Ribosomes make Protein
Summary
TLDRThis video from moomoomath and science introduces the vital role of ribosomes, the cellular 'protein factories' found in all living cells. Ribosomes, composed of a large and small subunit with proteins and RNA, are crucial for protein synthesis through the process of translation. They can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough ER, creating proteins for internal or external use. Proteins, essential for functions like building tissues, aiding digestion, and muscle contraction, are vital for life. The video also encourages viewers to explore more about proteins and promotes kindness.
Takeaways
- 🌟 Ribosomes are essential cellular components found in all types of cells, including plant, animal, and bacteria cells.
- 🔬 The average eukaryotic cell contains approximately 10 million ribosomes, highlighting their abundance and importance.
- 📐 Ribosomes consist of two subunits: a large subunit and a small subunit, each containing proteins and RNA.
- 🌐 Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- 🔍 Free-floating ribosomes synthesize proteins for internal cellular use, while those attached to the ER produce proteins for external use or membrane attachment.
- 📝 The process of protein synthesis by ribosomes is known as translation, involving mRNA and tRNA.
- 🧬 mRNA, created in the nucleus, carries genetic information out of the nucleus to the ribosome.
- 🔑 tRNA reads the mRNA in triplets called codons and brings the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome.
- 🔗 As tRNA decodes the mRNA, amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein.
- 🏗️ Proteins serve a multitude of functions within and outside the cell, such as structural components of skin and tendons, aiding digestion, muscle contraction, and oxygen transport.
- 🔗 Ribosomes play a critical role in sustaining life by facilitating the production of proteins necessary for various biological functions.
Q & A
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
-Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell, responsible for synthesizing proteins through the process of translation.
Where can ribosomes be found in a cell?
-Ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm, either floating freely or bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in plant, animal, and bacterial cells.
How many ribosomes does an average eukaryotic cell contain?
-An average eukaryotic cell contains approximately 10 million ribosomes.
What are the two main components of a ribosome?
-A ribosome is composed of a large subunit and a small subunit, both of which contain proteins and RNA.
What is the role of ribosomes attached to the ER?
-Ribosomes attached to the ER synthesize proteins that are either bound to the cell membrane or used outside of the cell.
What is the process by which ribosomes create proteins?
-Ribosomes create proteins through a process called translation, where mRNA is read by tRNA in triplets called codons, and amino acids are assembled into a protein.
What is the role of mRNA in the process of protein synthesis?
-mRNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome, where it is read in triplets to determine the sequence of amino acids in the protein being synthesized.
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
-tRNA reads the mRNA codons and brings the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled in the correct order to form a protein.
What are some of the functions of proteins in a cell?
-Proteins serve as building blocks for structures like skin and tendons, aid in digestion, assist in muscle contraction, and help carry oxygen in the body, among other functions.
Why are proteins important for an organism's survival?
-Proteins are crucial for an organism's survival as they perform a wide range of functions both inside and outside the cell, contributing to the structure, function, and regulation of the body.
What is the significance of the message 'kindness multiplies kindness' at the end of the video script?
-The message encourages viewers to be kind to others, emphasizing the positive impact that kindness can have on society and the world.
Outlines
🌟 Ribosome Structure and Function
This paragraph introduces the ribosome, a vital cellular component found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells. Ribosomes, often visible as tiny dots in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are described as 'small protein factories.' The average eukaryotic cell contains approximately 10 million ribosomes, emphasizing their abundance and importance. The paragraph explains the ribosome's structure, which consists of a large subunit and a small subunit, both containing proteins and RNA. It also details the function of free-floating ribosomes in creating proteins for internal cell use and those attached to the ER for producing proteins destined for the cell membrane or external use. The process of translation, where mRNA is read by tRNA in triplets called codons to assemble amino acids into proteins, is also outlined. The paragraph concludes by highlighting the diverse roles of proteins in the body, such as building blocks for skin and tendons, aiding digestion, muscle contraction, and oxygen transport.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Ribosome
💡Eukaryotic Cell
💡Cytoplasm
💡Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
💡Protein Synthesis
💡mRNA (Messenger RNA)
💡tRNA (Transfer RNA)
💡Codons
💡Translation
💡Protein Functions
💡Kindness
Highlights
Introduction to the structure and function of the ribosome in the video.
Ribosomes as tiny protein factories in cells.
Presence of ribosomes in plant, animal, and bacteria cells.
An average eukaryotic cell contains approximately 10 million ribosomes.
Ribosome's large and small subunits containing protein and RNA.
Ribosomes' location in the cytoplasm or bound to the rough ER.
Free-floating ribosomes create proteins for internal cell use.
Ribosomes attached to the ER produce proteins for external use or cell membrane binding.
Process of translation used by ribosomes to create proteins.
mRNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
tRNA reads mRNA in triplets called codons.
tRNA carries amino acids to build proteins in the correct order.
Proteins serve as building blocks for structures like skin and tendons.
Proteins aid in digestion, muscle contraction, and oxygen transport.
Ribosomes' crucial role in sustaining life through protein synthesis.
Link to a video on proteins for further information.
The message of kindness and its multiplication as a closing thought.
Transcripts
welcome to moomoomath and science in
this video i'd like to talk about the
structure and function of the ribosome
when you look at the pictures of this
plant and animal cell you can see tiny
dots on the er and in the cytoplasm
these dots are the ribosomes but why are
they important to the cell
ribosomes are small protein factories
found in cells
ribosomes are found in plant
animal and bacteria cells
the average eukaryotic cell has
approximately 10 million ribosomes
if you take a look at this picture of a
ribosome you will notice a large subunit
and a small subunit which both contain
protein and rna
in plant and animal cells ribosomes are
found floating in the cytoplasm or bound
to the rough er
free-floating ribosomes create proteins
to be used within the cell while
ribosomes attached to the er create
proteins that are either bound to the
cell membrane or are used outside of the
cell
ribosomes use a process called
translation to create proteins in basic
terms here's what happens
mrna or messenger rna that has been
created at the nucleus leaves the
nucleus and travels to the ribosome
next trna
then travels to the
ribosome and reads the mrna in triplets
called codons the trna has an amino acid
attached to one end
as the trna reads the mrna the strings
of the amino acid are put together in
the correct order and creates a protein
so why is a protein important proteins
are used for many functions inside and
outside of the cell
proteins are used as building blocks
your skin and tendons are made up of
protein
some proteins help with digestion
proteins help with muscle contraction
and carry oxygen around the body
these tiny organelles called ribosomes
play a very important function in
helping organisms stay alive
if you'd like to know more about
proteins i'll attach a link to a video i
made on proteins below and remember
kindness multiplies kindness be kind to
someone today
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