IKN: Minim Investor, Merusak Lingkungan, Mengancam Warga Lokal | PUTAR BALIK
Summary
TLDRThe script discusses the long-standing idea of relocating Indonesia's capital city, which dates back to President Soekarno's era in 1957. Despite various proposals, the plan never materialized until President Jokowi announced the move to East Kalimantan in 2019. The decision faced criticism for its lack of transparency and potential issues such as land dispossession. Despite challenges and legal disputes, the project aims to reduce congestion in Jakarta and is expected to take 25-30 years, with initial funding from domestic sources.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The idea of relocating the capital of Indonesia has been discussed since the era of President Soekarno in 1957, but it has never been realized until now.
- 🗣️ President Jokowi has firmly decided to move the capital to East Kalimantan, specifically in the Penajam Paser Utara region, to alleviate the burden on Jakarta.
- 📚 The concept of developing a new capital was first mentioned by Soekarno to Soviet engineers, leading to the construction of roads in Palangkaraya on peat land.
- 🚧 Economic difficulties in the 1960s hindered the development of Palangkaraya, and subsequent presidents had different plans for the capital's location.
- 🛑 President Soeharto had plans to move the capital to Jonggol in West Java, but his regime ended before the plan could be realized.
- 🌐 President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gusdur) and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) both proposed alternatives for the capital, focusing on overcoming congestion and flooding in Jakarta.
- 📈 President Jokowi's initiative to move the capital began in May 2017, with a serious consideration of the impact on the national budget and debt.
- 📊 The decision to move the capital out of Java was made in April 2019, with three candidate regions, but Kalimantan was chosen for its central location and lower disaster risk.
- 🏗️ The public has questioned the details and analysis of the new capital plan, which was claimed to be prepared over two years but remained mysterious until the announcement.
- 📉 The rushed and closed process of the capital's legislation faced criticism and was challenged in court by civil society for not accommodating public participation.
- 🛑 The development of the new capital has faced issues such as land acquisition affecting local communities and a lack of transparency in the process.
- 💡 Despite challenges, President-elect Prabowo is reported to be committed to continuing the development of the new capital, emphasizing the need for domestic and then foreign funding over 25 to 30 years.
Q & A
What is the historical context of the capital relocation plan in Indonesia?
-The idea of relocating the capital of Indonesia has been discussed since the era of President Soekarno in 1957. The plan has been considered by various presidents but was never realized until President Jokowi's tenure.
Why did President Soekarno want to move the capital to Palangkaraya?
-President Soekarno wanted to move the capital to Palangkaraya because he believed Surabaya and Jakarta were the only cities with economic circulation, and he had a vision for the development of the new capital city.
What were the economic challenges faced during the development of Palangkaraya as the new capital?
-The development of Palangkaraya was hindered by the poor state of Indonesia's economy in the 1960s, which led to the construction of roads on swampy land without further progress.
What was President Soeharto's stance on the capital relocation plan?
-President Soeharto, who succeeded Soekarno, did not want to continue the development of Palangkaraya and instead had an interest in moving the capital to Jonggol in West Java.
Which other locations were considered for the new capital city before the decision was made?
-Before deciding on the new capital, three regions were considered: Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. However, Sumatra and Sulawesi were deemed less ideal due to their locations not being at the center of Indonesia.
Why was Kalimantan chosen as the location for the new capital city?
-Kalimantan was chosen for the new capital city because of its central location in Indonesia and the relatively low risk of natural disasters on the island of Borneo.
What were the reasons behind President Jokowi's decision to move the capital out of Java?
-President Jokowi decided to move the capital out of Java due to the heavy burden on the island, particularly Jakarta, as the center of governance and business.
What were the public's concerns regarding the transparency and planning of the new capital city?
-The public was concerned about the lack of transparency in the planning and development of the new capital city, with the analysis being rushed and not being made public.
What are some of the potential issues arising from the development of the new capital city?
-The development of the new capital city has the potential to cause issues such as the displacement of local communities and conflicts with indigenous people whose lands are being affected by the project.
How has the government addressed the funding for the new capital city?
-The government has allocated 90.4 trillion from the state budget, which is about 20% of the total need for the new capital city. The rest is expected to be funded by private investment and government cooperation with business entities.
What is the stance of the incoming president, Prabowo, on the continuation of the new capital city project?
-Prabowo has not shown a strong enthusiasm for the rapid completion of the new capital city project, and there has been no discussion on the matter in his meetings with party leaders and supporters.
Outlines
🏛️ History of Indonesia's Capital Relocation Plans
The script discusses the long-standing idea of relocating Indonesia's capital city, which dates back to the era of President Soekarno in 1957. It details how Soekarno envisioned moving the capital to Palangkaraya and his interactions with Soviet engineers. However, due to the economic downturn in the 1960s, the development in Palangkaraya was hindered. The script also mentions subsequent presidents, including Soeharto and Abdurrahman Wahid, who had their own proposals for the capital's relocation. It culminates with President Joko Widodo's (Jokowi) firm decision to move the capital to East Kalimantan, which was announced in August 2019, citing the overburdened condition of Jakarta and Java Island.
📉 Challenges and Criticisms of the New Capital Development
This paragraph delves into the challenges and criticisms faced by the development of the new capital city in Indonesia. It highlights the rushed and secretive nature of the planning, which led to public criticism and legal challenges. The script mentions the quick passage of the National Capital City Law and the subsequent lawsuit filed by various civil society groups. It also discusses the potential issues such as land dispossession and the impact on local communities, particularly the indigenous people of Sepaku, whose land is being cleared for the project. The lack of transparency and the failure to attract sufficient investment are also highlighted, culminating in the resignation of key officials in June 2024.
🗳️ Political Outlook and Future of the Capital Relocation Project
The final paragraph focuses on the political stance and future of the capital relocation project. It reveals that Prabowo Subianto, a political figure, has not discussed the new capital in his meetings with party leaders. However, his commitment to continuing the project is affirmed by Thomas Jwo, a member of the synchronizing team. Prabowo suggests that the project will be a long-term endeavor, requiring 25 to 30 years for completion, and should initially rely on domestic funding before seeking foreign investment. The paragraph ends with an open question to the audience about their views on the continuation of the project under Prabowo's leadership.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Capital Relocation
💡Presidency
💡Kalimantan
💡Infrastructure Development
💡Economic Constraints
💡Public Participation
💡Indigenous Communities
💡Investment Attraction
💡Environmental Impact
💡Legislative Approval
💡Political Commitment
Highlights
The idea of relocating Indonesia's capital city has been discussed since the era of President Soekarno but was never realized until President Jokowi's administration.
In 1957, President Soekarno first proposed moving the capital to Palangkaraya, envisioning it as a new economic center.
Soekarno's plan for the new capital involved collaboration with Soviet engineers and led to the construction of infrastructure in Palangkaraya.
Economic challenges in the 1960s hindered the development of Palangkaraya, leading to the plan's stagnation.
President Soeharto, who succeeded Soekarno, had different plans and considered moving the capital to Jonggol in Bogor, West Java.
President Abdurrahman Wahid, the fourth president, proposed Subang in West Java as an alternative capital city.
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, in 2010 and 2013, also considered relocating the capital to address Jakarta's congestion and flooding issues.
President Joko Widodo initiated a study on the capital relocation in May 2017, emphasizing the need to not burden the national budget.
In April 2019, President Jokowi decided to move the capital out of Java, citing the heavy load on Jakarta as a center for governance and business.
Three regions were considered for the new capital: Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi, with Kalimantan being chosen for its central location and lower disaster risk.
The decision to locate the new capital in North Penajam Paser and part of Kutai Kertanegara in East Kalimantan was announced in August 2019.
The detailed analysis for the capital relocation, claimed to be prepared over two years, was only submitted to President Jokowi three days before the announcement.
The rushed and closed process of the capital development plan faced criticism and was challenged legally by civil society groups.
The relocation has potential issues, such as the displacement of local communities and conflicts with indigenous people's rights.
The construction of the new capital has faced setbacks, including withdrawal of investors and operational challenges.
The government allocated 90.4 trillion rupiah from the state budget for the new capital, expecting additional funding from private investment and public-private partnerships.
The failure to attract sufficient private investment and resolve conflicts with local communities led to the resignation of the head of the National Capital Authority in June 2024.
President-elect Prabowo is reportedly not eager to rush the completion of the new capital construction, acknowledging its political nature and long-term development needs.
Transcripts
wacana pemindahan ibu kota telah
bergulir sejak era Presiden
Soekarno presiden silih berganti tapi
rancangan itu tak pernah terwujud hingga
sekarang kini Presiden Jokowi berkukuh
memindahkan ibukota negara atau IKN ke
penajam pasar utara Kalimantan Timur
Lalu bagaimana ide itu pertama kali
muncul dan inilah putar balik
[Musik]
gagasan pemindahan ibu kota pertama kali
mencuat saat era Presiden
Soekarno pada
1957 Soekarno disebut-sebut ingin
memindahkan ibu kota ke Palang paraya
dia pernah bilang Mari jadikan Surabaya
dan Jakarta kota kota
alasannya waktu itu karena perputaran
ekonomi hanya terjadi di dua kota
tersebut dalam buku berjudul Soekarno
dan desain rencana ibu kota ri di
Palangkaraya Soekarno konon telah
memiliki konsep pembangunan ibu kota ide
itu lalu dia sampaikan kepada
insinyur-insinyur asal Uni Soviet
akhirnya terjadilah pembangunan jalan
raya di lahan gambut
Palangkaraya namun perekonomian
Indonesia yang pada saat itu memasuki
1960-an terpuruk dan membuat pembangunan
di Palangkaraya
terhambat Soeharto yang saat itu naik
menggantikan Soekarno tak ingin
melanjutkan pembangunan
Palangkaraya I malah berkeinginan
memindahkan ibukota ke wilayah Jonggol
Kabupaten Bogor Jawa
Barat hasratnya memahkan ibota ke jongol
hanampitkan
Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 1997 tentang
jongbol sebagai Kota
Mandiri keputusan belum sempat
terlaksana Soeharto
dilengsarkan Abdurrahman Wahid alias
Gusdur mantan presiden ke4 juga pernah
mengusulkan Subang Jawa Barat sebagai
alternatif ibu kota
baru selanjutnya di era Presiden Susilo
Bambang yudeono pada 2010 dan 2013 SBY
juga turut Mencetuskan wacana pemindahan
ibu kota
denganali mengatasi kemacetan dan banjir
di
Jakarta lalu Sejak kapan usulan
pemindahan ibuota era Presiden Joko
Widodo
tercetus mulanya pada Mei 2017 Presiden
Joko Widodo meminta badan perencanaan
pembangunan nasional melakukan kajian
pemindahan ibu
kota saat itu menteri perencanaan
pembangunan nasional Bambang brojonegoro
mengatakan Jokowi sangat serius
mempertimbangkan pemindahan ibu
kota presiden meminta jangan sampai
memberatkan APBN dan berutang untuk
merealisasikannya kata Bambang waktu itu
Bambang mengatakan kajian pemindahan ibu
kota itu baru dimulai dan diperkirakan
selesai di
2019 dalam rapat kabinet terbatas pada
April 2019 Presiden Joko Widodo
memutuskan memindahkan ibu kota dari
Jakarta keluar
Jawa Jokowi beralasan beban pulau Jawa
khususnya Jakarta sebagai pusat
pemerintahan dan bisnis sudah terlampau
berat sehingga dibutuhkan kota lain
sebagai ibuota
baru waktu itu ada tiga kandidat wilayah
ibuota baru yakni di Sumatera Kalimantan
dan
Sulawesi tapi Jokowi menilai Sumatra dan
Sulawesi kurang ideal karena tak persis
berada di tengah-tengah wilayah
Indonesia Kalimantan kemudian dipilih
menjadi lokasi untuk ibu kota
baru Selain letaknya di tengah Indonesia
alasan lain adalah karena pulau Borneo
itu minim resiko
bencana 4 bulan berselang Jokowi
mengumumkan keputusan pemindahan ibu
kota tepatnya pada Agustus
2019 Jokowi menyebut Kabupaten penajam
pasar utara dan sebagian Kabupaten Kutai
Kertanegara Kalimantan Timur sebagai
lokasi pembangunan ibuota
baru keputusan itu membuat publik
bertanya-tanya seperti apa detail
analisis pemindahan ibuota
baru Kepala Badan perencanaan
pembangunan nasional Bambang brojonegoro
bahkan baru menyetorkan hasil kajian
pemindahan ibu kota negara kepada Jokowi
3 hari sebelum Pengumuman pada 26
Agustus 2019
detail analisis yang diklaim disiapkan
selama 2 tahun tersebut ternyata masih
misterius karena tak diungkap ke publik
rencana pembangunan IKN itu terburu-buru
dan menuai kritik dari berbagai
kalangan pada Januari 2022 misalnya
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat ujug-ujug
mengesahkan rancangan undang-undang ibu
kota negara menjadi
undang-undang payung hukum untuk ibu
kota negara itu dibuat secara kilat dan
tertutup
hanya butuh 43 hari bagi pemerintah dan
DPR meloloskan undang-undang tersebut
dari mulai pembentukan panitia khusus
pembahasan hingga
pengesahannya undang-undang Nomor 3
Tahun 2022 tentang ibukota negara itu
kemudian digugat masyarakat
sipil mereka yang mengajukan gugatan
diantaranya adalah Gus muqadas aliansi
masyarakat adat nusantara dan yayasan
Wahana lingkungan hidup Indonesia atau w
mereka menggugat karena bet itu dinilai
tidak mengakomodir partisipasi
publik namun Ketua Majelis Hakim
Mahkamah Konstitusi Anwar Man yang juga
merupakan adik kipar Jokowi menolak
gugatan itu pada Mei
2022 tak hanya prosesnya yang tak
transparan pembangunan IKN ini juga
berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai masalah
misalnya perampasan ruang hidup warga
setempat maupunyarakat
adat warga pemaluan kecamatan sepaku
kabupaten penajam pasar utara Kalimantan
Timur pernah dibuat Geger oleh Otorita
IKN aotorita IKN bersurat kepada warga
setempat untuk mengosongkan tempat
tinggal mereka karena masuk kawasan
ilegal Padahal di wilayah tersebut
terdapat kampung tua sabut yang dihuni
masyarakat adat suku balik dan pasar
yang telah ada Jauh sebelum IKN
ditetapkan
kepala adat suku balik sepaku sibukdin
was-was karena pengerjaan proyek IKN
terus berjalan meski warga menolak
memberikan lahannya sejak awal 2022
pekerja proyek telah memasang Kin dan
mengoperasikan sejumlah alat berat
lainnya untuk membuka
lahan sibukdin memperkirakan pembukaan
lahan di sekitar Kecamatan spakus sudah
menembus 60 hektare dan telah merobohkan
beberapa desa
kami disuruh memilih mau dibayar atau
diselesaikan di pengadilan kata sibukdin
pada Maret
2023 tapi juru bicara Otorita IKN Troy
pantau mengklaim penggusuran itu tidak
dilakukan
semena-mena Seiring berjalannya
waktucusuar itu sepi
investor bahkan CEO softbank Mas mundur
sebagai investor pada Maret
2022 sebelum
P Januari 2020 menti koordinator bidang
kemaritiman dan investasi Luhut Binar
Panjaitan menglaim sebetulnya berminat
menyuntik dana segar untuk pembangunan
Ik yangyacapai 100
miliar berawal dari perataan minat
investasi Itul pemintah menunjuk sebagai
ketua dewan pengarah
Ik bersama perdana
Mi AB
di atau
[Musik]
mbz Jokowi mengalokasikan 90,4 triliun
APBN atau sekitar 20% dari total
kebutuhan IKN yang mencapai 466 triliun
sisanya disebut-sebut akan didanai oleh
investasi swasta senilai 123 triliun dan
kerja sama pemerintah dengan badan usaha
mencapai 252
triliun nyatanya dana swasta seret meski
Jokowi sudah menggelar karpet merah
lewat berbagai aturan seperti UU Cipta
kerja dan ikr investasi asing tak
kunjung datang kepala Otorita ibukota
negara Nusantara Bambang susantono
dinilai gagal menarik investor ke IKN
hingga menyelesaikan konflik dengan
masyarakat buntutnya pada awal Juni 2024
Bambang susantono dan wakilnya Doni
Rahayu mengundurkan diri dari
jabatannya Pengumuman itu diumumkan ole
Menteri Sekretaris Negara Pratikno di
Istana
Kepresidenan Jokowi lantas mengangkat
Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan
rakyatuki hadio sebagai PLT kepala
Otorita IKN dan wakil Menteri Agraria
dan tata ruang Raja Juli Antoni sebagai
PLT wakil kepala Otorita
IKN dengan tumpukan persoalan itu
presiden terpilih prabowoanto dikabarkan
tak terlalu antusias buru-uru
merampungkan pembangunan
dua petinggi tim kampanye nasional
Prabowo mengatakan tak ada pembahasan
IKN dalam setiap pertemuan Prabowo
dengan para ketua umum partai politik
penyokongnya tapi bendahara umum partai
Gerindra yang juga anggota gugus tugas
sinkronisasi Thomas jwo mengatakan
Prabowo berkomitmen melanjutkan
pembangunan
IKN qatarconomic forum Mei 2024ow
IKN memerlukan waktu 25 sampai 30 tahun
pembangunan awal mesti menggunakan
sumber dana dalam negeri dan kemudian
dari luar
negeri ibukota ini merupakan proyek
politis ujar
Prabowo Akankah Prabowo melanjutkan
IKN tulis pendapatmu di kolom komentar
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