THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS | Simple & Basic Animation

Summary

In this educational video, Earthbed explores the third law of thermodynamics, which asserts that entropy approaches a minimum as temperature nears absolute zero. Entropy, the disorder within a system, is illustrated using a shaken bottle of coke. The law implies that all substances with temperatures above absolute zero possess positive entropy and require energy to increase their temperature, quantified by specific heat capacity. The video concludes with the intriguing fact about pyrochlore, a material that exhibits magnetic randomness at absolute zero, showcasing unique properties.

Takeaways

• 🌡️ The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, its entropy approaches a minimum constant value.
• 🔍 Entropy is a measure of disorder and randomness within a system, which increases when kinetic energy is introduced, like shaking a bottle of carbonated drink.
• 🧊 When a pure crystal is cooled down to near absolute zero, it becomes highly organized, and its entropy approaches zero, indicating an increase in order.
• ❄️ Absolute zero is the theoretical point where a substance's entropy is at its minimum, and it cannot be cooled further.
• 🌡️ Entropy is always positive for substances at temperatures above absolute zero, as they always possess some degree of disorder.
• 🔥 Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Kelvin, varying between different materials.
• 🛠️ The equation for calculating the energy required to change the temperature of a substance is q = mcΔT, where q is the energy, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
• 🌟 The Third Law implies that substances need energy to increase their temperature, which is related to their specific heat capacity.
• 🪵 An example given in the script is that warming a wooden glass takes more time than an aluminum glass due to aluminum's superior conductivity.
• 🧲 A fun fact mentioned is the discovery of an object, pin ice, which reaches a point where it can't get any colder, retaining its atomic magnetic moments in a random state at absolute zero.
• 📚 The script aims to make learning about thermodynamics easy and accessible, emphasizing the importance of understanding entropy and specific heat capacity.

Q & A

What is the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a system approaches a minimum constant value.

What is entropy and why is it significant in the context of the Third Law?

Entropy is a measure of the disorder and randomness within a system. It is significant because the Third Law implies that entropy approaches zero as a system reaches absolute zero, indicating a state of high organization.

Can you give an example to illustrate the concept of entropy?

An example of entropy is a bottle of carbonated drink. When the bottle is shaken, the kinetic energy increases, leading to the formation of bubbles, which represents an increase in disorder and randomness, or entropy.

What does it mean for a substance to have a positive amount of entropy when its temperature is greater than absolute zero?

It means that any substance above absolute zero will always have some level of disorder or randomness, and thus a positive entropy value, indicating it is not in a perfectly organized state.

What is specific heat capacity and how is it related to the energy required to change a substance's temperature?

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one Kelvin. It is directly related to the energy required to change a substance's temperature, as indicated by the equation q = mcΔT.

What is the formula for calculating the energy required to change the temperature of a substance?

The formula for calculating the energy required is q = mcΔT, where q is the energy, m is the mass, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Why does it take more time to warm a wooden glass compared to an aluminum glass?

It takes more time to warm a wooden glass because wood has a lower specific heat capacity than aluminum, making it a poorer conductor of heat.

What is the fun fact mentioned in the script about an object that can't get any colder?

The fun fact is about 'pin ice', an object that has been discovered to reach a point where it can't get any colder. Its atomic magnetic moments remain random at absolute zero, giving it unique properties.

What properties does pin ice hold that most substances do not have?

Pin ice holds unique properties due to its atomic magnetic moments remaining random at absolute zero, which is not common for most substances.

What is the educational channel's name mentioned in the script?

The educational channel's name mentioned in the script is 'Earthbed'.

Outlines

00:00

🌡️ Introduction to the Third Law of Thermodynamics

This paragraph introduces the topic of the third law of thermodynamics, explaining it as a principle that states the entropy of a system approaches a minimum value as the temperature nears absolute zero. It aims to simplify a complex concept by relating entropy to the disorder and randomness within a system, using the example of a shaken bottle of carbonated drink to illustrate the point. The paragraph also touches on the concept of specific heat capacity and how different materials require different amounts of energy to change their temperature.

Keywords

💡Third Law of Thermodynamics

The Third Law of Thermodynamics is a fundamental principle in physics that states the entropy of a system approaches a constant minimum as the temperature approaches absolute zero. This law is central to the video's theme, as it explains the behavior of substances at extremely low temperatures. The script uses the concept to illustrate how entropy changes as a system cools down, approaching a state of maximum order.

💡Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the disorder and randomness within a system. It is a key concept in the video, as it helps explain the changes in a system's state when energy is introduced or removed. The video uses the example of a shaken bottle of carbonated drink to demonstrate how entropy increases with the introduction of kinetic energy, leading to a more disordered state.

💡Absolute Zero

Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest temperature where all molecular motion stops, and it is defined as 0 Kelvin. In the context of the video, absolute zero is significant because the Third Law of Thermodynamics states that as a system approaches this temperature, its entropy approaches a minimum value, indicating a state of perfect order.

💡Pure Crystal

A pure crystal, as mentioned in the script, is a highly organized structure that forms when a substance is cooled down to temperatures approaching absolute zero. The video explains that in such a state, the entropy of the crystal approaches zero, indicating a minimum level of disorder. This is an example of how the Third Law of Thermodynamics manifests in physical systems.

💡Specific Heat Capacity

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Kelvin. It is a key concept in the video that relates to the energy changes in a system. The script uses the specific heat capacity to explain why different materials, like a wooden glass versus an aluminum one, require different amounts of energy to heat up, illustrating the concept with a practical example.

💡Energy

Energy, in the context of the video, refers to the capacity to do work or the ability to cause change in a system. It is intrinsically linked to the concepts of temperature and heat, as well as the specific heat capacity. The script explains how energy is required to change the temperature of a substance and how this requirement varies depending on the material.

💡Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. In the script, kinetic energy is introduced to the molecules inside a bottle of carbonated drink when it is shaken, leading to an increase in entropy. This example helps to illustrate how kinetic energy can affect the disorder within a system.

💡Order

Order, in the context of the video, refers to the organized state of a system. It is contrasted with disorder or entropy. The Third Law of Thermodynamics implies that as a system approaches absolute zero, it becomes more ordered, with entropy approaching a minimum value, indicating a state of maximum organization.

💡Magnetic Moments

Magnetic moments are a measure of the magnetic strength of an atom, molecule, or other particle. The script mentions pin ice, an object that has reached a point where it can't get any colder, and its atomic magnetic moments remain random even at absolute zero. This unique property is highlighted as an interesting fact related to the behavior of substances at extremely low temperatures.

💡Pin Ice

Pin ice is a special case mentioned in the script, an object that has been cooled to the point where it can't get any colder. Its atomic magnetic moments remain random at absolute zero, which is an unusual property that distinguishes it from most other substances. This example is used in the video to illustrate the unique behavior of certain materials at the extreme limits of temperature.

Highlights

Introduction to the third law of thermodynamics

Definition of entropy as a measure of disorder and randomness

Illustration of entropy with a shaken bottle of carbonated drink

Explanation of how kinetic energy increases entropy

The third law's assertion that entropy approaches a minimum at absolute zero

Description of a pure crystal's organization at absolute zero

Implication that substances above absolute zero possess positive entropy

Introduction of specific heat capacity and its role in temperature change

Explanation of the energy required to raise the temperature of a substance

Comparison of warming times for wooden and aluminum glasses

Introduction of the equation q = mcΔt for energy calculation

Definition of the terms in the energy equation: q, m, c, and Δt

Fun fact about pin ice reaching a point where it can't get any colder

Mention of pin ice's atomic magnetic moments remaining random at absolute zero

Pin ice's unique properties compared to most substances

Closing remarks encouraging learning and wishing the audience a nice day

Transcripts

[Music]

earthbed

[Music]

good day learners this is earthband

let us talk about the third law of

thermodynamics

third law of thermodynamics states that

as temperature approaches

absolute zero the entropy of a system

approaches a constant minimum pretty

confusing right

now let's make it simple for you

but first let's recall what entropy

is

[Music]

entropy is the measure of disorder and

randomness of a system

for better illustration take for example

is the bottle of carbonated tray when

you shake it

you can see bubbles forming at the top

surface

and when you open it the bottle of coke

explodes

and forms a lot of bubbles this

is entropy

the bottle of coke at rest have a very

low entropy

but the moment you shake it you have

introduced

kinetic energy in the molecules inside

the bottle

increasing the disorder and randomness

of the molecules

the third law states that when a pure

crystal is cooled approaching absolute

zero

it becomes highly organized entropy

approaches to 0.

this means that any substance with

temperature

greater than absolute zero must have

a positive amount of entropy

also it indicates that a material or

substance

requires certain amount of energy to

raise

their temperature this is called

specific kit capacity

the energy requirement of one kilogram

substance

to raise its temperature by one kelvin

for example it will take more time

to warm a wooden glass than an aluminum

glass

because aluminum is a better conductor

than wood

and to find how much energy is required

we use this equation q

is equal to m c delta t

where q means energy lost or gained

a means mass c means specific heat

capacity

and delta t means change in temperature

so that's it before we end the video

let's have a fun fact

did you know that researchers discovered

an object

which eventually reached a point where

it can't get

any colder this is pin ice

in which its atomic magnetic moments

remain

random on its absolute zero

and this makes it hold properties that

most

things than such as magnetic balls

amazing right and that is all for now

i hope you learned something from us

today once again

this is earth pen learning has never

been this easy

for anyone anywhere have a nice day

you