DDIP | Landasan-landasan Pendidikan
Summary
TLDRThis educational video discusses the foundational principles of education, emphasizing religious, philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, legal, scientific, and economic bases. It highlights the integration of religious teachings in curriculums and the importance of adapting educational practices to societal needs and individual potential. The video also touches on the evolution of Indonesian education through colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence periods, stressing the role of education in shaping individuals capable of contributing to society.
Takeaways
- 📚 The foundation of education is based on various principles, including religious, philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, legal, scientific, and economic aspects.
- 🕌 The religious foundation emphasizes the role of faith in education, aligning with the national principle that religion is a basis for citizens' actions, and is reflected in the inclusion of religious education at all educational levels.
- 🎓 The philosophical foundation underpins curriculum development, influenced by educators' and policymakers' beliefs, shaping educational theories and practices, such as the choice between expository teaching methods based on empiricism.
- 📚 The historical foundation is crucial for understanding how education has evolved, from colonial to post-independence periods, each with distinct educational goals and approaches.
- 👥 The sociological foundation recognizes humans as social beings, emphasizing how education prepares individuals to live and contribute to society, both locally and globally.
- 🧠 The psychological foundation focuses on the individual's mind, motivation, interests, and talents, guiding educational practices to develop students' potential effectively.
- 🏛️ The cultural foundation involves preserving and transmitting cultural values and practices through education, while also adapting to new cultural developments.
- 📜 The legal foundation ensures that education is based on policies and regulations, such as the Indonesian Constitution and specific educational laws, which define the purpose and direction of education.
- 🔬 The scientific foundation is vital for staying current with knowledge in the field of education, as human learning and advancements in science, technology, and arts continuously evolve.
- 💼 The economic foundation influences decisions on educational policies and practices, aiming for effective and efficient use of resources to achieve educational goals.
Q & A
What are the foundational bases discussed in the script for developing education?
-The script discusses several foundational bases for developing education, including religious, philosophical, historical, sociological, psychological, cultural, legal, scientific, and economic bases.
How does the religious basis influence education according to the script?
-The religious basis is considered a fundamental aspect of education, aligning with the state's principles that religion is a basis for citizens' actions. This is reflected in the implementation of religious education at all educational levels.
What is the role of the philosophical basis in curriculum development?
-The philosophical basis underpins the development of curriculum and educational practices, shaping the theories and methods used by educators and policymakers.
Can you explain the historical basis's significance in education as mentioned in the script?
-The historical basis is significant as it provides insights into how education has evolved through different periods, such as colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence eras, each with distinct educational goals and approaches.
How does the sociological basis prepare individuals for societal life?
-The sociological basis emphasizes that humans are social beings who need others to thrive. It focuses on how educational activities prepare students to live and interact within various societal contexts.
What is the importance of the psychological basis in education as per the script?
-The psychological basis is crucial as it relates to understanding individual students' motivations, interests, and talents. It guides educational practices to develop students' potential effectively.
Why is the cultural basis essential in education?
-The cultural basis is essential because it encompasses values that need to be preserved and transmitted through education. It also considers the dynamic nature of culture, acknowledging the emergence of new cultural elements.
How does the legal basis shape education policies and practices?
-The legal basis ensures that education is conducted in accordance with established laws and regulations, such as the Indonesian Constitution, Pancasila, and specific educational laws, which guide the goals and implementation of education.
What role does the scientific basis play in education?
-The scientific basis is vital as it informs the knowledge and methodologies used in education, particularly in the field of educational science. It also recognizes the continuous evolution of knowledge, technology, and arts.
Why is the economic basis considered in educational decision-making?
-The economic basis is considered to ensure that educational policies and practices are effective and efficient, using resources wisely to achieve educational goals and maintain the sustainability of educational initiatives.
How does the script suggest implementing these educational foundations?
-The script suggests that these foundations should be considered simultaneously and integrated into the analysis and critique of educational policies and practices to ensure a holistic and effective educational system.
Outlines
📚 Foundations of Education
This paragraph discusses the fundamental bases of education, which serve as a benchmark for critically analyzing educational policies and practices. The first foundation is religious, aligning with the national principle that religion is the basis of citizens' actions. This is reflected in the implementation of religious education at all educational levels. The second foundation is philosophical, which underpins curriculum development and educational theories and practices. The paragraph gives an example of a teacher using a lecture method based on a philosophical stance that leans towards empiricism, assuming students lack sufficient prior knowledge. The third foundation is historical, emphasizing the importance of understanding the historical context of education, such as the differences between colonial, pre-independence, and post-independence periods in Indonesia.
🌐 Sociological and Psychological Foundations in Education
The paragraph continues with the sociological foundation, which is crucial because humans are social beings who need others to live and function within society. Education should prepare students for social life, considering how they will integrate into local, regional, or international communities. The psychological foundation is also highlighted, focusing on individual souls, their motivations, interests, and talents. Education must be based on psychological principles to develop students' potential effectively. The cultural foundation is mentioned as a basis for education because culture contains values that need to be passed on and maintained. It also acknowledges that culture is shaped by human needs and evolves over time. The legal or juridical foundation is tied to regulations and laws that govern education, such as the Indonesian Constitution, Pancasila, and specific educational laws and ministerial regulations. The paragraph concludes with the economic foundation, which influences decisions on educational policies and practices, aiming for effective and efficient use of resources to achieve educational goals.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Religious Foundation
💡Philosophical Foundation
💡Historical Foundation
💡Sociological Foundation
💡Psychological Foundation
💡Cultural Foundation
💡Legal Foundation
💡Scientific Foundation
💡Economic Foundation
💡Curriculum Integration
💡Educational Goals
Highlights
Religious foundation is based on human belief and aligns with the state principle that religion is the basis of every citizen's action.
Religious education is integrated into all levels of education, with religious content being a part of the curriculum.
Philosophical foundation underpins curriculum development based on educators' and policymakers' ideas.
Empiricism in educational philosophy suggests that learners start with insufficient prior knowledge, leading to the selection of expository learning theories.
Teachers use specific methods in practice, which are backed by theoretical and philosophical foundations.
Historical foundation is important as it considers the evolution of education from colonial to post-independence periods, each with distinct educational goals.
Sociological foundation is linked to the fact that humans are social beings and education prepares individuals to live in society.
Psychological foundation relates to individual souls, motivations, interests, and talents, which are essential in educational implementation.
Cultural foundation is the basis for education as it contains values to be preserved and passed on to future generations.
Legal or juridical foundation is related to regulations and policies that education must be based on, ensuring legality and policy alignment.
Economic foundation is the basis for deciding or implementing education policies and practices, ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in resource use.
Scientific and technological foundation is crucial for education as it is based on the ever-evolving knowledge in the field of education and learning.
Education should aim to develop the potential of learners, not just transfer knowledge, as stated in the educational policies.
The implementation of education should be based on a comprehensive consideration of all these foundations simultaneously.
The order of these foundations does not imply a hierarchy but rather a simultaneous consideration in educational policy and practice.
The economic foundation, while last in order, is essential for making effective and efficient decisions in education.
The goal of education, as per the legal foundation, is to develop the potential of learners, which should guide all educational activities.
Transcripts
Halo assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarokatuh jumpa lagi dengan usia Rahmi
kali ini kita akan bahas mengenai
landasan-landasan pendidikan landasan
pendidikan ini merupakan suatu Dasar
atau tumpuan dalam mengembangkan
pendidikan dasar-dasar ini dijadikan
sebagai patokan dalam melakukan analisis
kritis terhadap kaidah-kaidah dan
kenyataan yang terkait dengan kebijakan
dan praktek pendidikan landasan yang
pertama adalah landasan religius
landasan religius ini adalah landasan
yang berdasar kepada kepercayaan manusia
hal ini sesuai dengan dasar negara bahwa
agama menjadi dasar dalam setiap
tindak-tanduk warganegaranya Begitu juga
dengan
Khan juga harus berdasar kepada religius
penerapan landasan religius ini bisa
kita lihat dengan diterapkannya mata
pelajaran mata pelajaran agama di setiap
jenjang pendidikan kemudian setiap
materi pembelajaran itu pada dasarnya
bisa diintegrasikan dengan konten-konten
dari religius jadi setiap hal yang
dibahas dalam mata pelajaran dilandasi
oleh landasan-landasan agama landasan
berikutnya adalah landasan filosofis
landasan filosofis ini adalah landasan
yang mendasari pengembangan kurikulum
berdasarkan paham dari pendidik ataupun
pengambil kebijakan landasan filosofis
ini menjadi dasar dalam munculnya teori
munculnya praktek-praktek pendidikan
pada saat ke guru menggunakan metode
ceramah di dalam call
Hai pada dasarnya itu ada landasan
teorinya dan juga ada landasan
filosofisnya misalnya landasan
filosofisnya itu lebih cenderung kepada
empirisme beranggapan bahwa peserta
didik itu belum memiliki pengetahuan
awal yang cukup sehingga perlu
disuguhkan satu materi dengan landasan
seperti itu dipilihlah teori
pembelajaran yang sifatnya ekspositori
si guru yang mengekspos materi kepada
peserta didik Sehingga dalam praktek
pembelajarannya terlihat guru memberikan
ceramah secara praktek bisa dilihat
bahwa guru menggunakan metode tertentu
tetapi dibalik itu ada landasan teori
dan filsafatnya berikutnya landasan
historis landasan historis ini perlu
menjadi pertimbangan karena dari sejarah
Kita bisa belajar mulai dari kalau di
Indonesia misalnya pendidikan
kelompokkan menjadi pendidikan kolonial
pendidikan pra kemerdekaan dan pasca
kemerdekaan setiap tahapan itu setiap
periode itu memiliki ekor pendidikan
yang berbeda pada saat kolonial
pendidikan lebih diarahkan untuk
menciptakan lapangan kerja yang siap
pakai oleh para penjajah tapi pada saat
kemerdekaan sudah dicapai tentu tujuan
pendidikan akan berbeda bukan lagi
sekadar menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan
tetapi justru Bagaimana
individu-individu yang ada di negara ini
bisa berkontribusi untuk mempertahankan
kemerdekaan
Hai berikutnya landasan sosiologis
landasan sosiologis ini berkaitan Karena
manusia itu adalah makhluk sosial bahwa
manusia tidak bisa hidup sendiri dia
membutuhkan orang lain meskipun dia
memiliki banyak hal dalam hidupnya
mustahil dia tidak akan membutuhkan
orang lain dalam berbagai hal dengan
begitu landasan sosiologis ini menjadi
penting bagaimana aktivitas-aktivitas
nanti dalam pendidikan itu mempersiapkan
peserta didik atau individu tertentu
untuk hidup bermasyarakat karena nanti
pada saat setelah menempuh pendidikan
mereka akan terjun ke masyarakat
bagaimana nanti mereka berbaur di
lingkungan masyarakat lingkungan
masyarakat lokal regional ataupun
internasional berikutnya landasan
psikologis landasan psikologis ini
terkait dengan hal yang melekat pada
jiwa individu-individu tertentu memiliki
motivasi
Hai Belajar seperti apa bagaimana
ketertarikannya minat dan bakat jadi
setiap pelaksanaan pendidikan mesti
berdasar kepada landasan psikologis
karena yang kita kembangkan itu adalah
potensi dari individu-individu siswa
karena kita mengembangkan potensi
individu manusia jadi perlu kita ketahui
Bagaimana kejiwaannya bagaimana cara
belajarnya hal-hal seperti itu yang
perlu menjadi dasar dalam pelaksanaan
pendidikan berikutnya landasan budaya
landasan budaya ini menjadi dasar dalam
pendidikan karena pertama budaya
mengandung nilai-nilai yang perlu
dilestarikan melalui pendidikan ada
budaya-budaya yang dapat dipertahankan
untuk digunakan peserta didik survei di
masa depan tapi barangkali ada
budaya-budaya yang perlu diminimalisir
kemudian
hai kenapa budaya menjadi landasan
pendidikan budaya itu adalah dibentuk
oleh manusia
Hai artinya meskipun sudah ada budaya
akan muncul budaya-budaya baru sesuai
dengan kebutuhan si manusia
Hai berikutnya landasan hukum atau
landasan yuridis landasan yuridis ini
terkait dengan peraturan
perundang-undangan bahwa pendidikan itu
perlu didasari oleh kebijakan-kebijakan
artinya itu dibolehkan untuk dilakukan
landasan yuridis Indonesia dimulai dari
undang-undang Dasar 45 kemudian
Pancasila undang-undang sisdiknas No 20
tahun 2003 kemudian ada peraturan
peraturan menteri keputusan-keputusan
menteri yang relevan untuk mencapai
kebijakan-kebijakan yang ditetapkan
contohnya dalam undang-undang nomor 20
tahun 2003 disitu dicantumkan bahwa
tujuan pendidikan adalah mengembangkan
potensi peserta didik jadi dengan adanya
aturan semacam itu atau pernyataan bahwa
pendidikan itu adalah mengembangkan
potensi diri berarti peraturan-peraturan
yang mendukung atau teknis-teknis atau
juknis joknya
sananya tentu mengarah kepada Bagaimana
potensi peserta didik dikembangkan
sehingga nanti pada saat dikelas lebih
cenderung kegiatan belajarnya itu
mengembangkan potensi peserta didik
ketimbang hanya melakukan transfer
Hai landasan berikutnya adalah landasan
iptek ini adalah landasan yang juga
menjadi penting dalam mendasari
pendidikan karena untuk melakukan
pendidikan perlu mengetahui apa saja
keilmuan terutama keilmuan dalam bidang
ilmu pendidikan dan pembelajaran
Bagaimana melaksanakan pendidikan atau
kemudian iptek ini adalah segala sesuatu
yang akan terus berubah karena manusia
pada hakekatnya adalah makhluk belajar
jadi karena keinginan belajar itu akan
banyak berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan
dan teknologi serta seni yang dilakukan
oleh manusia
Hai hari sebab itu landasan IPS ini
menjadi dasar dalam pembuatan kebijakan
ataupun pelaksanaan pelaksanaan
pendidikan
Hai yang terakhir adalah landasan
ekonomi dan dasar ekonomi bukan menjadi
urutan yang terakhir dipertimbangkan
semua landasan ini dipertimbangkan
secara bersamaan tapi urutannya berada
diurutan terakhir ekonomi ini menjadi
dasar Bagaimana memutuskan atau
mengeluarkan kebijakan dan pelaksanaan
pendidikan tertentu karena dengan dasar
ekonomi kita akan bisa mengambil
keputusan atau mengambil tindakan yang
efektif dan efisien tidak hanya tepat
dalam menggunakan cara ataupun dana
tetapi juga dapat mencapai tujuan ketika
tujuan pembelajaran tercapai dengan cara
yang tepat sehingga diperoleh tujuan
pendidikan yang efektif dan efisien
Nah itulah landasan-landasan yang
mendasari pendidikan mudah-mudahan bisa
diimplementasikan terima kasih
assalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarokatuh
[Musik]
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