Vídeo aula 3- O conhecimento cientifico e a ciência contemporânea.

Summary

In this video, Professor Serana Marques Borges re-records a lesson on scientific methodology after a technical issue with the initial recording. She introduces key concepts of scientific knowledge, emphasizing its rational, objective, and systematic nature. The lesson highlights various research methods, including deductive, inductive, and dialectical approaches, with a focus on their application in social sciences. She also discusses the importance of interdisciplinary research and adapting to new scientific paradigms. The video encourages students to engage with the course material and actively participate in their academic development through guided learning and discussions.

Takeaways

• 😀 The course is focused on scientific methodology, essential for various academic projects like TCC (Thesis) and scientific reports.
• 😀 The professor, Serana Marques Borges, and Professor Ítalo Duarte are the coordinators of the course, ensuring students learn about the foundational principles of research in Social Sciences.
• 😀 Understanding scientific knowledge is crucial as it differs from philosophical, theological, and empirical knowledge; it aims to systematically study and explore reality using methods.
• 😀 Scientific knowledge is characterized by being rational, objective, factual, methodical, fallible, general, and useful.
• 😀 Students must always ground their arguments in scientific theory, referring to authors both classic and contemporary to strengthen their academic work.
• 😀 The course covers two main research methods: the **deductive** method (from general theories to specific applications) and the **inductive** method (from specific cases to general conclusions).
• 😀 The **hypothetical-deductive** method involves formulating hypotheses to test and challenge existing scientific knowledge.
• 😀 The **dialectical** method is used in the Social Sciences to explore multiple perspectives and reach a refined, third conclusion through deep discussions.
• 😀 Modern scientific methods are influenced by the postmodern era, where advances in technology have led to the questioning of established paradigms, encouraging new theories and perspectives.
• 😀 The shift from **multidisciplinarity** (separate fields of knowledge) to **interdisciplinarity** (interconnected fields) has enriched the understanding of research topics and broadened the scope of academic inquiry.

Q & A

What is the main purpose of the discipline discussed in the script?

The main purpose of the discipline, Scientific Methodology, is to provide students with the foundational knowledge and skills needed to conduct scientific research, particularly for reports, thesis (TCC), and other academic tasks in Social Sciences.

What are the key characteristics of scientific knowledge mentioned in the lecture?

Scientific knowledge is described as rational, objective, factual, methodical, fallible, general, and useful. These characteristics help in systematizing and organizing knowledge based on evidence and methodical investigation.

How does scientific knowledge differ from other types of knowledge like philosophical or theological knowledge?

Scientific knowledge is distinct in that it seeks to systematically study reality using specific methods, focusing on evidence and reproducibility, whereas philosophical and theological knowledge may rely on reasoning or faith, and empirical knowledge focuses on personal experiences.

What are the two primary research methods discussed in the lecture?

The two primary research methods discussed are the deductive and inductive methods. The deductive method starts from a general theory to apply it to specific cases, while the inductive method begins with specific observations to form broader generalizations.

What is the hypothetical-deductive method?

The hypothetical-deductive method involves starting with a problem, forming hypotheses or conjectures, and then testing them to either support or falsify previous findings. It is typically used for exploring and testing scientific theories.

What is the dialectical method and when is it used?

The dialectical method is a deeper, more complex approach used in Social Sciences and Humanities. It involves exploring two opposing perspectives and synthesizing them into a new understanding. It requires a profound analysis and is not typically used by undergraduate students.

Why is understanding the appropriate method important in scientific research?

Choosing the appropriate method is crucial because it ensures that the research effectively addresses the specific problem being studied. Different methods, such as deductive or inductive, help researchers approach questions in different ways, leading to accurate and relevant conclusions.

What does the shift from multidisciplinarity to interdisciplinarity mean in contemporary research?

The shift from multidisciplinarity to interdisciplinarity means that while multidisciplinary research involves different disciplines working in parallel, interdisciplinary research emphasizes the integration of knowledge across disciplines, exploring their interrelations and converging points for a deeper understanding of complex issues.

What role do critical thinking and openness play in contemporary scientific research?

Critical thinking and openness are essential in contemporary scientific research because they allow researchers to challenge existing paradigms, embrace new theories, and consider different perspectives. This is especially important in the face of technological advancements and shifting scientific paradigms.

How can students use the course content to support their academic and research work?

Students are encouraged to engage with course materials, complete activities, and consult their professors and tutors for guidance. This will help them apply the methods and theories discussed in class to their own research projects, ensuring they meet academic standards and requirements.