Foundation of Education | Historical Development of Philippine Education | Mary Joie Padron

Summary

In this educational video, the presenter discusses the historical foundation of education, focusing on sociological implications and the evolution of education. It explores how education systems have evolved from primitive times to modern societies, highlighting key historical periods like Greek, Roman, Arabic, Medieval, Renaissance, and Reformation education. The video also covers the development of the Philippine education system, from the pre-colonial era to post-colonial times, emphasizing the role of education in societal functions such as socialization, civic responsibility, and cultural preservation. The presentation delves into the importance of education in shaping democratic ideals, moral values, and national identity.

Takeaways

• 😀 Education serves as an institution created by society to ensure survival, stability, and convenience, shaping future generations through socialization.
• 😀 According to John Dewey, schools train children to become responsible members of society with a strong spirit of service and self-direction.
• 😀 Socialization in education involves learning societal roles, norms, values, and expectations, which are critical for societal participation.
• 😀 In primitive times, education focused on survival skills, moral conformity, and preserving cultural traditions, passed down informally by family and leaders.
• 😀 Ancient Greek education aimed to develop civic responsibility and well-rounded personalities, with Athens emphasizing holistic development and Sparta focusing on military training.
• 😀 Roman education mirrored Greek ideals but had a more practical focus, teaching civic responsibility, administrative skills, and military tactics.
• 😀 Arabic education centered around religious beliefs, especially Islam, while also advancing in science, mathematics, and medicine, contributing significantly to global knowledge.
• 😀 Medieval education focused on religious knowledge, social order, and preparing individuals for specific roles, influencing the structure of modern universities.
• 😀 The Renaissance promoted the study of classical Greek and Roman texts, emphasizing literary excellence, arts, and humanism as the foundation of education.
• 😀 The Reformation introduced universal education, emphasizing literacy for all and the importance of religious commitment, ensuring education was accessible to the masses.
• 😀 In the Philippines, education evolved from informal teaching during the pre-colonial period to a formalized system under Spanish and American rule, integrating democratic ideals, nationalism, and vocational training through various reforms over time.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of education as discussed in the video?

The main purpose of education, according to the video, is to assure the survival, stability, and convenience of society. Schools are created to train children to be active members of their society by instilling values, teaching roles, and promoting self-direction.

How does John Dewey view the role of schools in society?

John Dewey believes that schools introduce and train children to become members of a society, emphasizing the importance of a spirit of service and self-direction. If schools succeed in doing this, they help build a harmonious and worthy society.

What is socialization and how does it relate to education?

Socialization is the process of learning the roles, statuses, and values that each member of a society must adopt. It ensures cultural continuity and prepares individuals to function effectively in their social institutions. Schools are key agents of this socialization process.

What were the three main life skills taught during the primitive time?

During the primitive time, the three main life skills were: (1) security and survival, through the creation of tools and weapons; (2) conformity to moral codes; and (3) preservation and transmission of culture, especially through language.

How did the Greeks and Spartans differ in their educational goals and curriculum?

The Greeks aimed to cultivate well-rounded personalities through a curriculum that included reading, writing, math, and literary works, fostering holistic development. In contrast, the Spartans focused on military training, emphasizing songs, drills, and tactics to develop soldiers and military leaders.

What was the primary educational goal of the Romans?

The primary educational goal of the Romans was to develop civic responsibility to the republic and to prepare individuals with military and administrative skills. They focused on practical education, including reading, writing, law, and languages.

What were the key features of Arabic education during its peak?

Arabic education aimed to cultivate religious beliefs, particularly Islamic values, and develop expertise in math, science, and medicine. The curriculum included reading, writing, religion, and scientific studies, with notable contributions to mathematics, computation, and medicine.

What was the main focus of education during the Medieval period?

The main focus of education during the Medieval period was to develop religious commitment and knowledge of rituals, while establishing social order. Education emphasized philosophy, theology, craft, and chivalry.

How did the Renaissance influence education?

The Renaissance period emphasized the cultivation of humanists with expertise in classical literature. The curriculum focused on the classics, including Latin and Greek literature, and stressed the importance of literary knowledge, excellence, and style.

What significant educational changes occurred during the American period in the Philippines?

During the American period, free and compulsory elementary education was established through the Malolos Constitution. The Americans also introduced democratic ideals and restructured the educational system, including the creation of the Department of Public Instruction and the arrival of the Thomasites, who helped expand education in the Philippines.