Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Pemerintahan Orde Lama!

Summary

This video script delves into the dual aspects of the Orde Lama regime in Indonesia, led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966. It highlights the regime's achievements, such as securing Indonesia's sovereignty and independence, gaining international recognition, and conducting the country's first democratic elections in 1955. However, it also addresses the regime's shortcomings, including economic crises, regional disparities, discriminatory policies, and political instability leading to the G30S incident. The script encourages viewers to consider both the positive and negative impacts of this era for a balanced understanding of Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Orde Lama regime, led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966, had both positive and negative aspects, similar to other foreign governments like Francisco Franco's Spain.
• 🏛️ Indonesia gained sovereignty and international recognition under Orde Lama, marking a significant achievement after a long period of colonization.
• 🤝 The regime received support from various international powers, including the United States, the Soviet Union, India, and Arab nations, which helped in gaining independence and establishing a positive international image.
• 🗳️ The first general election in Indonesian history took place under Orde Lama in 1955, which was considered the most democratic and participatory election in the country's history.
• 🌐 Indonesia played a significant role in international diplomacy, pioneering the non-aligned movement alongside Yugoslavia, Egypt, and Ghana, and hosting the Asia-Africa Conference.
• 📜 The regime faced criticism for the misuse of the 1945 Constitution, particularly with the issuance of MPRS Decree No. 3/1965, which violated the constitutional term limits for the presidency.
• 💔 The economic crisis during Orde Lama was severe, with hyperinflation reaching 600% in the 1960s, a higher rate compared to the 1998 monetary crisis.
• 🔄 There were issues of central-local government conflicts and various rebellions, such as PRRI and Permesta, which were partly due to uneven development outside of Java.
• 🛡️ The regime implemented policies that were discriminatory, such as the 'Benteng' policy favoring indigenous entrepreneurs and Presidential Decree No. 10/1959, which targeted and discriminated against the Chinese community.
• 🌐 The aggressive foreign policy, including Trikora and Dwikora, led to internal development being overshadowed by military projects and attracted foreign intelligence operations, contributing to the downfall of President Soekarno.
• 📚 The script encourages viewers to consider both the positive and negative aspects of Orde Lama objectively and to share their thoughts in the comments section.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video script regarding the Orde Lama regime?

The main focus of the video script is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Orde Lama regime led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966, without going into chronological history.

What was one of the significant achievements of the Orde Lama regime in terms of international recognition?

One of the significant achievements was Indonesia's ability to gain independence both de facto and de jure, being recognized as a sovereign and equal nation among other countries in the world.

How did the Orde Lama regime manage to gain support from various international entities for Indonesia's independence?

The regime gained support through diplomatic and military efforts, leading to recognition and support from the United States, Soviet Union, India, Arab countries, and even the Vatican.

What was the role of Romo Sugihardjo in the context of Indonesia's international relations during the Orde Lama regime?

Romo Sugihardjo helped Indonesia establish good relations with the Vatican, demonstrating his nationalism through diplomacy, which eventually led to the Vatican being one of the first countries to recognize Indonesia's sovereignty on July 6, 1947.

Why was the recognition from the Vatican particularly important for Indonesia during the Orde Lama regime?

The recognition from the Vatican was important as it projected a positive image among non-Muslim countries, especially in Europe and the United States, showing that Indonesia had support beyond just Muslim-majority nations.

How did the Orde Lama regime's stance during the Cold War contribute to Indonesia's international significance?

Both the Western and Eastern blocs during the Cold War tried to draw Indonesia into their sphere of influence because of its rich natural resources and strategic geopolitical position, which made Indonesia a highly considered nation since the Battle of Surabaya.

What significant international agreement did Indonesia achieve under the Orde Lama regime?

Indonesia achieved the New York Agreement in 1962, which led to West Papua being handed over to Indonesia's territory.

What was the first general election held in Indonesia under the Orde Lama regime, and what was its significance?

The first general election was held in 1955, which was significant as it was the first in Indonesian history and is considered the most democratic and participatory election, leaving a lasting legacy for the country's democratic process.

What are some of the criticisms regarding the Orde Lama regime's handling of the 1945 Constitution?

The regime has been criticized for the misuse of the 1945 Constitution, such as through the issuance of MPRS Decree No. 3 in 1965, which clearly violated Article 7 of the Constitution by extending the presidential term beyond the 5-year limit with a maximum of two terms.

What economic crisis did Indonesia face during the Orde Lama regime, and how does it compare to the 1998 monetary crisis?

Indonesia faced its worst economic crisis during the Orde Lama regime with hyperinflation reaching 600% in the 1960s, which was much worse compared to the 1998 monetary crisis, where inflation was around 78%.

What were the 'Benteng' policy and Presidential Decree No. 10 of 1959, and why were they controversial?

The 'Benteng' policy was intended to protect native entrepreneurs from non-native entrepreneurs by providing them with government credits. Presidential Decree No. 10 of 1959 targeted and discriminated against the Chinese community, prohibiting them from selling at the sub-district level and forcing them to give their businesses to Indonesian nationals, which was seen as unfair by many, including the famous writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer.

How did the Orde Lama regime's foreign policy contribute to internal issues in Indonesia?

The aggressive foreign policy, such as Trikora and Dwikora, and the military campaigns led to a neglect of domestic development, prioritizing military projects that required more funding and attracted foreign intelligence operations, which ultimately led to the regime's downfall with the G30S incident.

Outlines

00:00

😀 Positive Aspects of the Old Order Regime

This paragraph discusses the historical context of the Old Order regime under President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966. It highlights the regime's achievements, such as Indonesia's independence and sovereignty, which were recognized internationally. The regime's diplomatic efforts, including support from the United States, Soviet Union, India, and Arab countries, are emphasized. The paragraph also mentions the role of figures like Romo Sugiha in establishing good relations with the Vatican, which was the first to recognize Indonesia's independence de jure. Furthermore, it touches on the regime's strategic geopolitical positioning during the Cold War, its successful hosting of the first general election in 1955, and its role in pioneering the non-aligned movement along with Yugoslavia, Egypt, and Ghana.

05:03

😔 Negative Aspects of the Old Order Regime

The second paragraph delves into the negative aspects of the Old Order regime. It begins by acknowledging the regime's positive contributions but then outlines several issues, including the overreach of presidential power, as seen in the MPRS's formation and the disregard for the 1945 Constitution's term limits. The paragraph also addresses the severe economic crisis of the 1960s, characterized by hyperinflation reaching 600%, which was worse than the monetary crisis of 1998. Additionally, it discusses the central and regional conflicts, such as the PRRI and Permesta rebellions, which were partly due to the lack of development outside of Java. The paragraph further criticizes discriminatory policies like the 'Benteng' policy and Presidential Decree No. 10 of 1959, which targeted the Chinese community, and the government's failure to ensure justice and equality among its citizens.

10:04

😐 Reflections on the Old Order's Legacy

The final paragraph offers a reflection on the Old Order regime's legacy, inviting viewers to consider both its positive and negative aspects. It emphasizes the importance of an objective view of history to foster national development. The paragraph also touches on the end of President Soekarno's rule due to the G30S incident and the subsequent shift in power, hinting at the influence of aggressive foreign policies like Trikora and Dwikora. The paragraph concludes by encouraging viewers to share their thoughts in the comments and to engage with the content by liking and sharing it if they find it beneficial.

Keywords

💡Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco was a Spanish dictator who ruled Spain from the late 1930s until his death in 1975. In the context of the video, he is mentioned as an example of a leader with both positive and negative aspects to his governance. The script refers to his rule in Spain and Libya, highlighting the complexity of historical figures.

💡Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia was a country in the Balkan Peninsula that existed from 1918 to 1992. It is mentioned in the script to illustrate the point that different regimes, including those in Yugoslavia, have both positive and negative sides to their history, similar to the theme of the video discussing the old order regime in Indonesia.

💡Orde Lama

Orde Lama, which translates to 'Old Order' in English, refers to the period of Indonesian history under the leadership of President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966. The video discusses the pros and cons of this regime, emphasizing its significance in shaping modern Indonesia.

💡Kedaulatan

Kedaulatan, meaning 'sovereignty' in English, is a central theme in the video as it discusses Indonesia's struggle and eventual achievement of independence and sovereignty under the Orde Lama regime. The script highlights how this regime helped Indonesia gain international recognition and respect as a sovereign nation.

💡Diplomacy

Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states. The video script mentions diplomacy as a key strategy used by the Orde Lama regime to gain international support for Indonesia's independence and sovereignty.

💡Hyperinflation

Hyperinflation refers to a period of extremely high inflation, often causing economic instability. The script describes the economic challenges faced during the Orde Lama regime, particularly the hyperinflation of the 1960s, which had a devastating impact on the Indonesian economy.

💡Permesta

Permesta was a regional rebellion in the 1950s against the central government of Indonesia, primarily motivated by a desire for greater autonomy and development in the outer islands. The video script uses Permesta as an example of regional dissatisfaction and the challenges faced by the central government during the Orde Lama period.

💡Pemilu

Pemilu is the Indonesian word for 'elections.' The video script discusses the first general elections held in 1955 under the Orde Lama regime, which were considered a significant step towards democracy and a legacy of that period.

💡Trikora

Trikora was a policy of the Indonesian government during the Orde Lama period, which included a series of actions aimed at opposing the Dutch presence in West Papua. The script mentions Trikora as an example of the aggressive foreign policy that contributed to internal development challenges.

💡G30S

G30S refers to the September 30th Movement, an attempted coup that took place in Indonesia in 1965. The script briefly mentions G30S as the event that led to the end of President Soekarno's rule, marking a significant turning point in Indonesian history.

💡Non-Aligned Movement

The Non-Aligned Movement is an international organization that was founded during the Cold War era by countries that did not want to align with either the Western or Eastern blocs. The video script notes Indonesia's role in pioneering this movement, along with Yugoslavia, Egypt, and Ghana, highlighting the country's active diplomacy during the Orde Lama period.

Highlights

Mimin discusses the history of foreign governance, including the rule of Francisco Franco in Spain and Libya, and its impact on various regimes.

The transcript emphasizes the dual nature of every regime, highlighting both positive and negative aspects.

The discussion focuses on the old order regime led by President Soekarno from 1945 to 1966, and its advantages and disadvantages.

Indonesia's achievement of sovereignty and independence, both de facto and de jure, is considered the best accomplishment of the old order regime.

The struggle for independence involved diplomatic and military efforts, leading to international recognition and support.

Romo Sugiha's diplomatic efforts with the Vatican are highlighted, showcasing Indonesia's nationalism and securing early recognition of its sovereignty.

Indonesia's strategic geopolitical position during the Cold War attracted the interest of both Western and Eastern blocs.

The first general election in Indonesia's history, held in 1955, is discussed as a democratic legacy of the old order regime.

The 1955 elections were conducted in two stages, electing the DPR and members of the Constituent Assembly, marking a high level of democratic participation.

The transcript addresses the negative aspects of the old order regime, including the misuse of the 1945 Constitution and the economic crisis of the 1960s.

Hyperinflation in the 1960s reached 600%, a stark contrast to the 78% inflation during the 1998 monetary crisis.

The central-local government conflicts and various rebellions, such as PRRI and Permesta, are attributed to the lack of development outside Java.

Discrimination and inequality in society are criticized, with policies like the Benteng policy and PP No. 10 of 1959 being highlighted as examples.

The Benteng policy aimed to protect native entrepreneurs but failed due to the consumptive behavior of the beneficiaries.

PP No. 10 of 1959 targeted and discriminated against the Chinese community, restricting their business activities and causing social injustice.

The aggressive foreign policy of Indonesia, such as Trikora and Dwikora, led to internal development being overshadowed by military projects.

The end of President Soekarno's rule due to the G30S incident is discussed, linking it to Indonesia's foreign policy and the Cold War competition.

Mimin invites viewers to share their opinions on the positive and negative aspects of the old order regime that were not covered in the discussion.

The transcript concludes with an invitation for viewers to comment, like, and share the content if they find it beneficial.

Transcripts

di video-video sebelumnya Mimin pernah

membahas sejarah pemerintahan asing

Seperti kisah pemerintahan Francisco

Franco Spanyol ladavid di Libya itu di

Yugoslavia dan lain-lain dalam setiap

rezim kita selalu melihat adanya dua

sisi baik positif dan negatif contohnya

saja Francisco Franco yang meski saat

berkuasa banyak melakukan pelanggaran

HAM Namun karena kepemimpinannya juga

Spanyol lebih tetap netral dalam perang

dunia ke-2 sama seperti luar negeri di

Indonesia sendiri pun setiap rezim

memiliki sisi positif maupun sisi

negatif nah di episode kali ini Mimin

akan membahas mengenai rezim

pemerintahan orde lama yang dipimpin

oleh Presiden Soekarno dari 1945 hingga

1966 Nah di sini Mimin tidak akan

menjelaskan sejarah orde lama secara

kronologis namun langsung fokus ke

kelebihan dan kekurangan dari rezim ini

yang penting bagi Inspector untuk

mengetahuinya kita mulai dari kelebihan

yang pertama Indonesia mampu memperoleh

kemerdekaan baik secara de facto maupun

De ini sebagai negara yang berdaulat dan

setara dengan negara-negara lainnya di

dunia tidak bisa dipungkiri kemerdekaan

dan kedaulatan Indonesia di mata dunia

jelas adalah pencapaian terbaik dari

rezim orde lama setelah hidup dalam

penjajahan dengan waktu yang cukup lama

pada akhirnya Indonesia berhasil

mendapatkan kedaulatannya untuk pertama

kali

pencapaian ini Tentunya tidaklah mudah

para pemimpin dan bapak pendiri bangsa

juga berjuang bersama baik secara

diplomasi dan militer hal ini membuat

orde lama kembali memperoleh Citra

positif di dunia internasional untuk

mendapat dukungan dalam pengakuan

kemerdekaan Amerika Serikat Uni Soviet

India negara-negara Arab bahkan Katolik

atau Vatikan pun menyatakan dukungannya

bagi kemerdekaan Indonesia

rezim ini juga mendapat dukungan dari

banyak pihak seperti Romo sugiha yang

membantu Indonesia mendapatkan hubungan

baik dengan Vatikan

meskipun lahir dalam keluarga muslim

namun Romo sugijah menunjukkan sikap

nasionalismenya dengan cara berdiplomasi

dengan Vatikan kelak Vatikan akan

menjadi salah satu negara pertama yang

mengakui kedaulatan Indonesia yakni pada

6 Juli 1947 atau 1 bulan setelah mesir

negara pertama yang mengakui kemerdekaan

Indonesia secara de jure dukungan

Vatikan sangatlah penting bagi Indonesia

karena menunjukkan Citra positif di

kalangan non muslim di dunia terutama

Eropa dan Amerika Serikat pada awalnya

kebanyakan hanya negara mayoritas muslim

saja yang mendukung kemerdekaan

Indonesia

kedua sekalipun baru merdeka Indonesia

sudah dianggap sebagai negara yang di

perhitungkan di masa dunia khususnya di

masa perang dingin baik blok barat

maupun Blok Timur sama-sama berusaha

menarik Indonesia ke dalam tubuhnya

mengapa hal itu terjadi karena saat

dipimpin oleh Soekarno kedua kubus

sama-sama menganggap Indonesia sebagai

negara kaya akan SDA dan sangatlah

strategis secara geopolitik

internasional

alhasil Indonesia menjadi negara yang

sangat diperhitungkan sejak pertempuran

Surabaya bangsa asing dimulai dengan

Inggris dan Belanda mengetahui bahwa

kaum republikan atau nasionalisme

Indonesia bukanlah negara pemberontak

Namun negara yang memiliki dukungan

besar dari rakyatnya

Amerika Serikat juga tahu memberikan

dana kepada Belanda yang sembrono dalam

mengatur Indonesia seperti Agresi

Militer pertama dan kedua akan berbahaya

bagi imagenya di dunia apalagi Indonesia

mempunyai dukungan negara seperti India

dan Australia yang notabene juga

sekutunya

kata-kata Indonesia dengan Uni Soviet

juga membuat Indonesia memiliki banyak

alutsista kuat dan daya tawar yang

tinggi di dunia internasional hal ini

yang juga mendorong negara super power

lain untuk menekan Belanda memberikan

Papua Barat ke wilayah Indonesia dapat

perjanjian New York pada 1962

jangan lupa juga bahwa Indonesia

merupakan salah satu negara yang

berhasil mempelopori gerakan non-blok

bersama Yugoslavia Mesir dan Ghana serta

mengadakan Konferensi Asia Afrika

hal ini Tentunya menjadikan betapa

kuatnya dan aktifnya diplomasi Indonesia

di ranah internasional di bawah rezim

pemerintahan Orde Lama

ketiga di bawah rezim pemerintahan orde

lama Indonesia berhasil menyelenggarakan

pemilu pertama dalam sejarah pemilu di

Indonesia yang masih kita lakukan hingga

hari ini merupakan peninggalan dari

rezim orde lama Pemilu pertama yang

diselenggarakan di tahun 1955 didasari

oleh undang-undang nomor 7 tahun 1953

ciri dari Pemilu sebenarnya sudah

dibicarakan sejak kabinet Ali

Sastroamidjojo meskipun baru berhasil

dilaksanakan di era kabinet Burhanuddin

Harahap Pemilu tahun 1955 ini

dilaksanakan secara dua kali dan

disebut-sebut sebagai Pemilu paling

demokratis di dalam sejarah Negara

Republik Indonesia

pemilu pertama ditujukan untuk memilih

DPR pada 29 September 1955 sedangkan

Pemilu kedua diadakan 15 Desember 1955

dengan tujuan memilih anggota-anggota

Dewan Konstituante Pemilu ini yang

disebut-sebut sebagai Pemilu paling

andil jujur dan demokratis dalam sejarah

Indonesia merupakan sebuah nilai positif

dari rezim orde lama

Nah setelah kita membahas sisi-sisi

positif dari rezim orde lama Kini Tiba

Saatnya bagi kita untuk membahas

sisi-sisi negatif perlu diingat di sini

Mimin sama sekali nggak ada niat untuk

menjadikan rezim ini dan semua yang

Mimin sebut merupakan pernyataan yang

berdasarkan catatan dan memiliki sumber

masing-masing

ini semua semata-mata agar para

Inspector dapat melihat sejarah ini

secara objektif dari dua sisi sehingga

kedepannya kita sebagai bangsa Indonesia

bisa berkembang menjadi lebih baik lagi

yang pertama ada penilaian terhadap

undang-undang 1945

era orde lama sebenarnya bisa kita pecah

lagi menjadi demokrasi liberal dan

demokrasi terpimpin

di daerah demokrasi terpimpin pengaruh

dari Presiden sudah terlalu besar

sehingga sering terjadi penyelewengan

terhadap undang-undang 1945 yang

merupakan dasar negara kita

diperlakukannya Ketetapan MPRS Nomor 3

tahun 1965 jelas melanggar undang-undang

1945 pasal 7 yang membatasi jabatan

presiden selama 5 tahun dengan maksimal

2 periode jabatan Selain itu Presiden

Soekarno juga mengeluarkan ketetapan

Presiden Nomor 3 tahun 1959 gimana dalam

Penetapan Presiden ini MPRS dibentuk

oleh presiden padahal undang-undang 1945

mengatakan bahwa MPRS harus dipilih

secara pemilu

yang kedua terjadinya krisis ekonomi

terparah dalam sejarah Republik

Indonesia

sering terjadi miskonsepsi bahwa krisis

ekonomi terburuk dalam sejarah Indonesia

adalah krisis moneter 98 pada krisis

ekonomi terburuk sepanjang sejarah

Indonesia justru terjadi pada rezim orde

lama yakni pada saat hiper inflasi

Indonesia tahun 1960-an

saat masa ini inflasi mencapai 600%

sebagai perbandingan inflasi saat krisis

moneter 98 hanya sekitar 78%

78% ini Tentunya tidak bisa dibilang

sedikit namun masih jauh dibandingkan

tahun 60-an

keadaan politik yang tidak stabil hutang

pencetakan uang terus-menerus serta

peran yang berkelanjutan kemudian

membuat hyper inflasi ini semakin parah

dan berujung pada rakyat yang

mengeluarkan Tritura

ketiga permasalahan pusat dan daerah

serta terjadinya berbagai pemberontakan

jika kita menelusuri sebab berbagai

pemberontakan di masa orde lama tidak

sedikit dari mereka yang beralasan

karena kurangnya pembangunan di luar

pulau Jawa contoh yang paling simple

adalah pemberontakan PRRI dan Permesta

FC sumual tokoh Permesta bahkan pernah

berkata sebagai berikut tidak ada

hubungannya kalau PRRI memang sebuah

pemberontakan tapi Permesta hanyalah

program untuk pembangunan Indonesia

timur

kurangi pembangunan di daerah membuat

rakyat lain yang tinggal di sana merasa

kurangi perhatikan pada mereka juga

merupakan rakyat Indonesia yang memiliki

hak yang sama sebagai warga negara

selain persaingan kepentingan pusat dan

daerah masih ada berbagai pemberontakan

karena berbagai alasan dari masyarakat

suatu kelompok hingga sisa-sisa

loyalitas Belanda

yang keempat kurangnya keadilan dan

kesetaraan di kalangan masyarakat selain

kurang meratanya pembangunan ada juga

beberapa kebijakan yang bersifat

diskriminatif yang dikeluarkan oleh

pemerintah dua kebijakan yang terkenal

adalah kebijakan benteng dan PP Nomor 10

tahun 1959 kebijakan benteng adalah

kebijakan yang Mencetuskan oleh Sumitro

djojohadikusumo dengan maksud melindungi

pengusaha pribumi dari pengusaha non

pribumi sampai dianggap sudah bisa

bersaing pengusaha pribumi ini diberikan

kredit oleh pemerintah dengan harapan

bisa memiliki usaha dan daya saing

dengan pengusaha non pribumi namun

sayangnya kebijakan ini gagal karena

sikap konsumtif dari pengusaha pribumi

pengkredit ini justru digunakan untuk

penggunaan konsumtif dan foya-foya serta

ada juga yang menjual lisensinya untuk

mendapatkan uang dengan cepat

PP 10 tahun 1959 di sisi lain merupakan

kebijakan yang menargetkan dan

mendiskriminasi orang Tionghoa cara

terang-terangan dalam PP ini orang

Tionghoa dilarang berjualan di tingkat

kabupaten ke bawah dan mewajibkan mereka

memberikan ke pengusaha berkebangsaan

Indonesia

sebenarnya sudah menjadi fakta banyak

usaha dimiliki orang Tionghoa dan

kebijakan ini yang dilakukan secara

tiba-tiba tentunya dirasa tidak adil

oleh banyak kalangan termasuk sastrawan

terkenal Pramoedya Ananta Toer

di Indonesia

buku ini menjadi kritik perang kepada

sikap pemerintah yang diskriminatif

terhadap orang Tionghoa dengan PP Nomor

10 tahun 1959 2 poin ini merupakan bukti

kurangnya keadilan saat rezim orde lama

di kalangan masyarakat

yang kelima adalah terjerumusnya Dalam

persaingan Perang Dingin sudah jadi

rahasia umum bagaimana akhir dari

pemerintahan presiden pertama Indonesia

Presiden Soekarno ia berakhir karena

adanya masalah G30S dimana rezim orla

diganti dengan korban tapi mengapa hal

ini bisa terjadi hal ini tidak lepas

dari kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia

yang cukup agresif seperti Trikora dan

Dwikora dalam menjalankan kampanye

militer pemerintah Indonesia berusaha

memainkan kedua tubuh

menggunakan luar negeri seperti ini

akhirnya membuat pembangunan dalam

negeri menjadi terbengkalai dan

digantikan oleh berbagai proyek militer

yang memerlukan anggaran lebih dan tidak

sedikit serta memancing operasi-operasi

intelegen asing di Indonesia

Nah berikut adalah pendapat Mimin

mengenai kelebihan dan kekurangan dari

orde lama kalau menurut kalian Adakah

sisi positif dan negatif dari rezim orde

lama yang belum Mimin bahas Coba tulis

pendapat kalian di kolom komentar

Hai Terima kasih sudah menonton dan

belajar sejarah bersama inspen history

jangan ragu untuk berikan komentar like

dan bagikan bila kamu merasa konten ini

bermanfaat

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