IC-RES130: Lesson 1

Summary

This educational video introduces the concept of research, emphasizing its systematic and objective nature. It outlines research's role in advancing human knowledge and its importance in various fields. The lesson defines research, discusses its characteristics, and differentiates between basic and applied research. It also highlights the necessity of research in daily life for problem-solving, knowledge building, and supporting truths.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Research is defined as a systematic, controlled, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about natural phenomena.
• 📚 The purposes of research include advancing human knowledge, solving practical problems, and providing a scientific basis for practices and methodologies.
• 🧐 The role of research in society is to fuel curiosity, drive learning, and enhance our understanding of various phenomena.
• 🔬 Scientific rigor in research involves the use of high standards and best practices of science, including empirical observations and systematic categorization.
• 📈 Research has characteristics such as being systematic, objective, visible, empirical, and clear, ensuring that the investigation is methodical and unbiased.
• 👨‍🔬 Researchers can take on various roles including principal investigators, team members, problem identifiers, evaluators, and users of research findings.
• 🔑 The two main types of research are basic (pure) and applied, with basic research focused on generating new knowledge and applied research on solving practical problems.
• 🌟 The goals of conducting research include producing evidence-based practices, establishing credibility, observing accountability, and promoting cost-effectiveness.
• 📊 The research process involves several stages such as problem identification, literature review, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection, analysis, and reporting.
• 🌐 Research is necessary and valuable in daily life as it helps build knowledge, understand issues, increase public awareness, succeed in business, and distinguish truth from falsehood.

Q & A

What are the objectives of the lesson on 'What is Research'?

The objectives are to define and characterize research, identify the purposes of research, describe the role of research in advancing human knowledge, and fill out a checklist by recalling a life problem and describing how it was solved.

How does the lesson define research?

Research is defined as a systematic investigation into materials or sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions. It involves the scientific investigation of a problem or gap aiming at the discovery or interpretation of new facts.

What are the characteristics of research as discussed in the lesson?

The characteristics of research include being systematic, objective, visible, empirical, and clear. It requires a disciplined approach, investigation based on facts and data, elimination of bias, gathering of verifiable data, and distinguishing fact from opinion.

What is meant by 'scientific rigor' in the context of research?

Scientific rigor refers to the implementation of the highest standards and best practices of science, which involves direct observation of nature, organizing and categorizing observations, and attempting to explain what has been observed.

What is the role of research in advancing human knowledge?

Research propels humanity forward by fueling curiosity, asking questions, and immersing in the discovery of knowledge. It advances personal and professional qualifications of practitioners and provides a scientific basis for practices and methodologies in various fields.

What are the two types of research mentioned in the lesson?

The two types of research are basic or pure research, which is concerned with generating new knowledge, and applied research, which uses knowledge to provide immediate solutions to problems.

What are the goals of conducting research?

The goals of conducting research include producing evidence-based practice, establishing credibility in the profession, observing accountability, and promoting cost-effectiveness through documentation and sharing of findings.

What is the difference between basic research and applied research?

Basic research is driven by pure curiosity and aims to expand knowledge on a subject, while applied research focuses on using knowledge to solve practical problems and often involves a proposed intervention.

What are the roles of a researcher as outlined in the lesson?

The roles of a researcher include being a principal investigator, a member of a research team, an identifier of researchable problems, an evaluator of research findings, a user of research findings, a patient or client advocate during the study, and a subject or respondent.

Why is research necessary and valuable in our daily lives?

Research is necessary and valuable in daily lives as it builds knowledge, facilitates learning, helps understand issues, increases public awareness, aids in business success, and allows for the disproving of lies and supporting of truths.

Outlines

00:00

🔍 Introduction to Research

The script begins with a lesson introduction on research, outlining the objectives for the session. Students are expected to define and characterize research, identify its purposes, describe its role in advancing human knowledge, and complete a cheat checklist. The lesson encourages students to reflect on a personal problem-solving experience and relate it to research definitions and characteristics. These include a disciplined approach, fact-based investigation, bias elimination, empirical data gathering, and distinguishing fact from opinion. The script then directs students to watch a video for a deeper understanding of research, highlighting the lack of a single definition and presenting various scholarly perspectives on what constitutes research.

05:01

🔬 Understanding Scientific Rigor in Research

This paragraph delves into the concept of scientific rigor, which is crucial for any inquiry to be considered research. It contrasts the misuse of the term 'research' in casual contexts, such as gathering facts without scientific rigor, with the proper use in scientific investigations. The script explains that science is fundamentally about empirical observations and systematic categorization or explanation of these observations. It emphasizes the importance of curiosity and research in driving human progress and summarizes the characteristics of research, including systematic, objective, visible, empirical, and clear approaches.

10:01

📊 Roles and Purposes of Research

The script outlines the roles of a researcher, such as a principal investigator, team member, problem identifier, and evaluator, among others. It discusses the purposes of research, which include providing a scientific basis for practices, continuous development, problem-solving, and advancing personal and professional qualifications. The paragraph differentiates between basic (pure) research, which aims to generate new knowledge, and applied research, which focuses on immediate problem-solving. It also highlights the goals of research, such as producing evidence-based practices, establishing credibility, observing accountability, and promoting cost-effectiveness through documentation.

15:02

🌟 The Necessity and Value of Research

The final paragraph of the script emphasizes the necessity and value of research in daily life. It posits that research is essential for building knowledge, facilitating learning, understanding issues, increasing public awareness, succeeding in business, and distinguishing truth from falsehood. The script outlines the research process, which includes problem identification, literature review, objectives formulation, hypothesis and assumptions, theoretical framework, research design, data collection and processing, analysis and interpretation, and report writing. It concludes by reiterating the importance of research in advancing knowledge and improving professional practices.

Keywords

💡Research

Research, as discussed in the video, is a systematic investigation into a problem or gap in knowledge with the aim of discovering or interpreting new facts. It is a fundamental process that propels humanity forward, driven by curiosity and the desire to expand our understanding of the world. In the script, research is characterized by its scientific rigor, involving disciplined and systematic approaches, and the elimination of bias.

💡Scientific Rigor

Scientific rigor refers to the implementation of the highest standards and best practices of science in conducting research. It ensures that research is objective, reliable, and valid. The video emphasizes that any inquiry lacking scientific rigor cannot be considered true research. For instance, the video contrasts the casual act of gathering information from the library with the systematic and critical approach of scientific research.

💡Empirical Data

Empirical data in research refers to information that is derived from observation and experimentation. It is a cornerstone of the scientific method, as it provides verifiable evidence that can be used to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. The video script mentions that researchers must gather empirical data to support their findings, distinguishing it from mere opinion or conjecture.

💡Systematic Approach

A systematic approach in research implies a methodical and organized way of conducting investigations. It involves a step-by-step procedure that ensures all aspects of the research question are addressed in a logical and comprehensive manner. The video script outlines this approach as a key characteristic of research, where each phase, from problem identification to report writing, follows a structured process.

💡Objective

Objectivity in research is the pursuit of truth without personal bias or influence. Researchers aim to ensure that their findings are based on evidence and not on personal feelings or preconceived notions. The video script highlights the importance of objectivity by stating that research results should be verifiable and validated, free from biases towards any personality or organization.

💡Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or assumption made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. In research, hypotheses are tested through experimentation or analysis to determine their validity. The video script mentions the formulation of hypotheses as a part of the research process, where they guide the direction of the study and the collection of data.

💡Theoretical Framework

A theoretical framework in research is a structure that guides the investigation by providing a conceptual or theoretical backdrop. It helps in identifying the variables to be studied and the relationships between them. The video script refers to the construction of a theoretical or conceptual framework as an essential step in the research process, which informs the design and interpretation of the study.

💡Data Analysis

Data analysis is the process of examining, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to extract useful information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making. In the context of the video, data analysis is a critical phase of research where researchers interpret the empirical data they have collected to answer their research questions or test their hypotheses.

💡Research Design

Research design is the plan for how the research will be conducted. It includes the choice of research methods, data collection techniques, and the organization of the research process. The video script discusses the selection of an appropriate research design as a key decision that influences the validity and reliability of the study's findings.

💡Evidence-Based Practice

Evidence-based practice refers to the approach of making decisions and taking actions based on the best available evidence from research. The video script emphasizes the importance of research in producing evidence-based practices, which are essential for ensuring effectiveness and efficiency in various fields, such as healthcare, education, and business.

Highlights

Lesson objectives include defining and characterizing research, identifying research purposes, and describing its role in advancing human knowledge.

Students are encouraged to recall a life problem and describe how it was solved, relating to research methodology.

Research is characterized by a disciplined and systematic approach, investigating problems based on facts, eliminating bias, gathering empirical data, and distinguishing fact from opinion.

The video from Filo Notes discusses the varying definitions of research, emphasizing the lack of a single, objective definition.

Research is defined as the scientific investigation of a problem or gap, aiming at the discovery or interpretation of new facts.

Research can lead to the revision or rejection of accepted theories or laws in light of new facts.

Scientific rigor in research involves the implementation of the highest standards and best practices of science.

Science is historically a way of answering questions about nature through direct examination, rather than relying on past authorities or superstition.

Research propels humanity forward, fueled by curiosity, and is essential for learning and progress.

Characteristics of research include being systematic, objective, visible, empirical, and clear.

The roles of a researcher include being a principal investigator, member of a research team, identifier of researchable problems, evaluator of findings, and user of research findings.

Research provides a scientific basis for practice, contributes to continuous development and productivity, develops assessment tools, and offers solutions to problems.

Basic research generates new knowledge, investigates reasons and principles behind phenomena, and is driven by curiosity.

Applied research uses knowledge to provide immediate solutions to practical problems, often involving interventions.

The goals of conducting research include producing evidence-based practice, establishing credibility, observing accountability, and promoting cost-effectiveness.

The research process involves problem identification, literature review, objectives formulation, hypothesis formulation, theoretical framework construction, research design selection, data collection and processing, data analysis and interpretation, and report writing.

Research is necessary and valuable in daily life as it builds knowledge, facilitates learning, increases public awareness, aids in business success, and supports truths.

Transcripts

[Music]

hello students welcome to lesson one

what is research

but before that let me read to you the

objectives for this lesson at the end of

the session you are expected to define

and characterize research

identify the purposes of research

describe the role of research in

advancing human knowledge

and fill out a cheat checklist try to

think or to recall a life problem and in

your notebook

describe how you were able to solve it

done now let's proceed to the next

activity i have here definitions or

characteristics of research

all you have to do

is to think about or consider how your

self-problem-solving experience falls

within the purview of the definition and

characteristics of research

as you are watching

write or put a check mark and x mark

in your notebook about your answer in

each

definition or characteristics of

research number one

using disciplined and systematic

approach

number two

investigating the problem based on facts

and available data

third

eliminating bias in attitude four

gathered empirical or verifiable data

and five

distinguishing fact from opinion

done

okay in order for you to understand

deeply our topic what is research please

watch this video

this video is from filo notes

scholars have not agreed on a single

objective definition of the term

research

this can be observed in the varying

definitions of the said term

for example the oxford encyclopedic

english dictionary defines it as the

systematic investigation into the study

of materials sources etc in order to

establish facts and reach new conclusion

while frederick kerlinger defines

research as the systematic controlled

empirical and critical investigation of

hypothetical propositions about presumed

relations among natural phenomena

other scholars such as paul leedy

defines research in a more utilitarian

manner

for a lady

despite these varying definitions

scholars have come up with a working

definition of research

generally speaking

research is defined as the scientific

investigation of a problem or gap which

aims at the discovery or interpretation

of new facts

according to some scholars the discovery

or interpretation of new facts may lead

to a revision or even rejection of

accepted theories or laws in the light

of new facts

as is well known research makes use of

the rigorous and questioning techniques

of scientific inquiry

[Music]

is a specific term which necessarily

involves a scientific rigor

for this reason

any type of inquiry that does not

involve a scientific rigor cannot be

called research in the strict sense of

the word such as the mere act of

gathering facts and information

for instance

someone may say she wants to go to the

library to do further research on the

meaning nature and dynamics of

earthquakes

as we can see the term research is

wrongly used here because in the first

place it lacks the scientific rigor

now what is scientific rigor

by scientific rigor we mean the

implementation of the highest standards

and best practices of science

but what is science in the first place

historically according to br hergenham

science came into existence as a way of

answering questions about nature by

examining nature directly

rather than by depending on church

past authorities superstition or

obstruct thought processes alone

in fact

from science's inception its ultimate

authority has been empirical

observations

that is the direct observation of nature

but according to her

there is more to science than simply

observing nature

says that for observations to be useful

they must be organized or categorized in

some way and the ways in which they are

similar to or different from other

observations must be noted

and for her after noting similarities

and differences among observations many

scientists take the additional step of

attempting to explain what they have

observed

now from this discussion we can now draw

a general conception of a science as a

systematic attempt to rationally

categorize or explain empirical

investigations

in fact the famous philosopher carl

popper who was an authority in the

history of science argues that science

is a way of testing rigorously the

proposed solutions to a problem

okay

thank you for watching

so

the definitions of research are already

discussed in the video that you have

watched earlier

i just want to summarize it research is

what propels humanity forward it's it's

fuel well by curiosity

we get curious

ask questions and immerse ourselves in

discovering everything there is to know

learning is thriving

without curiosity and research

progress would slow to a halt

and our lives as we know as we know them

would be completely different so let's

proceed to the next slides

okay we will discuss about the

characteristics of research

there are five characteristics of

research first

systematic

there is system to follow in conducting

a research as there is system in writing

each chapter

what is referred to a system is the

composition of the chapter and each

element

so there are two

systems

the big system which is called

macrosystem

the composition of chapters in an

organized logical and scientific manner

under it is the microsystem

which is the formulation of the detailed

content

of each chapter

the content is further divided into

elements the making of elements likewise

follows a systematic procedure the

second characteristic is objective a

researcher looks at the basis on which

the work is founded

the results after being determined

should be verified and validated he or

she must not produce results out of

nowhere

these result

must never be based on biases

nor out of respect to any personality or

organization

third visible in settings like community

school or workplace and usual phenomena

happen and turn into potential problems

so any professions any problem of

extraordinary and nature or phenomenon

that directly or indirectly affects

the profession is a feasible

problem to study fourth is empirical the

researcher must present evidence

okay so there should be adequate pieces

of evidence discussing the different

variables in the study so the researcher

must present evidence for details

appearing in his or her paper

so referencing of facts and information

that the researcher has gathered in his

or her paper

must not be neglected so all sources

should be properly cited

through proper citation researcher

states that the knowledge being shared

has come from other experts

and the last one is

clear the choice of variables used in

the study should be explained by the

researcher

and this can be done by enriching the

rrl

or by discussing different theories on

which the selection of variables are

based

there must be sufficient indicators for

each variable

and this variable must be gathered from

different published or unpublished

materials

and when located or used

the these materials must be properly

referenced in the manuscript

okay so

here are the roles of researcher

first

principal investigator

second

member of a research team

third

identifier all researchable problems

fourth evaluator or research findings

fifth user of research findings

patient or client advocate during study

and

seven

subjects

respondent slash participant

so there are purposes of research

first research provides a scientific

basis for any practice or methodology in

any field or discipline so this is

important since the interest of entire

system or operation and all the

concerned members of the art institution

or organization is at stake

second

research is undertaken for continuous

development of and for further

productivity in any field like

education

management business

engineering and other areas of endeavor

next

research develops tools for assessing

the effectiveness of any practice and

operation

another research provides solutions to

problems concerning almost all issues

encountered in the different areas of

work

and the last one research advances the

personal and professional qualifications

of a practitioner

there are two types of research

first basic or pure research

this type of research is primarily

concerned with generating new knowledge

it investigates the basic reasons and

principle behind the occurrence of a

particular phenomenon or event

this basic research

is referred to theoretical research

and theoretical research is driven by

pure curiosity and the desire to expand

one's knowledge on a specific subject

matter or discipline

the second type of research is applied

research

it is concerned with using knowledge to

give immediate solutions to a problem

a proposed intervention is a usual

contribution

of this type of research

so let's see the difference between

basic or applied and applied research

basic research is based on the belief

knowledge for knowledge sake

involves collection and analysis of data

to develop or enhance theory

it leads to advancement of knowledge

and

explanatory in nature

and here are some examples of basic

research

how did the universe begin

what are protons neutron and electrons

composed of

so these are examples of questron's

basic research

for applied research the characteristics

of applied research

the solution specific and addresses

practical questions it involves

collection and analysis of data to

examine the usefulness of theory in

solving practical educational problems

and explanatory but usually descriptive

so here are some examples of applied

research

improve agricultural crop production

treat or cure a specific disease

improve the energy efficiency of homes

offices or modes of transportation

to diagnose the very low use of certain

collection in a library

okay so there are goals in conducting

research

the first one is to produce

evidence-based practice

effective and efficient practices or

operations are products of research

so in every every discipline or

institution must provide the best

practice of operation based on the

research studies

in health uh in health profession for

example

practitioner must ensure that he or she

is able to give proper health care to

his or her patient

and to do this he or she must provide

the best clinical practices

as proven by nursing research

research findings can also be utilized

in seminars workshops or trainings so

that new knowledge or methods in the

delivery of more effective health care

can be shared next to establish

credibility in the profession so

research is essential for

a profession to produce new procedures

programs and practices a profession is

defined by the body of knowledge

it utilizes which is distinct from that

of other disciplines next to observe

accountability for the profession so all

tasks must be carried out with

circumspect care

and awareness that everything has to be

done efficiently so every action

conducted by a professional must have

rationale

there are principles that justify why a

nurse has to wash his or her hands

regularly

why a teacher has to prepare a lesson

plan

why a manager needs to plan

and why a business person needs to

conduct feasibility studies

and many more

next

to promote cost effectiveness through

documentation the findings of research

must be shared with and utilized by the

individuals group or community for which

the study was intended

it is useless if its results are not

made known publicly

so these results however must first

satisfy the researcher's goals

before he or she can share them with

other researchers professionals

to whom these findings may be beneficial

and here are the process the research

process

problem identification

review of related literature

objectives formulation formulation of

hypothesis and assumptions theoretical

or conceptual framework construction

research design selection

data collection and processing

data analysis and interpretation

and report writing

but before we end

let me ask you this question

why research is necessary and valuable

in our daily lives

yes research is necessary and valuable

in our daily lives because

it is a tool

for building knowledge and facilitating

learning

it means

it's a means to understand issues and

increase public awareness

it helps us succeed in business

and most importantly it allows us to

disprove lies and support truths

so that's the end of our discussion

[Music]

you