JEBAKAN PINJOL : Aturan, Bunga, Oknum dan rendahnya pengetahuan | PERADABAN
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses the growing issue of online loans (pinjol) in Indonesia, highlighting the experiences of individuals who have been ensnared by these high-interest loans. It tells the story of Fajar Rizki, a small business owner, who opted for a bank loan instead of online loans due to more favorable terms. The video also explores the predatory nature of illegal online loans, their impact on borrowers, and the broader implications for society, including the challenges faced by those trapped in debt cycles and the legal actions taken by advocacy groups.
Takeaways
- 📉 The term 'pinjol' (online loans) has become a source of fear for many who have been caught in debt traps.
- 💼 Fajar Rizki, also known as Onge, is an entrepreneur in North Jakarta who faced challenges in his screen-printing business after dropping out of vocational school.
- 💬 Onge became more serious about his business after getting married in 2017, recognizing his responsibilities as the head of the family.
- 🏦 Onge chose to take out a bank loan of IDR 25 million in 2022, with monthly installments of IDR 760,000 over 36 months, as it was cheaper compared to online loans.
- ⚖️ Economist Nailul Huda highlighted that interest rates for online loans are significantly higher than bank loans, with some online loans charging up to 36% in just three months.
- 🔗 Doni, a victim of online loans, shared his experience of accidentally receiving money from multiple online loan apps, leading to excessive interest and harassment from debt collectors.
- ⚠️ The Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Jakarta has dealt with numerous complaints regarding online loans since 2017, emphasizing the need for strategic solutions and legal action.
- 📉 Onge used online loans for purchasing goods but opted for bank loans for business expansion, as banks consider the business's prospects rather than just collateral.
- 💼 There has been a shift in online loan usage from productive sectors to more consumer-driven purposes, which raises concerns about the target market of online lenders.
- 🏛️ The commercialized nature of education was criticized, as students and low-income workers are increasingly turning to online loans to cover costs that should be supported by the state.
Q & A
What challenges did Fajar Rizki face in his early career?
-Fajar Rizki faced challenges in his early career as he didn't complete his vocational school education and had to work as a street musician. Later, he became a broker for screen printing before starting his own business.
How did Fajar Rizki's business evolve over time?
-Fajar Rizki's business evolved from being a screen printing broker to starting his own screen printing business in 2013 with his friends. The business became more serious after he got married in 2017, with his wife managing the finances.
Why did Fajar Rizki prefer taking a loan from the bank rather than opting for online loans?
-Fajar Rizki preferred taking a loan from the bank because the interest rates were lower and the terms were more reasonable compared to online loans. He received a loan of Rp25 million in 2022 with a monthly installment of Rp760,000 for 36 months.
What are the risks associated with taking loans from illegal online lenders?
-The risks associated with taking loans from illegal online lenders include significantly higher interest rates, aggressive collection practices, and harassment, often involving the borrower's family and workplace.
What legal actions did Doni take after becoming a victim of illegal online loans?
-Doni sought help from the Jakarta Legal Aid Institute (LBH Jakarta) and participated in a class action lawsuit. The legal actions helped address his case and contributed to the implementation of new regulations for online lending practices.
What impact did the harassment from illegal lenders have on Doni?
-The harassment from illegal lenders had a significant impact on Doni, particularly affecting his family, including his in-laws, and his former employer, who were all subjected to verbal abuse.
What steps have been taken by authorities to regulate online lending practices?
-Authorities have introduced regulations, including OJK Regulation No. 19 of 2023, which sets guidelines for debt collection practices, limiting collection hours to before 8 PM and enforcing respectful communication.
What is the difference in interest rates between bank loans and online loans?
-Bank loans typically have lower interest rates, such as the one Fajar Rizki received, which was around 10.16% annually. In contrast, online loans can have interest rates as high as 12% per month, translating to about 36% over three months.
How has the purpose of online loans shifted over time according to the script?
-Initially, about 64% of online loans were directed towards productive sectors, but this has shifted, with 60% now being used for consumption, indicating a change in the target market for online loans.
What issues do students and low-income workers face regarding online loans?
-Students and low-income workers, such as honorarium teachers, often find themselves trapped in online loans due to their inability to access traditional bank loans. This situation exacerbates their financial struggles, leading to a cycle of debt.
Outlines
📉 The Struggles of Online Loans: A Case Study
This paragraph introduces the pervasive issue of online loans (pinjol) and the negative experiences faced by individuals who fall into their traps. It focuses on the story of Fajar Rizki, also known as 'One,' a small business owner in North Jakarta who started his own screen printing business after struggling with various jobs. The narrative details his journey from being a school dropout and street musician to starting his business with friends in 2013. One's life took a more serious turn after getting married, which motivated him to develop his business further. A key point is his decision in 2022 to seek a bank loan for business expansion, highlighting the contrast between bank loans and high-interest online loans.
📲 Unexpected Consequences of Clicking a Link
This paragraph tells the story of Doni (a pseudonym), who inadvertently became a victim of online loan schemes. Initially, Doni received a suspicious SMS about a loan he didn’t apply for. Out of curiosity, he clicked a link, which led him to an application where he had to fill in his data. Despite not completing any loan application, he mysteriously received several small amounts of money from different apps. These transactions came with exorbitant repayment demands. Doni’s experience turned into a nightmare as he faced harassment, with creditors calling his family and employer, leading to severe emotional distress.
🏛️ Legal Aid and the Fight Against Online Loan Harassment
This paragraph discusses the broader issue of online loan harassment, which has been rampant since 2017. The Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Jakarta received numerous complaints within a short period in 2018, leading to strategic actions against these predatory practices. The narrative shifts to the legal actions taken by victims like Doni, supported by LBH Jakarta. Through class action lawsuits, regulatory changes, and advocacy, there have been some reforms, such as new rules from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2023 regarding debt collection practices. The paragraph also highlights how One himself experienced issues with online loans when purchasing a phone, but he prefers bank loans for business due to their less stringent collateral requirements.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Pinjol (Pinjaman Online)
💡Bank Loans
💡Sablon Business
💡Interest Rates
💡Debt Collection Practices
💡Litigation and Legal Action
💡Financial Literacy
💡Collateral
💡Regulatory Changes
💡Economic Pressure
Highlights
The term 'pinjol' or online loans has become a source of fear for many who have fallen into debt traps due to unclear agreements between borrowers and service providers.
Fajar Rizki, also known as One, started his own screen-printing business after struggling as a middleman and street performer.
The turning point in Fajar's business came in 2017 when he got married and started taking financial responsibilities seriously.
Fajar successfully secured a bank loan of IDR 25 million in 2022 with a monthly installment of IDR 760,000 for 36 months.
Economist Nailul Huda explains that bank loans are generally cheaper than online loans, which can have interest rates as high as 12% per month.
Doni, a victim of illegal online loans, describes how he was tricked into receiving money from unknown loan apps, leading to harassment of his family and employer.
The Legal Aid Institute (LBH) Jakarta received over 100 complaints related to online loans within 25 days in 2018, highlighting the widespread issues with these services.
LBH Jakarta took strategic legal actions, including filing class action lawsuits, to address the issues faced by victims of illegal online loans.
New regulations introduced in 2023 by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in Indonesia aim to regulate debt collection practices and protect consumers.
Despite the convenience, Fajar prefers bank loans over online loans due to lower interest rates and less stringent collateral requirements.
Data from BPS indicates a shift in online loan usage, with 60% now being used for consumption rather than productive activities.
There is concern that the reliance on online loans for education expenses is a sign of the commercialization of education in Indonesia.
LBH Jakarta's operations were temporarily halted after their office was destroyed by a fire, affecting their ability to assist victims of online loans.
The LBH emphasizes the importance of debt repayment but also advocates for debt restructuring when repayment is not possible.
The prevalence of online loans among students and low-income earners, such as honorarium teachers, highlights the systemic issues in Indonesia's financial sector.
Transcripts
[Musik]
[Musik]
pinjol pinjol dan pinjol
kata ini seolah menjadi momok bagi
sebagian orang yang pernah terjerat
kasus pinjol atau pinjaman
online sebab ada ketidakjelasan dan
ketidakptian antara peminjam dan
penyedia
jasa berat bagi gu adal keluarga
khususnya keluarga dari istri
ya itu menasarkan mertua guaelepon dimak
segala macam
[Musik]
[Musik]
mari kita mulai dengan cerita Fajar
Rizki atau akrab di sapa
one Dia adalah pengusaha sablon di
daerah Jakarta Utara mungkin di awal
dari kalau sablon Tu kan keminatan gue
itu waktu itu waktu zaman sekolah kan
pertama kita kan belum ada produksi
zaman sekolah kan biasa jadi calok tuh
ibarat tuh broker nyablon ke Bandung ke
mana tuh nah tapi makin ke sini saya ada
ada niatan tuh Bi sendiri enak kali ya
Ya udah nyoba-nyoba bikin sendiri ya
akhirnya
bisa perjalanan hidup ongee tak semulus
yang diinginkan ia tak menamatkan
pendidikan SMK ia pun menjadi pengamen
di tahun
2008 sembari itu ia Mencari peluang
dengan menjadi makelar
sablon pada 2013 ia bersama
kawan-kawannya mulai merintis usaha
sablon Nah pas kalau kalau menurut saya
ketika seriusnya ya pas ada istri aja
sih itu sekitar 2000 2017 Nah itu sudah
mulai ada istri yang yang apa namanya
yang ngatur keuangan
sadar akan tanggung jawab sebagai kepala
keluarga onge mengembangkan usahanya
ketika kita sama istri cerita kan
ngobrol-ngobrol sharing-saring kayaknya
kita udah Ang bisa dah makanya kita
nyari ke peminjaman lebih Yang lebih ke
bank gitu karena lebih lebih apa ya
lebih lebih ini juga sih makudnya
artinya lebih murah lebih ringan
dia Benarkah lebih ringan
onge mendapat pinjaman dari bank senilai
Rp25 juta Pada Tahun
2022 cicilan tiap bulannya adalah
rp760.000 selama 36
[Musik]
kali bagi ekonom nailul Huda cicilan ini
dirasa lebih murah dibandingkan dengan
pincaman online bunga di pinjaman online
itu relatif lebih tinggi kalau dia
0,4% artinya dia 12% per bulan 12% per
bulan kalau kita kalikan 3 bulan saja
itu sudah sekitar
36%. jika dihitung lebih rinci bunga
pinjaman one adalah sekitar 10,16%
selama 3
tahun itu artinya
3,39% tiap tahun atau
0,28% per bulan
atau
0,009% per
hari pinjaman bank yang dilakukan One
memang lebih ringan dibandingkan
pinjaman online itun jika perhitungan
bunga ini adalah suku bunga flat dari
total
pinjaman nah Lender yang dipinjol ilegal
itu juga keuntungannya lebih besar dan
memang dipinjol ilegal juga dia rela
lebih gampang untuk prosesnya gitu lebih
gampang dan memang resikonya juga lebih
tinggi pastinya gitu kan inilah risiko
yang dimaksud nailul Huda Doni bukan
nama sebenarnya adalah salah satu korban
dari mudahnya mengakses pinjol jadi awal
gua terima sms yang dibilang di situ gu
gua nerima pinjaman sebesar R8 juta ya
kan karena gua enggak tahu itu pinjaman
apa dan gua cek reken juga enggak ada
masuk karena penasaran aja awalnya
Akhirnya gua ngekliklah tuh Link yang
tertera di SMS tersebut masuk Pah k
aplikasi nah di aplikasi itu sendiri ya
kan disuruh Ngisi data nih Nah di pada
saat Ngisi data tuh enggak enggak ada
untuk ambil pinjaman atau apa segala
macam Gua cuma mau motivasi gua mau tahu
ini pinjaman apa pas gua lihat loh ini
enggak benar nih karena nominalnya
terlalu besar dan juga pengembaliannya
enggak masuk akal Nah akhirnya gua
kembalikan tuh gua apa gua back semuanya
gua delete aplikasinya gitu nah tapi
yang lucunya ketika pagi hari itu gua
nerima uang sebanyak tiga kali dari
beberapa aplikasi yang gua enggak tahu
itu apa waktu itu variatif ya yang gue
terima tuh kalau enggak salah di awal
ada tiga tiga yang gua terima yang
pertama itu seingat gua tu sebesar
900 50.000 sekianlah gua lupa nominalnya
berapa dan itu gua harus mengembalikan
sebesar 1 koma
8 kalau engak salah j800 Set segitulah
dan yang ada yang lebih parahnya itu gua
nerima
1.uta
r50.000 dan gua harus mengembalikan
sekitar 2 juta
300 kayak
gitu sejak itu pula ia Mengalami
berbagai bentuk kekerasan secara verbal
se sih Respon yang paling eh berat bagi
gua tu adalah keluarga khususnya
keluarga dari istri ya
gu itu menyasar ke mertua gua ditelepon
dimaki-maki segala macam itu sih yang
sebenarnya yang paling besar dan satu
lagi dengan atasan gua di perusaan yang
lama gitu loh itu mereka sampai
dimaki-maki segala macam dan akhirnya
impactnya ke diri gua sendiri gitu
loh kasus pinjol marak sejak
2017 lembaga bantuan hukum atau LBH
Jakarta sempat membuka aduan terkait
pinjol di tahun
2018 selama 25 hari membuka layanan
lebih dari 100 orang yang
mengadu aduannya
beragam jadi berangkat dari berbagai
lusinan persoalan kemudian kita lihat Oh
kita enggak bisa tangani persatu
mengingat sumber daya LBH dan lain
sebagainya gitu ya jadi kita cari
langkah-langkah strategis yang bisa eh
ke depan bisa mengubah ee kondisi ini
vokasi kebijakan pemberdayaan masyarakat
yang terdampak
kemudian litigasi strategis ya dalam
bentuk gugatan sampai akhirnya gua eh
ketemulah dengan tim LBH Jakarta nah
dari situ akhirnya mereka ngasih solusi
dengan mengajukan e gugatan apa namanya
ya apa ya istilahnya action action CL
action gitu loh mengajukan CL action
melalui lba Jakarta Ya udah akhirnya
diajukanlah persidangan segala macam ya
kan dan Alhamdulillah selesai sudah
inkas segala macam nah kemudian kita
dorong Terus akhirnya keluar juga
beberapa regulasi gitu surataran ejk
misalnya diperbarui berapa kali gitu
yang terbaru nomor 19 tahun
2023 yang apa namanya mengatur sampai
dengan ini juga ya sampai dengan Dep
collecting gitu penagihannya dilakukan
seperti apa maksimal jam 800 malam
kemudian ada semacam sopan santunnya
gitu do and don-nya juga mereka ee atur
[Musik]
onge sendiri pernah berhubungan dengan
pinjol barang HP gua kredit HP
dipinjol Gampang sih gu dipinjol tuh
kalau kalau untuk ngambil barang enaknya
itu dia tanpa DP tuh jadi kita tinggal
tinggal klik set kebutuhan KTP apa udah
langsung barang jadi datang gu di posisi
ini ia
terbantukan tapi untuk kebutuhan
penambahan modal usaha ia meminjam di B
untuk bank yang gua pinjam ini dia itu
gak ngelihat gak ngelihat jaminannya apa
tapi dilihat prospek usahanya gitu
makanya gua lebih milih bank karena
lebih besar kan dan jaminan juga gakak
muluk-muluk motor pun bisa k dia jadi
jaminan tapi asal usahanya dilihatpek
gitu
motor Ya setidaknya untuk mendapat
pinjaman dari bank harusiki aset yangis
diam inilah yang menjadi masalah Ketika
seseorang untuk memulai usaha
[Musik]
modal atau pilihan lainnya pinjam via
aplikasi alias pinjaman online tapi
harus siap dengan bunga yang lebih
tinggi serta berbagai permasalahan di
dalamnya data-data BPS itu menyebutkan
salah satu masalah terbesar darikm itu
masah
peral dan pjaman ke bank ataua
ketika ada keperluan baik mendesak
maupun tidak saat Tak memiliki dana
simpanan pinjaman menjadi
solusinya terlebih lagi saat Tak
memiliki aset untuk dijaminkan pinjaman
online jawabannya
[Musik]
[Musik]
nah Ketika kita bicara sektoral
sebenarnya di tahun
2021 itu masih banyak yang dia
menyalurkan kepada sektor produktif
sekitar 64% itu ke sektor produktif
sisanya itu sektor konsumtif Nah
sekarang kebalik sekarang 60% itu ke
sektor konsumtif sisanya baru ke sektor
produktif nah ini yang yang kita lihat
ada perubahan dari Ya bisa dibilang
target pasarnya pinjol ya sebenarnya
yang yang kami tangkap yang LBH tangkap
terkait ee pinjol untuk pembayaran uang
kuliah ini sebenarnya bukan praktik
pinjaman online-nya ya tapi ada peran
negara yang dilepas di situ bukannya
negara yang kemudian mencari langkah
untuk ee mengakomodir eh apa namanya eh
hak atas pendidikan dalam hal ini kuliah
gitu tapi kemudian yang dikasih ya itu
dikasih pinjaman online gitu Ini kan
praktik-praktik yang bisa kita bilang
bagian dari komersialisasi
pendidikan 6 tahun pas kenangani kasus
pinjaman online gedung ybhi LBH Jakarta
kebakaran
[Musik]
operasional LBH Jakarta ybhi dan lembaga
lainnya dihentikan
[Musik]
sementara ini jangan biarin aja nih spes
ini
biarin kita lagi cari second opinion
kan tuh pojok tuh
[Musik]
pembelajaran kita r r pembelajarannya
kalau membingkai bikin foto kasih
keterangan caption ini apa gitu
[Musik]
du Minggu berikutnya LBH Jakarta membuka
kembali layanan konsultasi untuk
masyarakat termasuk pinjaman
online tetap bilang ya bahwa utang itu
mau enggak mau bahkan pakai dalil-dalil
agama juga Memang emang harus
disegerakan tapi kan kalau ada kondisi
di mana kita ggak bisa bayar ya kita
juga punya hak untuk apa namanya
mengajukan serangkaian perubahan itu
adjustment gitu penyesuaian pembayaran
hutangnya al kita enggak kabur gitu
sebisa mungkin sebenarnya kalau memilih
yang pinjaman online itu harus juga
melihat kemampuan bayar diri sendiri
Makanya harus harus diperhintungkan
matang-matang dah kalau minjam kita
harus buat apa buat apa kegunaannya
harus bikin matang-matang dah dengan
bijak dah kalau minjam itu bijak dah
pikirannya dah sekeras apapun kita
memberikan
eh apa ya memberikan motivasi ataupun
memberikan masukan kepada masyarakat
melalui media sosial YouTube ataupun
aca-aca seperti ini ya Mas
ya karena kebutuhan di lapangan itu
untuk uang dan kemudahan yang dia
dapatkan itu akan terus terjerat Mas
enggak akan ada solusi gitu loh Ya
dibilang lingkaran setnya bentuk
lingkaran kayak gini Mas bahkan orang
yang enggak bekerja pun contoh ya
Mahasiswa ya kan Berapa banyak yang
terjurat
mahasiswa guru honorer sekarang Mas Coba
bayangkan guru honorer dengan gaji per
bulannya cuma r300.000 mereka bisa
mengajukan pinjaman sebesar R
juta Mungkin enggak Enggak mungkin kan
kalau di bank yang resmi
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