.

💡Pembantu

Pembantu translates to 'assistant' or 'helper' in English. In the context of the video, it refers to the role that the native population was educated to play, primarily to support the commercial endeavors of the colonial powers. This term underscores the limited and utilitarian nature of education provided to the indigenous people during the colonial era.

💡Hindia Belanda

Hindia Belanda refers to the Dutch East Indies, the name used for the Dutch colonial territories in Southeast Asia, including present-day Indonesia. The script mentions that the Dutch government provided some educational opportunities for select native individuals, such as future directors and doctors, but these opportunities were limited and served the colonial administration's interests.

💡Tamansiswa

Tamansiswa, established in Yogyakarta in 1922, was a significant institution that aimed to foster national consciousness and cultural freedom. The script highlights Tamansiswa as a 'golden gate' to independence and cultural freedom, indicating its role in the Indonesian independence movement and the development of a national educational philosophy.

💡Ki Hajar Dewantara

Ki Hajar Dewantara was an influential Indonesian educator and philosopher who played a pivotal role in the development of modern Indonesian education. The script refers to him as a key figure whose educational philosophy is central to understanding the evolution of education in Indonesia beyond the colonial era.

💡Merdeka

Merdeka is an Indonesian word meaning 'independence.' The script uses this term to express the aspiration for educational and cultural independence from colonial influences. It is mentioned in the context of the video as a goal for the Indonesian people, reflecting the broader struggle for self-determination and the development of an education system that serves the nation's interests.

💡Filosofi Pendidikan

Filosofi Pendidikan translates to 'philosophy of education' in English. The script suggests that the video will delve into the educational philosophies that have shaped Indonesian education, particularly those that emerged in the post-colonial period and that emphasize national identity and cultural values.

Highlights

Introduction to the historical context of colonial era education in Indonesia.

In 1854, regents initiated the establishment of district schools, but only for educating prospective civil servants.

The same year saw the birth of Bumiputera schools with only three classes.

The general public was only taught basic literacy and numeracy to serve as assistants in supporting their trade endeavors.

The Dutch colonial government provided some flexibility for prospective Javanese directors and doctors to receive education.

The emergence of a new aspiration in 1920, dreaming of radical changes in education and teaching.

In 1922, Tamansiswa was founded in Yogyakarta, symbolizing a golden gate to freedom and cultural independence.

Tamansiswa represented the spirit of the people striving for independence and freedom.

The video serves as an introduction to the second part, focusing on the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara.

Reflection on the journey of education in Indonesia from the colonial era to the present.

The limited educational opportunities for the native population during the colonial period.

The role of education in supporting the Dutch colonial government's trade interests.

The significance of the 1920s as a turning point for envisioning a radical transformation in education.

Tamansiswa's role as a beacon of hope for cultural and educational freedom.

The video's purpose as a precursor to exploring the educational philosophy of Ki Hajar Dewantara in more depth.

The call for viewers to reflect on whether true independence has been achieved in the realm of education.

The importance of understanding the historical development of education to appreciate its current state.