Gregg Shorthand: OA1 LESSON 3 Symbols for sounds of o, r, and l

Summary

In this lesson, students learn shorthand symbols for the sounds of 'o', 'r', and 'l', with minor vowels often omitted for speed and clarity. The 'o' symbol is a small hook, 'r' a short forward curve, and 'l' a longer curve, double the size of 'r'. Examples include 'toe', 'home', 'ray', and 'line'. Shorthand also omits barely pronounced vowels unless necessary for readability, as seen in words like 'later' and 'delay'. The lesson further covers the shorthand symbol for the short 'i' sound, using the 'e' symbol, with examples like 'hem' and 'team', emphasizing proper noun capitalization.

Takeaways

• 📝 The lesson introduces shorthand symbols for the sounds of 'o', 'r', and 'l', emphasizing their specific shapes and differences.
• 👂 The importance of listening as a communication skill is highlighted, suggesting it's integral to shorthand writing.
• 🔤 The symbol for 'o' is a tiny hook, indicating a short forward undercurve, which is a key detail for accurate shorthand writing.
• 📏 The 'r' symbol is a short forward curve, while 'l' is a long forward curve, with the 'l' being double the size of the 'r' stroke.
• 🌐 Words like 'toe', 'though', 'home', and 'on' are used to illustrate the application of these symbols in practice.
• 👀 The alignment and proportion of the strokes in shorthand writing are crucial for readability, as demonstrated with the examples.
• 🚫 Minor vowels may be omitted in shorthand if they do not contribute to speed or readability, streamlining the writing process.
• 🔄 The script provides examples of words where minor vowels are omitted, such as 'later' and 'dealer', to show this principle in action.
• 📚 The shorthand symbol for the short 'i' sound is the same as the 'e' symbol, indicating a shared phonetic family.
• 📖 Proper nouns or names are capitalized in shorthand, as shown with the example 'team', to distinguish them from common nouns.
• ✍️ The lesson concludes with a focus on the practical application of shorthand symbols in writing, emphasizing the need for practice and precision.

Q & A

What are the symbols for the sounds of 'o', 'r', and 'l' in the shorthand system described in the transcript?

The symbols for 'o', 'r', and 'l' in the shorthand system are short forward under curves. The 'o' is represented by a tiny hook, the 'r' is a short forward curve, and the 'l' is a long forward curve, double the size of an 'r' stroke.

How is the symbol for the sound of short 'i' represented in shorthand?

The symbol for the sound of short 'i' is represented by the shorthand 'e' symbol, as they are phonetically from the same family of sounds.

What is the purpose of omitting minor vowels in shorthand outlines?

Minor vowels are omitted in shorthand outlines if they do not contribute to speed or readability in ordinary speech, to maintain the efficiency of the shorthand writing.

Can you provide an example of a word where the minor vowel 'e' is omitted in the shorthand system?

In the word 'later', the 'e' is omitted in the shorthand outline, resulting in 'l a t r'.

What is the difference in the stroke length between 't o' and 'd o' in the shorthand system?

In the shorthand system, the stroke for 't o' is longer than the stroke for 'd o'.

Why is the capitalization mark used in the shorthand for 'T E M'?

The capitalization mark is used in 'T E M' to indicate that it refers to a name of a person or a proper noun.

What is the importance of alignment and proportion in the shorthand writing system?

Alignment and proportion are important in shorthand writing to ensure clarity and readability of the text, especially when differentiating between similar symbols.

How does the shorthand system handle words with barely pronounced vowels?

In the shorthand system, vowels that are barely pronounced in ordinary speech may be omitted if they do not aid in speed or readability.

What is the shorthand symbol for the word 'home'?

The shorthand symbol for 'home' is represented by the symbols for 'h', 'o', and 'm', with the 'o' being a tiny hook.

Can you give an example of a word where the 'l' is double the size of the 'r' stroke?

In the word 'mailing', the 'l' stroke is double the size of the 'r' stroke, as demonstrated in the shorthand system.

What is the significance of the capitalization mark in shorthand writing?

The capitalization mark in shorthand writing is used to indicate the beginning of a proper noun or a name, which helps in distinguishing it from common nouns.

Outlines

00:00

📝 Shorthand Symbols and Listening Skills

This paragraph introduces the third lesson in a course focused on shorthand writing. It covers the symbols for the sounds of 'o', 'r', and 'l', and the principle of omitting minor vowels in shorthand to enhance speed and readability. The symbols for 'o' and 'r' are described as short forward under curves, with 'o' having a tiny hook, while 'l' is a long forward curve, double the size of 'r'. Examples of words using these symbols are provided, such as 'toe', 'home', and 'total' for 'o', 'ray' and 'near' for 'r', and 'lay', 'line', and 'mailing' for 'l'. The paragraph also discusses the omission of minor vowels in words like 'later' and 'dealer' to improve shorthand efficiency. Additionally, it touches on the representation of the short vowel sound 'i' using the shorthand 'e' symbol, with examples like 'heme' and 'team'. Proper nouns and names are noted to require capitalization in shorthand.

Keywords

💡Shorthand

Shorthand is a system of writing that employs symbols or abbreviated forms for words or phrases, designed to increase writing speed and efficiency. In the context of the video, shorthand is the main theme, as it teaches how to represent sounds and words using specific symbols, which is crucial for the video's educational purpose on writing systems.

💡Symbols

Symbols in this context refer to the specific notations used in shorthand to represent sounds or letters. The video explains various symbols for sounds like 'o', 'r', and 'l', and how they are differentiated. Understanding these symbols is fundamental to grasping the shorthand system being taught.

💡Minor Vowels

Minor vowels are vowels that are barely pronounced in ordinary speech and may be omitted in shorthand outlines if they don't contribute to speed or readability. The video mentions that minor vowels can be omitted, which is an important principle in shorthand to maintain efficiency without losing the essence of the message.

💡Abbreviating Principle

The abbreviating principle is a method of shortening words or phrases in shorthand by using symbols or reduced forms. The video discusses this principle in relation to the symbol for the sound of short 'i', emphasizing the need for a balance between brevity and clarity.

💡Communication Skill

While not explicitly detailed in the script, the concept of communication skill is implied through the teaching of shorthand. Shorthand is a tool that enhances the speed and efficiency of written communication, which is a vital skill in various professional and personal contexts.

💡Alignment and Proportion

Alignment and proportion refer to the spatial arrangement and relative sizes of the symbols in shorthand writing. The video stresses the importance of these elements for clarity and readability, using examples like 't o toe' and 'h o m home' to illustrate correct alignment and proportion.

💡Strokes

Strokes are the individual lines or curves that make up the shorthand symbols. The video differentiates between the lengths of strokes for 'o' and 'r', and the size of 'l' compared to 'r', indicating that precise stroke usage is critical for accurate shorthand writing.

💡Proper Nouns

Proper nouns are specific names of people, places, or things and are usually capitalized in writing. The video mentions the use of a capitalization mark for proper nouns, such as 'T E M team', to distinguish them from common nouns, which is a key aspect of shorthand for clarity.

💡Omission of E Stroke

The omission of the 'e' stroke in certain words like 'later' and 'dealer' is discussed in the video as a shorthand technique to increase writing speed. This illustrates the flexibility of shorthand to adapt to the spoken language's natural omissions for efficiency.

💡Short Sound of Vowel I

The short sound of vowel 'i' is represented by a specific shorthand symbol, as explained in the video. This symbol is part of a 'family of sounds' that includes similar phonetic representations, which helps in understanding the system's phonetic basis and its application in writing.

Highlights

Introduction to lesson number three with concepts and symbols for the sounds of 'o', 'r', and 'l'.

Explanation of the minor vowels being omitted as an abbreviating principle.

Description of the symbol for the sound of short 'i' in shorthand.

Emphasis on listening as a communication skill in the context of shorthand writing.

Detailed explanation of the symbols for 'o', 'r', and 'l' as short forward undercurves.

Differentiation of the 'o' symbol by a tiny hook.

Alignment and proportion of the outline when writing shorthand words.

Examples of words using the 'o', 'r', and 'l' symbols: 'toe', 'though', 'home', 'on', 'total'.

Note on the stroke length difference between 't' and 'o' in the word 'toe'.

Explanation of the 'r' symbol as a short forward curve with examples like 'ray' and 'near'.

Description of the 'l' symbol as a long forward curve, double the size of an 'r' stroke.

Examples of words using the 'l' symbol: 'lay', 'line', 'mail', 'malin'.

Discussion on omitting minor vowels in shorthand outlines for speed and readability.

Example of omitting the 'e' stroke in the word 'later'.

Further examples of omitting the 'e' stroke in words like 'dealer' and 'delay'.

Introduction to the shorthand symbol for the short sound of vowel 'i'.

Examples of words with the short 'i' sound: 'hem', 'team', 'net', 'knit'.

Capitalization mark usage for proper nouns or names in shorthand writing.

Transcripts

in lesson number three

we have the following concepts symbols

for the sound of o r and l

minor vowels omitted as an

abbreviating principle symbol for the

sound of short i

listening as a communication skill the

symbols

for the o r and l are

short forward under curves

differentiated

by land it is written this way

the o is a tiny hook

let's proceed with all words

for example and oh no

please take note of the alignment

proportion of your outline

we have t o toe

d o though take note that

this stroke is longer than it is stroke

h o m home

o n o n

t o t l total

the r is a short forward

curve

r a ray

and e are near

d e r d

the l is a long forward

curve l is double the size of an

r stroke let's have the following l

words

l a lay

l i n line

[Music]

m a l in

mailing

minor vowels omitted many words

contain vowels that are barely

pronounced

in ordinary speech such vowels

may be omitted from shorthand outlines

if they do not contribute to speed

or readability for example

later l a t r

the stroke for e for later

is omitted next

dealer d-e-l-r

e-stroke is again omitted dealer

delay d l a

delay the e stroke is omitted

next the short sound of

vowel i is represented by the shorthand

e symbol phonetically

they are the same family of sounds

let's proceed with short eye words

we have h e m

heme

t e m team with capitalization mark

because we are referring to a name of a

person or a proper noun

next n et knit

you