LAMBANG KEPALANGMERAHAN

Summary

The video script explains the history and significance of the Red Cross emblem, starting from its adoption in 1864 to protect military medical units. It details how Turkey and Iran adopted different symbols like the Red Crescent and the Red Lion and Sun, and introduces the Red Crystal added in 2005. The Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) was established in 1945 and recognized internationally in 1950. The script emphasizes the legal protections for the Red Cross emblem in Indonesia, including penalties for misuse, while affirming the public's ability to engage in humanitarian activities.

Takeaways

• 🏥 The Red Cross emblem is a symbol with a specific meaning and function, representing medical military unity.
• 📜 In the mid-18th century, medical military units lacked a common emblem, often becoming targets on the battlefield.
• 📍 The 1864 Geneva diplomatic conference adopted the Red Cross emblem on a white background to distinguish medical military units and ensure their neutrality.
• 🌙 In 1876, the Ottoman Empire used the Red Crescent emblem as an alternative to the Red Cross.
• 📝 In 1929, a diplomatic conference adopted the Red Lion and Sun as an additional emblem at the request of Turkey, Persia, and Egypt.
• 🔄 After the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1980, the Red Crescent replaced the Red Lion and Sun as its emblem.
• 🔺 In 2005, a protocol was ratified to recognize the Red Crystal as an emblem with equal status to the Red Cross and Red Crescent.
• 🌍 Currently, 157 countries use the Red Cross emblem, 34 countries use the Red Crescent, and one country uses the Red Crystal.
• 🇮🇩 The Indonesian Red Cross, known as PMI, was established on September 17, 1945, and is recognized internationally by the ICRC and IFRC since 1950.
• 📜 The Indonesian Red Cross is legally established as the only national society in Indonesia through Law No. 1 of 2018, which also affirms Indonesia's official choice of the Red Cross emblem used by military health units and PMI.
• 🛡 The Red Cross emblem serves as a protective and identification symbol, used exclusively by the national society, PMI, and can be used by military medical units and civilian health facilities with permission from the military commander.
• 🚫 The misuse of the Red Cross emblem by individuals, groups, organizations, or corporations for profit is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a maximum fine of Rp10 billion under Indonesian law.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Red Cross emblem?

The Red Cross emblem is a symbol that represents neutrality and protection for medical military units, adopted to distinguish them during conflicts and to ensure their safety.

When was the Red Cross emblem first adopted?

The Red Cross emblem was first adopted in 1864 during a diplomatic conference in Geneva, Switzerland.

Why did the Ottoman Empire use a different emblem?

In 1876, the Ottoman Empire used the Red Crescent emblem as an alternative to the Red Cross to align with their cultural and religious identity.

What emblems were adopted at the 1929 diplomatic conference?

The 1929 diplomatic conference adopted the Red Crescent and the Red Lion and Sun as additional emblems to accommodate the requests of Turkey, Iran, and Egypt.

When did Iran change its emblem from the Red Lion and Sun to the Red Crescent?

After becoming the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1980, the Red Crescent emblem replaced the Red Lion and Sun as its official emblem.

What is the status of the Crystal Red emblem?

The Crystal Red emblem, adopted in 2005, has equal status with the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems, providing an additional option for national societies.

How many countries use the Red Cross emblem?

As of the script's information, 157 countries use the Red Cross emblem.

How many countries use the Red Crescent emblem?

34 countries use the Red Crescent emblem.

What is the history of the Indonesian Red Cross, known as PMI?

The Indonesian Red Cross, or PMI, was established on September 17, 1945, with the first chairman being Dres Muhammad Hatta, and it was recognized internationally by the ICRC and IFRC in 1950.

What is the legal status of PMI in Indonesia?

PMI's legal status in Indonesia is reinforced as the only national society through Law No. 1 of 2018 concerning the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems.

What are the functions of the Red Cross emblem in Indonesia?

In Indonesia, the Red Cross emblem serves as a protective and identification symbol for the national society PMI and is used exclusively by them, including during armed conflicts and for identifying personnel, vehicles, and facilities involved in humanitarian aid.

What are the penalties for misuse of the Red Cross emblem in Indonesia?

The misuse of the Red Cross emblem by individuals, groups, organizations, or corporations for profit can result in a maximum prison sentence of 10 years and a maximum fine of Rp10 billion.

Does the Red Cross and Red Crescent law in Indonesia restrict humanitarian activities by the public?

No, the law does not prohibit or limit the public from conducting humanitarian activities; it specifically regulates the operation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems by PMI in collaboration with the community.